CN103230791B - A kind of preparation method of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of preparation method of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material, first, with the concentrated sulfuric acid by the sulfonation of a kind of organic polymer nanotube, then on sulfonation organic polymer nanotube, one deck tin ash is grown by the method for oil bath, again by the method growth layer of titanium dioxide nanometer sheet of solvent heat, the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of this tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate after finally calcining in atmosphere, can be obtained; Feature of the present invention adopts simple chemical synthesis means, prepares easily separated, that high-specific surface area, photocatalysis performance the are better than general titanium dioxide nano material nano-photocatalyst material with heterojunction structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of inorganic, metal oxide nano-photocatalyst material, particularly the preparation method of a kind of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
Technical background
Organic pollution in photocatalytic degradation air and water receives in the last few years to be paid attention to widely.Titanium dioxide is suitable for the band gap of redox reaction, good chemical stability, the advantage such as cheap and easy to get due to it, obtains research and apply widely in photocatalysis field.But titanic oxide material has an intrinsic defect in the application of photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant: the electrons that produces of titanium dioxide is to can a large amount of recombinating under light illumination, therefore only have a small amount of electrons to can utilize by light-catalyzed reaction.This defect causes the photocatalysis efficiency of titanic oxide material very low.The method solving this defect is the heterojunction material formed by preparing titanium dioxide and other semiconductors, the transfer of electric charge is produced in light-catalyzed reaction, reach the effect that electronics is separated with hole, thus improve the right utilization rate of electrons, improve the photocatalysis efficiency of material simultaneously.
Therefore, find a kind of suitable semi-conducting material, form the material with heterojunction structure with titanium dioxide, the photocatalysis efficiency improving titanium dioxide is had great importance.Tin ash has higher electron mobility (100 ~ 200cm
2v
-1s
-1), to the electronics be excited, there is transfer rate faster.In addition, titanium dioxide has the valence band more negative than tin ash, and electronics therefore can be made to be transferred to the valence band of tin ash from the conduction band of titanium dioxide.So by the nano material of the heterojunction structure of preparing titanium dioxide/tin ash, the defect of titanium dioxide in photocatalytic applications obviously can be overcome, improves the photocatalysis efficiency of material.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned titanium dioxide nano photocatalysis material, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material, prepare the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of a kind of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate, thus improve the efficiency of optically catalytic TiO 2 degradable organic pollutant.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A preparation method for heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material, comprises the following steps:
The first step: take organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, to add its mass ratio be the mass concentration of 1:10 ~ 100 is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 60 minute, then stirring reaction 2 ~ 24 hours under 20 ~ 80 ° of C, the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol washing obtained 1 ~ 6 time, described organic polymer nanotube is obtained by divinyl benzene crosslinked polymerization; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: the sulfonation organic polymer property management taking 10 ~ 500mg step one gained, joins in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of the 10 ~ 100mM of 10 ~ 100mL, ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 60 minute, and described ultrasonic power is 250W; Then 10 ~ 1000mg SnCl is added successively
2, 100 ~ 1000mg urea and 0.1 ~ 2mL strong acid, then stirring reaction 2 ~ 24 hours under 40 ~ 80 ° of C, mixing speed is 400r/m; By the product centrifugation obtained, then use ethanol eccentric cleaning 1 ~ 10 time, drying for standby;
3rd step: by the product ultrasonic disperse in second step in alcohols, described alcohols comprises ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and glycerine, the mass volume ratio of product and alcohols is 1:0.05 ~ 10, then the organic amine accounting for alcohols volume fraction 0.01% ~ 3.0% is added, hand operated mixing 1 ~ 10 minute, add the titanium dioxide predecessor accounting for alcohols volume fraction 1% ~ 60% again, continue hand operated mixing two minutes, finally mixed solution is poured in water heating kettle, the filling rate of mixed solution in water heating kettle is 30% ~ 80%, water heating kettle was 120 ~ 200 ° of C reactions 1 ~ 24 hour, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and with ethanol centrifuge washing twice, drying for standby, described ultrasonic power is 250W, mixing speed is 400r/m,
4th step: calcined 1 ~ 12 hour by 350 ~ 600 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step, heating rate is 0.5 ~ 5 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
The hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of the tin dioxide nanometer tube utilizing the present invention to prepare and titanium dioxide nanoplate has a little following: 1 higher specific area, thus can provide more active reaction sites, thus improves light-catalyzed reaction efficiency; 2 are easily separated, and can not cause the secondary pollution to environment; 3 have heterojunction structure, and photocatalysis efficiency is apparently higher than common titanium dioxide and tin ash catalysis material.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step: take 2g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 33mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 1 minute, then stirring reaction 12 hours under 25 ° of C, the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 2 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 20mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 20mL20mM, ultrasonic disperse 30 minutes, described ultrasonic power is 250W; Then 30mg SnCl is added successively
2, 200mg urea and the 0.1mL concentrated sulfuric acid, then stirring reaction 2 hours under 40 ° of C, mixing speed is 400r/m; By the product centrifugation obtained, then use ethanol eccentric cleaning 1 time, then at room temperature dry;
3rd step: take the product in 100mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 30mL isopropyl alcohol.Then 0.06mL dimethylene triamine is added, hand operated mixing 5 minutes, add 1mL isopropyl titanate again, continue hand operated mixing 2 minutes, then pour in water heating kettle by mixed solution, 120 ° of C react 12 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning 2 times, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: the 400 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step are calcined 3 hours, and heating rate is 2 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step: take 3g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 50mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 6 hours under 40 ° of C, the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 3 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 50mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 30mL50mM, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then adds 200mg SnCl successively
2, 400mg urea and 0.6mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), then stirring reaction 10 hours under 50 ° of C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 5 times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 200mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL ethanol.Then add 0.3mL dimethylene triamine, hand operated mixing 2 minutes, then add 5mL tetrabutyl titanate, continue hand operated mixing 4 minutes, then pour in water heating kettle by mixed solution, 150 ° of C react 10 hours.After reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning 2 times, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: the 400 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step are calcined 2 hours, and heating rate is 3 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step: take 2.5g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 41mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 10 minutes, then stirring reaction 6 hours under 80 ° of C, the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 5 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 300mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 80mL60mM, ultrasonic disperse 20 minutes, then adds 500mg SnCl successively
2, 500mg urea and 1mL concentrated hydrochloric acid, then stirring reaction 24 hours under 70 ° of C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 5 times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 1000mg second step, ultrasonic disperse, in 100mL ethylene glycol, then adds 1mL dimethylene triamine, hand operated mixing 4 minutes, add 5mL isopropyl titanate again, continue hand operated mixing two minutes, then pour in water heating kettle by mixed solution, 180 ° of C react 16 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning 3 times, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: the 450 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step are calcined 4 hours, and heating rate is 5 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
Embodiment four
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step: take 4g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 66mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 8 hours under 40 ° of C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 6 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 150mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 40mL50mM, ultrasonic disperse 10 minutes, then adds 300mg SnCl successively
2, 100mg urea and the 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid, then stirring reaction 3 hours under 80 ° of C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 3 times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 175mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL glycerine.Then 0.8mL dimethylene triamine is added, hand operated mixing 4 minutes, add 1.5mL isopropyl titanate again, continue hand operated mixing two minutes, then poured into by mixed solution in 50mL water heating kettle, 200 ° of C react 12 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and with ethanol eccentric cleaning both sides, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: the 450 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step are calcined 2 hours, and heating rate is 2 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
Embodiment five
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step: take 2g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 33mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 24 hours under 40 ° of C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 6 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 100mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 40mL20mM, ultrasonic disperse 10 minutes, then adds 100mg SnCl successively
2, 500mg urea and 0.5mL concentrated hydrochloric acid, then stirring reaction 6 hours under 60 ° of C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning three times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 100mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL isopropyl alcohol.Then 0.03mL dimethylene triamine is added, hand operated mixing 2 minutes, add 1.5mL isopropyl titanate again, continue hand operated mixing two minutes, then poured into by mixed solution in 50mL water heating kettle, 200 ° of C react 24 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and with ethanol eccentric cleaning both sides, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: the 450 ° of C in muffle furnace of the product in the 3rd step are calcined 2 hours, and heating rate is 1 ° of C min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
X-ray diffraction shows that product is made up of anatase titanium dioxide and rutile-type tin ash.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The first step: take organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, to add its mass ratio be the mass concentration of 1:10 ~ 100 is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 60 minute, then stirring reaction 2 ~ 24 hours at 20 ~ 80 DEG C, the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol washing obtained 1 ~ 6 time, described organic polymer nanotube is obtained by divinyl benzene crosslinked polymerization; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: the sulfonation organic polymer property management taking 10 ~ 500mg step one gained, joins in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of the 10 ~ 100mM of 10 ~ 100mL, ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 60 minute, and described ultrasonic power is 250W; Then 10 ~ 1000mg SnCl is added successively
2, 100 ~ 1000mg urea and 0.1 ~ 2mL strong acid, then stirring reaction 2 ~ 24 hours at 40 ~ 80 DEG C, mixing speed is 400r/m; By the product centrifugation obtained, then use ethanol eccentric cleaning 1 ~ 10 time, drying for standby;
3rd step: by the product ultrasonic disperse in second step in alcohols, described alcohols comprises ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and glycerine, the mass volume ratio of product and alcohols is 1:0.05 ~ 10, then the organic amine accounting for alcohols volume fraction 0.01% ~ 3.0% is added, stir 1 ~ 10 minute, add the titanium dioxide predecessor accounting for alcohols volume fraction 1% ~ 60% again, continue stirring two minutes, finally mixed solution is poured in water heating kettle, the filling rate of mixed solution in water heating kettle is 30% ~ 80%, water heating kettle was 120 ~ 200 DEG C of reactions 1 ~ 24 hour, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and with ethanol centrifuge washing twice, drying for standby, described ultrasonic power is 250W, mixing speed is 400r/m,
4th step: by the product in the 3rd step in muffle furnace 350 ~ 600 DEG C calcining 1 ~ 12 hour, heating rate is 0.5 ~ 5 DEG C of min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
2. the preparation method of a kind of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step: take 2g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 33mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 1 minute, then stirring reaction 12 hours at 25 DEG C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 2 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 20mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 20mL 20mM, ultrasonic disperse 30 minutes; Then 30mg SnCl is added successively
2, 200mg urea and the 0.1mL concentrated sulfuric acid, then stirring reaction 2 hours at 40 DEG C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 1 time, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 100mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 30mL isopropyl alcohol; Then add 0.06mL dimethylene triamine, stir 5 minutes, then add 1mL isopropyl titanate, continue stirring 2 minutes, then pour in water heating kettle by mixed solution, 120 DEG C are reacted 12 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning 2 times, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: by the product in the 3rd step in muffle furnace 400 DEG C calcining 3 hours, heating rate is 2 DEG C of min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
3. the preparation method of a kind of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step: take 3g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 50mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 6 hours at 40 DEG C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 3 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 50mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 30mL 50mM, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then adds 200mg SnCl successively
2, 400mg urea and 0.6mL red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), then stirring reaction 10 hours at 50 DEG C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 5 times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 200mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL ethanol; Then add 0.3mL dimethylene triamine, stir 2 minutes, then add 5mL tetrabutyl titanate, continue stirring 4 minutes, then pour in water heating kettle by mixed solution, 150 DEG C are reacted 10 hours; After reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning 2 times, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: by the product in the 3rd step in muffle furnace 400 DEG C calcining 2 hours, heating rate is 3 DEG C of min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
4. the preparation method of a kind of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step: take 4g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 66mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 8 hours at 40 DEG C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 6 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 150mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 40mL 50mM, ultrasonic disperse 10 minutes, then adds 300mg SnCl successively
2, 100mg urea and the 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid, then stirring reaction 3 hours at 80 DEG C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning 3 times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 175mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL glycerine; Then 0.8mL dimethylene triamine is added, stir 4 minutes, add 1.5mL isopropyl titanate again, continue stirring two minutes, then poured into by mixed solution in 50mL water heating kettle, 200 DEG C are reacted 12 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning twice, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: by the product in the 3rd step in muffle furnace 450 DEG C calcining 2 hours, heating rate is 2 DEG C of min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
5. the preparation method of a kind of heterojunction structure nano-photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step: take 2g organic polymer nanotube and put into flask, the mass concentration adding 33mL is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 98%, ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, then stirring reaction 24 hours at 40 DEG C, and the sulfonation organic polymer nanotube ethanol obtained washs 6 times; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
Second step: take the property management of 100mg sulfonation organic polymer, join in the mercaptoacetic acid solution of 40mL 20mM, ultrasonic disperse 10 minutes, then adds 100mg SnCl successively
2, 500mg urea and 0.5mL concentrated hydrochloric acid, then stirring reaction 6 hours at 60 DEG C, by the product centrifugation obtained, then uses ethanol eccentric cleaning three times, then at room temperature dries; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
3rd step: take the product in 100mg second step, ultrasonic disperse is in 40mL isopropyl alcohol; Then 0.03mL dimethylene triamine is added, stir 2 minutes, add 1.5mL isopropyl titanate again, continue stirring two minutes, then poured into by mixed solution in 50mL water heating kettle, 200 DEG C are reacted 24 hours, after reaction terminates, by product centrifugation, and by ethanol eccentric cleaning twice, at room temperature dry; Described ultrasonic power is 250W; Mixing speed is 400r/m;
4th step: by the product in the 3rd step in muffle furnace 450 DEG C calcining 2 hours, heating rate is 1 DEG C of min
-1; The white powder obtained is the hetero-junctions nano-photocatalyst material of tin dioxide nanometer tube and titanium dioxide nanoplate.
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