CN103233139A - Copper-iron-stannum (Cu-Fe-Sn) conducting material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a copper-iron-stannum (Cu-Fe-Sn) conducting material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of an alloy material. The Cu-Fe-Sn conducting material is characterized by comprising the following components by weight percent: 1 to 10 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 3 percent of Sn, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurity. The preparation method comprises the following steps of burdening; adopting a nonvacuum high-frequency induction furnace to smelt the raw materials; casting: adopting a brass mold to cast; normalizing treatment: ensuring the normalizing treatment temperature to be 700 DEG C to 750 DEG C, and ensuring the normalizing treatment time to be 30 to 60 min; cold rolling: controlling the total deformation in the radial direction to be 30 to 50 percent; and annealing: heating the material to 400 to 600 DEG C along the furnace, preserving the heat for 6 to 8h, then cooling the material to 200 DEG C along the furnace, and finally taking the material out of the furnace and cooling the material to the room temperature. The Cu-Fe-Sn conducting material has the advantages that the tensile strength is 550MPa to 750MPa, the conductivity is more than 80 percent IACS, and the Cu-Fe-Sn conducting material is applicable to the operation of a high-speed electrical train.

Description

A kind of Cu-Fe-Sn electro-conductive material and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the preparation technical field of alloy material, be specifically related to a kind of high-strength high-conductivity Cu-Fe-Sn material and preparation method thereof that has.

Background technology

Along with developing rapidly of electric railway, the travelling speed of train is more and more faster, and this just requires also will improve its current capacity and operating stability when strengthening osculatory suspension tension force, to improve the locomotive current carrying quality.Osculatory is the key part in the whole electric train operation architecture, therefore require the osculatory material must possess high strength, high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, excellent conducting performance and high anti-softening temperature, desirable its performance index of electric car osculatory material are: tensile strength is more than 550MPa, electric conductivity is greater than 80 %IACS, use temperature in the time of 300 ℃ the tensile strength rate of descent below 15%.Up to the present, the osculatory material that develops of countries in the world does not all satisfy speed per hour greater than the development of the 350Km/h high-speed railway requirement to the contact wire material.Therefore, high-speed railway net of new generation is subjected to the close attention of each side with the research and development of osculatory.

At present, from using material, the osculatory of electrified high-speed railway use both at home and abroad mainly is divided into three major types: fine copper osculatory, copper alloy contact wire and matrix material osculatory.

(1) tensile strength of fine copper osculatory is generally 350MPa, and specific conductivity is 97.5%IACS, after softening processing the (300 ℃ of insulation 2h), and 60% before its tensile strength only is untreated.The fine copper osculatory is the osculatory that uses after the oxygen-free copper bar drawing moulding, and its reinforcement only relies on work hardening to realize.The problem that exists is: 1. surface and inner hardenability are inconsistent, and with the raising intensity increase of fine copper osculatory cold working rate, but easier to be softening, the strength retrogression is very big; 2. fine copper osculatory intensity is low, easily breaks, and pantograph and catenary fault is many; 3. the anti-softening temperature of fine copper osculatory is low, and resistance toheat is poor; 4. the fine copper osculatory wears no resistance, and along with the traction Electric Locomotive increases, electric abrasion increase, and its life-span is shortened greatly.Therefore, at a high speed, on busy, the heavy-haul line, the fine copper osculatory can't meet the demands, the speed that only is adapted at is lower than on the low speed railway of 200km/h to be used.

(2) copper alloy contact wire is with respect to the fine copper osculatory, tensile strength is higher, wear resistance is good, adds a spot of alloying element during production in copper, improves intensity and the hot mastication performance of osculatory under the condition that keeps in touch the certain specific conductivity of line by microalloying.Table 1 is depicted as at present the key technical indexes of copper alloy contact wire both at home and abroad.The copper alloy contact wire that uses both at home and abroad at present has separately advantage and weak point as can be seen from Table 1, and distinct issues are that its intensity of material of good conductivity is not high, and its electroconductibility of material that intensity is high is bad, and namely the over-all properties of alloy is undesirable.

The key technical indexes of the at present domestic and international copper alloy contact wire of table 1

(3) with steel as core coated metal aluminium or on steel core the coated metal copper to be equipped with compound osculatory be one of main means that solve railway high speedization.Intensity and the wear resistance of steel aluminium osculatory and Copper Clad Steel Contact Wire material are improved, and have important performance indexes such as high tensile, light weight, wear resistance, but because problems such as its material coefficient of thermal expansion coefficient difference and scrap wire processing make it also be subjected to bigger restriction at present in the use.

For promoting the development of high-speed railway, the development of homemade copper and copper alloy contact wire becomes one of important topic of China enterprise and R﹠D institution.The method of development high strength high-conductivity copper alloy is a lot of at present, and as adopting the alloy materials such as Cu-6～24wt%Ag, Cu-Cr-Ag of in-situ composite method preparation, its intensity can reach 1GPa, and electric conductivity has reached 80% IACS.Yet because its production cost is very high, the technology controlling and process difficulty can't become the method for copper alloy contact wire scale operation.In the production and development of osculatory, adopt the conventional alloys smelting process to make intensity and be still the direction of making great efforts development greater than 500MPa, specific conductivity greater than the high-strength highly-conductive osculatory of 80%IACS.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of tensile strength greater than 550MPa, electric conductivity is applicable to that greater than Cu-Fe-Sn alloy conductor material of 80 %IACS and preparation method thereof speed per hour reaches the requirement of the above high-speed electric railway train operation of 350Km/h.

The present invention is achieved in that the mass percent that it is characterized in that the Cu-Fe-Sn electro-conductive material is: Fe is 1 ~ 10 wt.%, and Sn is 0.3 ~ 3wt.%, and surplus is Cu and unavoidable impurities, and its preparation method is:

(1) batching is raw material with electrolytic copper, technically pure iron and industrial pure tin, and wherein the mass percent of each constituent content is: Fe is 1 ~ 10 wt.%, and Sn is 0.3 ~ 3wt.%, and surplus is Cu and unavoidable impurities.

(2) high frequency melting: use antivacuum high frequency furnace melting.Owing to be smelting copper alloy under atmospheric environment, need in metal liquid, to add the graphite of 0.3 ~ 1 wt.%, play " degassing " effect.

(3) cast: melted alloy liquation is injected the mould of making of brass cast.Because the heat transfer of copper mold is fast, make that molten metal can rapid solidification, thereby be conducive to obtain fine grained texture, improve the mechanical property of material.

(4) normalizing treatment: in order effectively to eliminate the casting stress that foundry goods forms in process of setting, needed earlier foundry goods to be carried out high temperature normalizing before foundry goods is carried out cold deformation, normalizing temperature is that 700 ° of C ~ 750 ° C carry out, and the normalizing time is 30 ~ 60 min.

(5) carry out cold rolling: cold rolling back bar is controlled to be 30% ~ 50% in diametric total deformation.

(6) anneal: adopt and be heated to 400 ℃～600 ℃ with stove, be incubated 6～8 hours, cool to 200 ℃ again with the furnace, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last is to room temperature.

Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:

(1) the prepared Cu-Fe-Sn electro-conductive material of the present invention has high strength and high conduction performance, its room temperature tensile strength is between 550MPa ~ 750MPa, electric conductivity is greater than 80%IACS, and after softening processing the (500 ℃ are incubated 15 days), its tensile strength descends in 12% ~ 15% scope.So can be by the overhead wire for electric locomotive that is used as common wiring cable, electric car cable and is specially adapted to run at high speed.

(2) production cost of this alloy is low, preparation process is simple, is easy to apply.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

(1) batching: the mass percent of alloying element is Fe:5 wt.%, Sn:2wt.%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities; (2) adopt the high frequency furnace melting; (3) add 0.8wt.% graphite, be cast into ingot; (4) normalizing treatment, heat treatment furnace is heated to 750 ℃ after, again alloy bar material is put into stove and is incubated 30min, take out subsequently and carry out air cooling to room temperature; (5) rolling deformation adopts three-high mill, and by four road rolling deformations, diametric deflection is 50%; (6) last anneal is heated to 500 ℃ with the blank after the distortion with stove, and rate of heating is chosen as 600 ℃/h, and soaking time is 6 hours, and the eventually sever power supply cools to normal temperature with the furnace.The performance index of alloy see Table 2 embodiment 1.

Embodiment 2:

(1) batching: the mass percent of alloying element is Fe:10 wt.%, Sn:0.3 wt.%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities; (2) adopt the high frequency furnace melting; (3) add 0.5wt.% graphite, be cast into ingot; (4) normalizing treatment, heat treatment furnace is heated to 700 ℃ after, again alloy bar material is put into stove and is incubated 60min, take out subsequently and carry out air cooling to room temperature; (5) rolling deformation adopts three-high mill, and by four road rolling deformations, diametric deflection is 50%; (6) last anneal is heated to 600 ℃ with the blank after the distortion with stove, and rate of heating is chosen as 600 ℃/h, and soaking time is 8 hours, and the eventually sever power supply cools to normal temperature with the furnace.The performance index of alloy see Table 2 embodiment 2.

Embodiment 3:

(1) batching: the mass percent of alloying element is Fe:1 wt.%, Sn:3 wt.%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities; (2) adopt the high frequency furnace melting; (3) add 1wt.% graphite, be cast into ingot; (4) normalizing treatment, heat treatment furnace is heated to 700 ℃ after, again alloy bar material is put into stove and is incubated 60min, take out subsequently and carry out air cooling to room temperature; (5) rolling deformation adopts three-high mill, and by four road rolling deformations, diametric deflection is 50%; (6) last anneal is heated to 500 ℃ with the blank after the distortion with stove, and rate of heating is chosen as 600 ℃/h, and soaking time is 6 hours, and the eventually sever power supply cools to normal temperature with the furnace.The performance index of alloy see Table 2 embodiment 3.

Embodiment 4:

(1) batching: the mass percent of alloying element is Fe:8 wt.%, Sn:0.5 wt.%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities; (2) adopt the high frequency furnace melting; (3) add 0.8wt.% graphite, be cast into ingot; (4) normalizing treatment, heat treatment furnace is heated to 750 ℃ after, again alloy bar material is put into stove and is incubated 30min, take out subsequently and carry out air cooling to room temperature; (5) rolling deformation adopts three-high mill, and by four road rolling deformations, diametric deflection is 50%; (6) last anneal is heated to 600 ℃ with the blank after the distortion with stove, and rate of heating is chosen as 600 ℃/h, and soaking time is 6 hours, and the eventually sever power supply cools to normal temperature with the furnace.The performance index of alloy see Table 2 embodiment 4.

The alloy property that table 2: embodiment 1 ~ 4 makes.

Alloy	Alloying constituent (wt.%)	Tensile strength during normal temperature (MPa)	Electric conductivity (%IACS)
				Embodiment 1	Cu-5Fe-2Sn	552	86.6
Embodiment 2	Cu-10Fe-0.3Sn	618	80.8
				Embodiment 3	Cu-1Fe-3Sn	600	82
Embodiment 4	Cu-8Fe-0.5Sn	573	85.5

By above-mentioned four examples as can be known, adopt the Cu-Fe-Sn conductor material of the inventive method preparation, all more than 550MPa, electric conductivity is high-speed electric train osculatory preferable material all greater than 80 %IACS to tensile strength during normal temperature.

Claims (2)

1. Cu-Fe-Sn electro-conductive material and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that: its composition quality per-cent is: Fe is 1 ~ 10 wt.%, and Sn is 0.3 ~ 3wt.%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities.

2. the preparation method of Cu-Fe-Sn electro-conductive material as claimed in claim 1 is:

Batching is raw material with electrolytic copper, technically pure iron and industrial pure tin, and wherein the mass percent of each constituent content is: Fe is 1 ~ 10 wt.%, and Sn is 0.3 ~ 3wt.%, and surplus is Cu and unavoidable impurities;

High frequency melting: use antivacuum high frequency furnace melting;

Cast: melted alloy liquation is injected the mould of making of brass cast;

Normalizing treatment: normalizing temperature is that 700 ° of C ~ 750 ° C carry out, and the normalizing time is 30 ~ 60 min;

Carry out cold rolling: cold rolling back bar is controlled to be 30% ~ 50% in diametric total deformation;

Anneal: adopt and be heated to 400 ℃～600 ℃ with stove, be incubated 6～8 hours, cool to 200 ℃ again with the furnace, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last is to room temperature.