CN103228866B - Preventer blade assembly and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Techniques herein relate to the blade assembly of a kind of preventer, for shearing the pipeline of the well penetrating stratum.This preventer has housing, and this housing has by therein, for the hole of receiving pipeline.This blade assembly includes ram blocks, can move between unengaged position and bonding station at pipeline；The blade supported by ram blocks, is used for engaging pipeline with cutting；Retractible guiding piece, is supported by ram blocks and can be slidably moved into along ram blocks；And relieving mechanism, for optionally discharging guiding piece, to move, to allow blade to engage pipeline with cutting between guide position and the cutting position of blade rear one distance for engaging with pipeline.

Description

Preventer blade assembly and using method thereof

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

This application claims in the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/387805 of JIUYUE in 2010 submission on the 29th and in 2011 9 The rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application 13/247517 that the moon 28 was submitted to, the full content of each provisional application is as being incorporated by this Literary composition.

Technical field

The present invention generally relates to carry out the technology of wellsite operation.It more particularly relates to such as pipeline Centring means and/or the technology of preventer (BOP).

Background technology

Generally carry out oil field operation and with location and collect valuable downhole fluid.Oil rig can be positioned well site, than As the downhole tool of drilling tool etc can arrange entrance ground, to arrive subsurface reservoir.When downhole tool forms well to arrive the phase During the reservoir hoped, sleeve pipe just bonds in well and puts in place, completes well to start from reservoir production fluid.Pipeline or tubing string can be determined Position in the wellbore, to obtain underground fluid passage from reservoir to ground.

If underground fluid leaked when well discharges, then can cause great environmental threat.The device of such as preventer Material can be positioned on wellbore, is formed with pipeline in the wellbore and seals, in order to such as when fluid is brought to ground, anti- Fluid stopping body leaks.Preventer can have flashboard (ram) or flashboard cover cap (ram bonnet), the such as tubular type of alternative actuating Flashboard (contacting, engage and/or surround pipeline to seal well) or shear ram (contact physical shear pipeline), flashboard or lock Plate cover cap can be activated, to cut off and/or to seal the pipeline in well.United States Patent (USP)/application 3554278,4647002, 5025708,7051989,5575452,6374925,7798466,5735502,5897094 and 2009/0056132 lock is provided Some examples of plate preventer and/or ram blocks.Technology for cut pipe in preventer is had also been provided, such as the U.S. Patent 3946806,4043389,4313496,4132267,2752119,3272222,3744749,4523639,5056418, 5918851、5360061、4923005、4537250、5515916、6173770、3863667、6158505、4057887、 5515426, disclosed in 3955622,7234530 and 5013005.Some preventers can be provided with guiding piece, such as United States Patent (USP) 5400857, described in 7243713 and 7464765.

Although being developed for cutting the technology of pipeline, but remain a need for providing advanced technology more effectively to seal And/or cut-out pipeline.It is contemplated that complete these demands of this area.

Summary of the invention

At at least one aspect, this theme can relate to the blade assembly of a kind of preventer, for shearing the well penetrating stratum The pipeline of eye, described preventer has housing, and described housing has by therein, for the hole of receiving pipeline.Described blade Assembly includes that ram blocks, described ram blocks can move between unengaged position and bonding station at pipeline；By ram blocks The blade of supporting, is used for engaging with cutting described pipeline；Retractible guiding piece, is supported by ram blocks, and can be along ram blocks It is slidably moved into；And relieving mechanism, for optionally discharging guiding piece, with in the guiding for guiding the joint with pipeline Position and moving between the cutting position of blade rear one distance, to allow blade to engage pipeline with cutting.

The guide surface that can be applied to relieving mechanism by will be switched off power starts described relieving mechanism.Blade assembly can also wrap Include the trigger for starting relieving mechanism.Trigger can include the plunger being operatively connected to relieving mechanism.Plunger can Summit about guiding piece and/or the location of the guide surface along guiding piece.Plunger can include multiple contact.Described contact It is operatively coupled to a component via bar.This component is slidably located in the trigger raceway groove of guiding piece.Plunger can have There is at least one trigger guiding piece, in its at least one trigger slit being slidably located in guiding piece.

Relieving mechanism can include being operatively coupled to trigger, and is slidably located in the trigger raceway groove of guiding piece In component.Relieving mechanism can also include multiple biasing member, the component in supporting guide raceway groove；Multiple wedges, can By the movement of described component in guiding piece between locked position and unlocked position selectively moved；And/or it is multiple Projection, is supported by wedge, and can multiple paths along guiding piece selectively moved.Described path can draw with extending through The fluid communication of guiding element, to enable flow through wherein.Relieving mechanism can include can be adjacent to the lip of location, the edge of ram blocks Edge.Ram blocks can have the slope for receiving antelabium slidably.

Guiding piece can include multiple spring, and relieving mechanism can include the multiple breech locks being releasably connected to multiple spring (latch).Described breech lock is pivotably connected to ram blocks, to be selectively engaged multiple spring.

Ram blocks can have directing pin, and it can be received by the guide slit in guiding piece, to slide along mobile.Flashboard Block can have shoulder, to be sliding engaged described guiding piece.Guide surface can be recessed, has the summit along its center axis. Guide surface can have the Part I becoming first jiao with central axis and/or the Part II becoming second jiao with central axis.

On the other hand, this theme can relate to the preventer of a kind of pipeline for shearing the well penetrating stratum.This is prevented Spray apparatus can include housing and a pair blade assembly, and this housing has by therein, for the hole of receiving pipeline.Blade assembly is equal Can include ram blocks, it can move between unengaged position and bonding station at pipeline；The blade supported by ram blocks, Pipeline is engaged with cutting；Retractible guiding piece, is supported by ram blocks, and can be slidably moved into along ram blocks；And release Mechanism, for optionally discharging guiding piece, with at the guide position of the joint guided with pipeline be positioned at one, blade rear Move between the cutting position at the place of putting, to allow blade to engage pipeline with cutting.

Retractible guiding piece can have bag, for receiving the top of another the retractible guiding piece positioned corresponding thereto Portion.Preventer can also include at least one actuator, for activating the ram blocks in each blade assembly.Relieving mechanism can include The trigger started for it.Trigger can by with pipeline contact and/or with the contact start of another guiding piece.

Last the most on the other hand, this theme can relate to a kind of method of pipeline that shearing penetrates the well on stratum.The method Can relate to provide the device including housing and a pair blade assembly, this housing has by therein, for the hole of receiving pipeline.Cutter Chip module may each comprise ram blocks, the ram blocks blade supported, the ram blocks retractible guiding piece supported and release Mechanism.The method can further relate in pipeline mobile ram blocks between unengaged position and bonding station；Optionally release Put relieving mechanism；For guide the guide position with the joint of pipeline and be positioned at blade rear one distance cutting position it Between be slidably moved guiding piece, to allow blade to engage pipeline with cutting；And make pipeline engage with cutting with blade.

Optionally can discharge when applying breakaway.Optionally include that antelabium is moved on the slope along ram blocks； Unclamp guiding piece；Trigger relieving mechanism；And/or between locked position and unlocked position, move relieving mechanism.The method can Further relate to be guided at the desired locations to preventer by pipeline by guiding piece.

In certain aspects of the invention, it is provided that a kind of preventer, including:

Guiding piece, is arranged in ram blocks, for guiding pipeline towards the cutting in preventer and/or clipped position；

It is positioned to the mechanism for detection when described pipeline arrives described cutting and/or clipped position；And

For cutting/shear the blade of pipeline；

Layout is such, in use, when described mechanism detects that described pipeline arrives described cutting and/or shears position When putting, described blade is only operable to cut/shear described pipeline.In certain embodiments, guiding piece can rest on and pipeline The position of contact, blade cuts/shears pipeline simultaneously.In a further embodiment, blade just with tube contacts before or Afterwards, guiding piece collapsible away from the contacting of pipeline.In either case, before can cutting/shear pipeline at blade When guiding piece is pushed against on pipeline, there is biasing and/or breakaway that a ram blocks must pull against.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The enforcement shown in the accompanying drawings of the reference present invention illustrates in greater detail the present invention summarized above, thus Features described above and the advantage of the present invention are understood in detail.It is noted, however, that the example that accompanying drawing only illustrates the present invention is implemented Example, therefore, is not regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention, because the disclosure can include other equally valid embodiment.Accompanying drawing is not Must be drawn to scale, and in order to clear and concise, some feature of accompanying drawing and some view are shown as and the most schematically expand Greatly.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram in the well site, coastal waters with preventer (BOP), and this preventer has blade assembly.

Fig. 2 is the preventer of Fig. 1 schematic diagram before starting blowout preventer operator, and part is viewgraph of cross-section.

Fig. 3-6 is each schematic diagram of a part for the blade assembly with blade and pipeline certering system of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7-17 is the schematic diagram of a part for the cross section of the preventer 104 7-7 along the line intercepting of Fig. 2, it is shown that set of blades Part cuts off pipeline.

Figure 18-22 is the schematic top view of each blade assembly with breech lock relieving mechanism.

Figure 23-24 is the schematic top view of each blade assembly of the relieving mechanism with flip-flop toggle.

Figure 25 A-25B is the schematic top view of the blade assembly with flip-flop toggle wedge shape relieving mechanism.

Figure 26 A-26B is that the schematic top of the blade assembly of many contacts wedge shape relieving mechanism with flip-flop toggle regards Figure.

Figure 27 A-27B is that the schematic top of the blade assembly of many contacts wedge shape relieving mechanism with flip-flop toggle regards Figure.

Figure 28 is the flow chart of the method illustrating the pipeline for shearing well.

Detailed description of the invention

Following description includes the job sequence of the technology of example devices, method, technology and embodiment present subject matter.So And it should be understood that described embodiment can be implemented in the case of not having these specific detail.

Techniques herein relate to the blade assembly for preventer.These blade assemblies be configured to provide pipeline centering and Shear ability.Retractible guiding piece and/or relieving mechanism can be used for targeted duct during shearing.Expect to provide for cutting The technology of targeted duct before disconnected pipeline.It is also expected to such technology can be performed on the pipeline of arbitrary dimension, such as those tools It is up to about 8₁₂Inch (21.59cm) or the pipeline of larger diameter.Such technology can relate in following content or many Individual, wherein: targeted duct, effective part replacement, the abrasion reduced on blade, to need less power to cut off pipeline, effectively Cut-out and less for the maintenance time of part replacement.

Fig. 1 illustrates the well site, coastal waters 100 of the blade assembly 102 having in the housing 105 being positioned at preventer (BOP) 104.Cutter Chip module 102 may be configured to be centered in preventer 104 by pipeline 106 before or while cutting off pipeline 106.Pipeline 106 can It is fed through preventer 104, enters in the well 108 penetrating stratum.Preventer 104 can be located on sea bed 112 A part for submarine system 110.Submarine system 110 can also include the pipeline (or pipe) 106 from well 108 extension, around well The well head 114 of eye 108, the conduit 116 extended from well 108 and other underwater units, such as stripper (stripper) With induction system (not shown).

Blade assembly 102 can have at least one pipeline certering system 118 and at least one blade 120.Pipeline centering is System 118 may be configured to be centered in preventer 104 before blade 120 engages pipeline 106 and/or simultaneously by pipeline 106, as follows Discussed in more detail.Pipeline certering system 118 could be attached to blade 120, or moves together with blade 120, thus allows In the case of not using additional actuated device or need not machine preventer 104 body, pipeline 106 is felt relieved.

Although well site, coastal waters 100 is shown as seabed operation, it should be appreciated that, well site 100 can based on land or water, Blade assembly 102 can be used for any well site environment.Pipeline 106 could be for by under instrument in well 108 any properly Pipeline and/or means of transport, such as some downhole tool, pipe, sleeve pipe, drilling pipe, bushing pipe (liner), flexible pipe, production oil Pipe, logging cable, slick line or other be positioned at the pipe element in well and associated components, associated components is such as to bore Ring, tool joint, drill bit, logging instrument, packer etc. (referring to " pipeline " or " tubing string " herein).

Ground system 122 can be used for making the operation at well site, coastal waters 100 convenient.Ground system 122 can include boring tower 124, platform 126 (or boats and ships) and ground controller 128.Additionally, one or more underwater manipulator 130 also can be there is.Although Ground controller 128 is illustrated within a part for the ground system 122 of ground location, and underwater manipulator 130 is illustrated within A part for the submarine system 110 of submarine site, it should be appreciated that, one or more ground controllers 128 and under water Controller 130 can be located at diverse location, to control ground and/or submarine system.

In order to operate blade assembly 102 and/or other device being associated with well site 100, ground controller 128 and/or Underwater manipulator 130 may be positioned such that and communicates with each other.It is positioned at the ground controller 128 in well site 100, underwater manipulator 130 and/or appoints What device can connect via one or more communication links 132.Communication link 132 can be any suitable communication system and/ Or device, such as underground, pneumatic circuit, wiring, optical fiber, telemetry communication, sound communication, radio communication, their group any Close.Can altered automatically, manually and/or optionally operate via ground controller 128 and/or underwater manipulator 130 and be positioned at The blade assembly 102 in well site 100, preventer 104 and/or other device.

Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic cross-sectional view of the preventer 104 of Fig. 1, and this preventer has blade assembly 102 and seals Assembly 200.As indicated, preventer 104 has the hole 202 of the central axis 204 through preventer 104.Hole 202 may be used for connecing Closed tube road 106.Preventer 104 can have one or more raceway groove 206, is used for receiving blade assembly 102 and/or black box 200.As indicated, there are two raceway grooves 206, one has blade assembly 102 wherein, and another has black box wherein 200.Despite two raceway grooves 206, it should be appreciated that, can there is any number of raceway groove 206 to accommodate any amount Blade assembly 102 and/or black box 200.Raceway groove 206 may be configured to toward and away from pipeline 106 radially guiding blade Assembly 102 and/or black box 200.

Preventer 104 can allow pipeline 106 such as inserting (run in), holing, pass during the normal operating such as well logging Preventer 104.In the case of disturbance (upset), pressure oscillation or other trigger event, preventer 104 can cut off pipeline 106 And/or seal hole 202 to prevent fluid from discharging from well 108.Although preventer 104 is shown as having specific structure, It should be appreciated that, preventer 104 can have various shape, and can have other device, such as sensor (not shown). United States Patent (USP) 5735502 describes the example of the preventer that can use, and this entire contents of US patents is incorporated herein by Herein.

Blade assembly 102 can have pipeline certering system 118 and the blade 120 being all fixed to ram blocks 208.Each flashboard Block 208 may be configured to keep (and supporting) blade 120 and/or pipeline certering system when blade 120 moves in preventer 104 118.Ram blocks 208 can be connected to actuator 210 via flashboard axis 212, with moving blade assembly 102 in raceway groove 206.Activate Device 210 may be configured to make flashboard axis 212 and ram blocks 208 (or to connect in operation (or disengaged) position as shown in Figure 2 and activating Close) move between position, at actuated position, ram blocks 208 has engaged and/or has cut off pipeline 106 and/or sealed hole 202.Activate Device 210 can be any suitable actuator, such as hydraulic actuator, pneumatic actuator, servo etc..Except pipeline centering is System 118 or the alternative as pipeline certering system 118, black box 200 can also be used for making pipeline 106 feel relieved.

Fig. 3 is the perspective schematic view of a part for blade assembly 102, and this blade assembly has blade 120 and pipeline is fixed Feel concerned about system 118.Blade 120 and pipeline certering system 118 are supported by one of ram blocks 208.It should be appreciated that, another can be had Individual ram blocks 208 keeps another blade 120 interoperable and/or pipeline certering system 118, as shown in Figure 2.As institute Showing, blade 120 is configured with heterogeneous shearing to cut off pipeline 106.Blade 120 can have point of puncture 300 and one or more Groove 302 along blade abutting end.And, can be used in blade assembly 102 for cutting off any suitable blade of pipeline 106, Blade disclosed in such as United States Patent (USP) 7367396,7814979,8066070,8424607,8720564 and/or 8720565, this All the elements of a little patents are as being incorporated herein by reference.

Pipeline certering system 118 may be configured to pipeline 106 be positioned at the central position of preventer 104 (such as Fig. 2 institute Show).Middle position is such position, and wherein, point of puncture 300 can be directed at the middle body 304 of pipeline 106.In central authorities position Putting, point of puncture 300 can be pierced the duct wall 306 of adjacent conduit 106 middle body 304 of pipeline 106.In order to make point of puncture 300 Pierce through pipeline 106 as expected, need to be felt relieved by pipeline 106 before or while pipeline 106 bonded blade 120.

As it is shown on figure 3, pipeline certering system 118 can have retractible guiding piece 308, this guiding piece is configured to compare blade 120 first engage pipeline 106.Guiding piece 308 can have for engaging pipeline 106 also when ram blocks 208 moves towards pipeline 106 Pipeline 106 is made to move any suitable shape of (promotion) towards middle position.As indicated, guiding piece 308 be bending, recessed or C-shaped, surface 310 has summit 312, and this summit abutting end on surface 310 is along the middle body on surface 310 and point of puncture 300 are directed at substantially.When ram blocks 208 makes blade assembly 102 move radially towards pipeline 106, curved surface 310 is than cutter Sheet 120 first engages pipeline 106.Curved surface 310 can by ram blocks 208 be successively radially moved towards summit 312 guiding tube Road, until pipeline 106 neighbouring vertices 312.

Pipeline certering system 118 can have one or more biasing member 314 and/or one or more frangible component (frangible member)316.Biasing member 314 and/or frangible component 316 may be configured to when blade 120 continues towards pipe When road 106 moves and/or engages pipeline 106, it is allowed to guiding piece 308 subsides (collapse) relative to blade 120 and/or moves Dynamic.Therefore, the engageable pipeline of guiding piece 308 106 be aligned with the middle position (as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2) of preventer 104. When blade 120 connects together-cutting pipeline 106, biasing member 314 or frangible component 316 can then allow for guiding piece 308 and move. Biasing member 314 or frangible component 316 can be used for allowing guiding piece 308 to move relative to blade 120.And, biasing member 314 With frangible component 316 can together be used as redundant system, to guarantee to damage ram blocks 208.Use biasing member 314 together In the case of frangible component 316, biasing member 314 can need directed force to move guiding piece 308, and this directed force is more than separating (break) directed force needed for frangible component 316.

Biasing member 314 can be any suitable device, and it is in the case of ram blocks 208 successively radially moves Guiding piece 308 is allowed to make pipeline 106 feel relieved and move relative to blade 120.The bias force produced by biasing member 314 can be enough Greatly to maintain guiding piece 308 to be in guide position, until pipeline 106 is centered at summit 312.Continuous by ram blocks 208 Mobile, bias force can be overcome.Then, when blade 120 continues to move towards pipeline 106 and/or move through pipeline 106, Biasing member 314 can allow guiding piece 308 to move relative to blade 120.When ram blocks 208 towards operating position (such as Fig. 2 institute Show) it is moved rearwards by and/or when pipeline 106 is cut off, biasing member 314 can make guiding piece 308 shift to initial position, such as Fig. 3 Shown in.Biasing member 314 could be for biasing any suitable device of guiding piece 308, such as leaf spring, elastomeric material, volume Spring etc..

Frangible component 316 could be for allowing guiding piece 308 to make pipeline 106 centering and subsequently from blade 120 disengaging Any suitable device.Frangible component 316 can allow guiding piece 308 to be centered in preventer 104 by pipeline 106.Once pipeline 106 centering, ram blocks 208 towards pipeline 106 continue to move to can increase the power on frangible component 316, until reach breakaway Till.When reaching breakaway, frangible component 316 is separable, thus allows when blade 120 engages and/or pierce through pipeline 106 Guiding piece 308 moves or keeps static.Frangible component 316 could be for allowing guiding piece to depart from blade when reaching breakaway Any appropriate device of 120, such as shear pin etc..

Fig. 4 is the alternative view of a part for the blade assembly 102 of Fig. 3.As indicated, guiding piece 308 has in radial direction side Upwards with the summit 312 of point of puncture 300 distance D.Pipeline certering system 118 can be located at the top 400 of blade 120, thus The relative blade 120 (as shown in Figure 2) near-end by blade 120 is allowed when cutting off pipeline 106.Relative blade 120 can There is the pipeline certering system 118 being positioned at bottom blade 120 402.Ram blocks 208 can be structured to support blade 120 and/or Any suitable ram blocks of pipeline certering system 118.

Fig. 5 is another view of a part for the blade assembly 102 of Fig. 3.As indicated, pipeline certering system 118 can have Relieving mechanism (or antelabium) 500, it is configured to maintain guiding piece 308 to be in guide position, as shown.Antelabium 500 can be to use In any suitable end (upset) or the shoulder that engage ram blocks surface 502.Antelabium 500 can maintain guiding piece 308 to be in draw Leading position, until arriving summit 312 due to pipeline 106, the power in guiding piece 308 becomes big, and till reaching breakaway.Flashboard The continuing to move to of block 208 can make antelabium 500 deform from ram blocks 502 and/or shift.Then, when guiding piece 308 is relative to blade During 120 displacement, antelabium 500 can be advanced along the slope 504 of ram blocks 208.

Fig. 6 is another view of the blade assembly 102 of Fig. 4.Pipeline certering system 118 display is in guide position.Drawing Leading position, guiding piece 308 does not move and/or come off (break off), and is positioned at the top at blade 120 top 400.Antelabium 500 can engage with ram blocks surface 502, for supporting guide part 308 extraly.

Fig. 7-17 is the schematic diagram of a part for the cross section of the preventer 104 7-7 along the line intercepting of Fig. 2, it is shown that set of blades Part 102 cuts off (shearing) pipeline 106.Fig. 7 illustrates the preventer 104 being in initial operative position.Blade assembly 102 includes For engaging a pair of pipeline 106 relative pipe cutting system 118A and 118B, blade 120A and 120B and ram blocks 208AA and 208BB.As shown in every width figure, this to relative blade assembly 102 (and they corresponding cutting system 118A, 118B and blade 120A, 120B) it is shown as identical, and symmetrical about preventer, but selectively there is different structure (ratios As shown in this article).

At operating position, pipeline 106 can freely travel the hole 202 by preventer 104, and performs wellsite operation.Lock Plate 208AA and 208BB retracts from hole 202, and guiding piece 308AA and 308BB of pipeline certering system 118A and 118B can be radially It is positioned to than blade 120A and 120B closer to pipeline 106.Blade assembly 102 is positively retained at this position, during until expectation activates Till, such as after disturbance occurs.When disturbance occurs, with actuated blade assembly 102, and operation can be begun to switch off.

Pipe cutting system 118A, 118B, blade 120A, 120B and ram blocks 208AA, BB can be with such as Fig. 3's-6 Pipe cutting system 118, blade 120 are identical with ram blocks 208.Make cutting system 118B, blade 120B and ram blocks 208BB top Fall, relatively to interact with cutting system 118A, blade 120B and ram blocks 208BB (being shown as stand up position).Blade 120A (or top blade) can be structured to face up or travel at blade 120B (bottom blade) blade 120 (as Shown in Fig. 2), blade 120B can with Fig. 2 to be configured to ventricumbent blade 120 identical.

Fig. 8 illustrates the blade assembly 102 beginning to switch off operation.As indicated, ram blocks 208AA can make blade 120A and pipeline In certering system 118A shift-in hole 202, and move towards to pipeline 106.Although Fig. 7-17 illustrate upper blade 120A (with And ram blocks 208AA and pipe certering system 118A) first move, but first lower blade 120B can move, or blade 120A and 120B can move simultaneously.When ram blocks 208AA moves, guiding piece 308AA engages pipeline 106.

Fig. 9 illustrates the blade assembly 102 when beginning through guiding piece 308AA and making pipeline 106 feel relieved.Work as ram blocks 208AA continues to make blade 120A and pipeline certering system 118A towards when radially moving of preventer 104, guiding piece 308AA starts to make pipeline 106 feel relieved.Pipeline 106 can advance along the curved surface 310A of guiding piece 308AA towards summit 312A (in the way of as the curved surface 310 and summit 312 of Fig. 3).When pipeline 106 advances along curved surface 310A, pipeline The position at 106 centers being moved closer to hole 202, as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 11 illustrate when pipeline 106 continue towards the summit 312A of curved surface 310A along guiding piece 308AA advance and Blade assembly 102 when another blade 120B (or bottom blade) activated.Blade 120B can be subsequently towards the center in hole 202 Travel radially to engage pipeline 106.

Figure 12 illustrates when guiding piece 308AA and 308BB all engages pipeline 106 and continues to make pipeline 106 feel relieved towards pipeline Blade assembly 102 when summit 312A and 312B of system 118A and 118B moves.When ram blocks 208AA and 208BB continue to make When blade 120A and 120 moves towards the center of preventer 104, curved surface 310A and curved surface 310B can be by pipeline 106 Clamp-on between pipeline certering system 118A and 118B.

Figure 13 illustrates and is centered in preventer 104 pipe that point of puncture 300A and 300B with blade 120A and 120B is directed at Road 106.In the case of pipeline 106 is centered between guiding piece 308AA and 308BB, ram blocks 208AA and the continuation of 208BB Move radially the power that will increase in pipeline certering system 118A and 118B.

Power in pipeline certering system 118A and 118B rises to overcome bias force and/or reached breakaway Only.When ram blocks 208AA and 208BB continue to move to, guiding piece 308AA and/or 308BB can subsequently relative to blade 120A and 120B moves or keeps static.Bias force and/or breakaway for pipeline certering system 118A with 118B can be identical, or One is higher than another, thus allows at least one in blade 120A and/or 120B to engage pipeline 106.

Figure 14 illustrates that blade 120A is just piercing through pipeline 106.Blade 120A moves relative to guiding piece 308AA, thus permits Permitted point of puncture 300A and extended through guiding piece 308AA, and pierced through pipeline 106.Pipe for blade 120B (or bottom blade) Road certering system 118B can still engage with blade 120B, thus allow guiding piece 308BB when point of puncture 300A pierces through pipeline 106 Pipeline 106 is held in place.

Figure 15 illustrates that blade 120A and 120B is piercing through pipeline 106.Pipeline certering system 118B is relative to blade 120B (bottom blade) is mobile, thus allows point of puncture 300B to extend through guiding piece 308BB, and pierces through pipeline 106.

Figure 16 illustrates when ram blocks 208AA and 208BB move radially in raceway groove 206 relative to one another, blade 120A and 120B continues to shear pipeline 106.Top blade 120A is shown as above a part for bottom blade 120B passing through.Should Mobile proceed to pipeline 106 cut-off till, as shown in figure 17.

Figure 18-27B illustrate can be used as blade assembly 102 described herein, 102A, 102B and ram blocks 208, The blade assembly 102a-j of 208AA, 208BB and the multi-form of ram blocks 208a-j.Blade assembly 102a-j can be with herein Previous blade assembly be similar to, except blade assembly 102a-j includes guiding piece 308a-j and the machine for releasing that will describe herein Outside structure 1840-2740.Relieving mechanism 1840-2740 can be used for discharging guiding piece 308a-j, with in the guiding position engaging pipeline Put and move (similar with the movement described by Figure 12-17) between the cutting position of blade abutting end rear one distance. Guiding piece 308a can be positioned on the opposite sides of pipeline 106, be engaged with each other (similar with the position shown in Fig. 7-17).Guiding piece 308a-j can be provided with bag 1831, for receiving the top 1829 of counterguides 308.

Figure 18 illustrates the blade assembly 102a of guiding piece 308a including being supported by ram blocks 208a.Ram blocks 308a can have There is the rear end 1837 that can be engaged by flashboard (not shown), to engage mobile lock between unengaged position around pipeline 106 Plate 208a.Guiding piece 308a has anterior 1832, and outside 1833 and inner spring 1834 extend from front portion.Outside 1833 by flashboard Block 208a slideably received within, spring 1834 is therebetween.Ram blocks 208a can be provided with the outer shoulder 1835 of lifting, is used for sliding Ground engaging external 1833.

Inner spring raceway groove 1836 extends in the guiding piece 308a between each outside 1833 and spring 1834.Guide raceway groove 1838 extend, to allow to move betwixt between inner spring 1834.Ram blocks 208a has can be slided by inner spring raceway groove 1836 The shoulder 1842 of the lifting received, to guide the movement of guiding piece 308a dynamicly along ram blocks 208a.Inner spring raceway groove 1836 He The shape of the shoulder 1842 of lifting can be made and slidably engage.Ram blocks 208a can be additionally provided with can by guiding raceway groove 1838 The directing pin 1839 received slidably, to guide the movement of guiding piece 308a along ram blocks 208a.

Relieving mechanism 1840 is the breech lock 1840 of the shoulder 1842 of the lifting being pivotally mounted to ram blocks 208a.Breech lock 1840 can be provided with spring (not shown), to overcome inner spring 1834 to shift breech lock onto make position, to prevent guiding piece 308a from moving Dynamic.Breech lock 1840 and inner spring 1834 can be respectively provided with shoulder 1843,1844, to be engaged with each other.

On startup, the non-locked position that breech lock 1840 moves to away from inner spring 1834 pivotly, thus allow to draw Guiding element 308a moves.Guiding piece 308a optionally can be retracted along ram blocks 208a by the release of breech lock 1840.By by foot Enough power (such as breakaway) is applied to guiding piece 308a and the startup of breech lock 1840 can be occurred to discharge spring 1834.When needed, Other manually, automatically, machinery, electronics or other startup can be used for optionally discharging breech lock 1840.

The most as shown in figure 18, guiding piece 308a can have recessed guide surface 1810, is used for engaging pipeline.Recessed guide surface 1810 summits 1812 can with the central axis X along guiding piece 308a.First of the neighbouring vertices 1812 of guide surface 1810 Points 1815 can be to become first jiao of α with central axis X₁Extend.The Part II 1817 of guide surface 1810 can be from Part I To become second jiao of α with central axis X₂Extend.

Figure 19 illustrates another blade assembly 102b with the guiding piece 308b being slidably moved along ram blocks 208b.Cutter Chip module 102b is similar with blade assembly 102a, except the guiding raceway groove 1938 between inner spring 1934 is shorter, and the outer shoulder of lifting Portion 1935 reduces and the alteration of form of ram blocks 208b.The guiding raceway groove 1938 and/or the spring raceway groove 1936 that shorten can have Given length, to limit the guiding piece 308b travel distance along ram blocks 208b.The rear end 1937 of ram blocks 208b can quilt It is adjusted to receive flashboard (not shown).Shoulder 1942 and breech lock 1940 may be positioned to mate the shape of rear end 1937.Such as Figure 19 institute The rear end 1937 shown is flat, can engage flashboard with receiving.

The blade assembly 102c of Figure 20 is identical with the blade assembly 102b of Figure 19 with ram blocks 208c, except its part by Hardening is with wear-resisting.Contact surface along inner spring 2034 and breech lock 2040 applies coating 2050.Coating 2050 can be to apply Any hardened material (such as titanium nitride or TN), to promote interaction therebetween and wear-resisting.

Figure 21 illustrates the blade assembly 102d with the guiding piece 308d supported by ram blocks 208d.Guiding piece 308d and figure The blade assembly 102b of 19 is identical, except the width W of inner spring 2134 widens, and spring raceway groove 2036, shoulder 2042 and breech lock 2040 narrow.Width of the spring W may be selected to provide for the desired flexibility interacted with breech lock 2040.Inner spring 2134 Width W may be selected to provide desired hardness, thus limits the disconnection starting breech lock 2040 needed for release guiding piece 308d Power.

Figure 22 illustrates the blade assembly 102e with guiding piece 308e.Blade assembly 102e is similar with blade assembly 102d, Except guiding piece 308e has inner spring 2234 and outer spring 2235, there is spring raceway groove 2236 between the two.Outer spring 2235 is fixed , between each inner spring 2234 and outside 2232, there is outer spring raceway groove 2238 position therebetween.

Double breech locks 2240 are positioned in the spring raceway groove 2236 between inner spring 2234 and outer spring 2235.Double breech locks 2240 There is recess 2242 on both sides thereof, for engage be positioned at side inner spring 2234 and on opposed sides thereof outside Spring 2235.Can discharge from breech lock 2240 to guiding piece 308e, inner spring 2234 and outer spring 2235 by applying breakaway.

When release, double breech locks 2240 are sliding engaged inner spring 2234 and outer spring 2235, to provide guiding piece 308e Slip along ram blocks 208e.The most as shown in figure 22, spring raceway groove 2238 has the shape of change, to meet double breech lock 2240 The shape of change.

Figure 23-27B illustrates each blade assembly 102f-j, and they include the guiding piece with relieving mechanism 2340-2740 308f-j.Blade assembly 102f-j and guiding piece 308f-j can be similar with previously described blade assembly and guiding piece, except cutter Chip module 102f-j is provided with various trigger 2360-2760, to start each relieving mechanism 2340-2740 specifically described herein.

As shown in figure 23, blade assembly 102f have the guiding piece 308f that is slidably located in around ram blocks 208f and Trigger 2360 along guide surface 2310.Directing pin 2362 in ram blocks 208f can be received by travel slot 2364, to guide Guiding piece 308f is along the traveling of ram blocks 208f.Guiding piece 308f is additionally provided with trigger raceway groove 2366, to receive relieving mechanism 2340。

Trigger 2360 includes spring plunger 2368, and it extends beyond the summit of guide surface 2310 of guiding piece 308f 2312 1 distances.Plunger 2368 is connected to component 2372 by bar 2370.Component 2372 in trigger raceway groove 2366 in response to The power being applied to plunger 2368 is slidably located between guide position and cutting position.Directing pin 2367 is positioned at ram blocks In 208f, with slideably received within component 2372.

Relieving mechanism 2340 including a pair wedge is positioned in trigger raceway groove 2366, is positioned at the two of component 2372 Side.Component 2372 has the shoulder 2374 of the lifting being positioned at its both sides, with engaged wedge thing 2340.It is positioned at wedge 2340 In the case of on the shoulder 2374 of lifting, wedge 2340 moves into the locked position in trigger raceway groove 2366.Trigger raceway groove 2366 have wide portion 2376, are used for allowing wedge 2340 to stretch out to be locked at trigger raceway groove 2366 along shoulder 2377 In.In the case of wedge 2340 is located remotely from the shoulder 2374 of lifting along component 2372, wedge 2340 shifts to trigger Unlocked position in raceway groove 2366.At unlocked position, wedge 2340 shifts to the narrow portion 2378 of trigger raceway groove 2366.

When applying power along plunger 2368, trigger 2360 can be started.Such power can be applied for pipeline and be pressed against plunger On 2368.Once starting, the power being applied to plunger just transfers to component 2372 via bar 2370.Component 2372 translates so that wedge The shape thing 2340 locked position from the shoulder 2374 of component 2372 shifts to the non-locking position of the shoulder 2374 away from component 2372 Putting, the wide portion 2376 of slave flipflop raceway groove 2366 shifts to narrow portion 2378.At unlocked position, guiding piece 308f can be relative to lock Plate 208f is freely slidably moved between guide position and cutting position.

As shown in figure 24, blade assembly 102g has the guiding piece 308g being slidably located in around ram blocks 208g. Blade assembly 102g is similar with blade assembly 102f, except having along the trigger 2460 of guide surface 2410 and being slidably positioned Component 2472 in trigger raceway groove 2466.Trigger 2460 includes plunger 2468 and trigger guiding piece 2482, plunger 2468 have the trigger surface 2480 along guide surface 2410, and trigger guiding piece 2482 extends into the triggering in guiding piece 308g In device slit 2484.Trigger surface 2480 provides the contact surface extended, with along guide surface 2410 by pipeline and/or relative Ram blocks and/or guiding piece start.

Component 2472 extends from plunger 2468, enters trigger raceway groove 2466.Component 2472 is by biasing member 2486 Support is in trigger raceway groove 2466.Predetermined resistance can be applied to the movement of component 2472 by biasing member.Component 2472 is slidably Be positioned in trigger raceway groove 2466, to engage relieving mechanism (or wedge) 2440.Trigger raceway groove 2466 has width portion 2476, for when on the shoulder 2474 being positioned along component 2472, make wedge 2469 move to locked position.Trigger raceway groove 2466 also have narrow portion 2478, for when being located remotely from the shoulder 2474 along component 2472, make wedge 2440 move to non-lock Tight position.Directing pin 2467 is positioned in ram blocks 208g, for slideably received within component 2472.

Figure 25 A and 25B illustrates the schematic top view of blade assembly 102h, and this blade assembly includes being slidably located in Guiding piece 308h in ram blocks 208h and blade 120.Figure 25 A illustrates the guiding piece 308h thereon with guided plate 2586. Figure 25 B illustrates the guiding piece 308h of the internal part removing guided plate 2586 to appear blade 120 and guiding piece 308h.Set of blades The blade assembly 102g of part 102h with Figure 24 is similar, is connected to the post of component 2572 via bar 2510 except trigger 2560 has Plug 2568.Component 2572 is slidably moved in trigger raceway groove 2566, to start relieving mechanism (or wedge) 2540.

Wedge 2540 is attached to component 2572 by magnet 2584.When plunger 2568 is by being applied to sufficient force thereon And when starting, wedge 2540 optionally extends.Once start, component 2572 is retracted, and wedge is from as shown in fig. 25 a Locked position shifts to the unlocked position shown in Figure 25 B.At the locked position of Figure 25 A, wedge 2540 has and extends from it Finger 2590, with engagement member 2572.In this position, component 2572 is locked, and can not move, until starting plunger 2568 Till.At the unlocked position of Figure 25 B, the finger 2590 of wedge 2540 moves on to the position above component 2572.Wedge shape Thing 2540 has projection 2583, and in the passage 2569 in ram blocks 208h of the projection position slidably, component 2572 can be certainly Retracted by ground.At this unlocked position, guiding piece 308h can be retracted to cutting position so that blade 120 extends beyond plunger 2568, to cut pipeline.

Figure 26 A and 26B illustrates the schematic top view of blade assembly 102i, and this blade assembly includes being slidably located in Guiding piece 308i in ram blocks 208i and blade 120.Figure 26 A illustrates the guiding piece 308i thereon with guided plate 2686. Figure 26 B illustrates the guiding piece 308i of the internal part removing guided plate 2686 to appear blade 120 and guiding piece 308i.Set of blades The blade assembly 102g of part 102i and Figure 25 A and 25B is similar, is connected to structure except trigger 2660 includes having via bar 2610 The plunger 2668 of three contacts 2673,2675 of part 2672.Component 2672 is slidably moved in trigger raceway groove 2667, To start relieving mechanism (or wedge) 2640.

Central contact 2673 has the lateral contact 2675 being positioned at its both sides, to provide many for applying breakaway Individual contact point.Contact 2673,2675 is connected to component 2672 by bar 2610, to provide for the trigger in ram blocks 208i The rock-steady structure smoothly slided in raceway groove 2667.Component 2672 also has step 2665, and its offer is positioned at trigger raceway groove The direct retainer facing to guiding piece 208i (a positive stop) in 2667.Wedge 2640 has projection 2683, its Path 2669 is advanced in the way of identical with the wedge 2540 and projection 2583 of Figure 25 A and 25B.

Figure 27 A and 27B illustrates the schematic top view of blade assembly 102j, and this blade assembly includes being slidably located in Guiding piece 308j in ram blocks 208j and blade 120.Figure 27 A illustrates the guiding piece 308j thereon with guided plate 2786. Figure 27 B illustrates the guiding piece 308j of the internal part removing guided plate 2786 to appear blade 120 and guiding piece 308i.Set of blades The blade assembly 102i of part 102j and Figure 26 A and 26B is similar, is slidably located in guiding piece except ram blocks 208j has Directing pin 2784 in guide slit 2785, path 2769 is in fluid communication with pipeline 2792, for fluid passage wherein, Trigger 2760 and component 2772 have the shape of change.Path 2769 can be provided for discharging the fluid of such as mud, fluid Can be blocked in blade assembly 102j.Trigger 2760 has plunger 2768, and plunger has and is connected to three of component 2772 and connects Contact element, for starting relieving mechanism (or wedge) 2740 in the way of similar with the trigger 2660 of Figure 26 A and 26B.Such as figure Shown in 27A, in contact 2775 extends through guided plate 2786, and enters bag 2731, with by relative with another The top contact of guiding piece and start.

Operation as described in Fig. 7-27B illustrates particular order and/or the structure of blade, guiding piece and parts thereof of movement. The order of movement and structure can change.Such as, blade and/or guiding piece can or advance with different order simultaneously.Each trigger, Relieving mechanism and/or guiding piece can be set to obtain the expectation of guiding piece during shearing manipulation and move.

Figure 28 illustrates the method 2800 of the pipeline of the well of the well 108 shearing such as Fig. 1.The method relates to step 2895: provide include housing and a pair blade assembly (the every pair of blade assembly include ram blocks, the blade supported by ram blocks, by Ram blocks supporting retractible guiding piece and relieving mechanism) preventer, this housing has that pass through, for receiving The hole of pipeline.Described method further relates to: step 2896, i.e. move between unengaged position and bonding station at pipeline Ram blocks；Step 2897, i.e. optionally discharge relieving mechanism；Step 2898, i.e. at the joint for guiding and pipeline It is slidably moved retractible guiding piece, to allow blade between the cutting position of guide position and blade rear one distance Cutting ground engages pipeline；And step 2899, i.e. engage with making blade and pipe cutting.Can also perform extra step, such as Retracting blade and/or guiding piece, and step can be repeated when necessary.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, technology disclosed herein can be via being configured with the algorithm performing desired function Software and implement the application for automatization/spontaneous.These aspects can be by having the one or more of suitable hardware Suitably the computer programming of general objectives and implement.Programming can be deposited by one or more programs that processor is readable by using Storage device, and by completing being encoded by the executable one or more instruction repertories of computer, to perform at this Operation described in.Program storage device can use the most one or more floppy disk, CD ROM or other CD, read only memory And other it is well known that the form that maybe will develop (ROM).Instruction repertorie can be " object code ", i.e. can by computer or Many or few binary form directly performed；Can be " source code ", need coding or decoding before execution；Or some middle shapes Formula, such as partial compilation code.The precise forms of the coding of program storage device and instruction is here immaterial.The present invention Aspect be also configured to original place individually and/or via extend communication network (the most wireless, the Internet, satellite etc.) remotely control System ground performs (via suitable hardware/software) described function.

Although describing embodiment with reference to many embodiments and Development Finance it should be appreciated that, these embodiments Being illustrative, the scope of present subject matter is not limited thereto.Many can be carried out change, revise, add and improve.Example As, the various combination of blade (the most identical or different), guiding piece, trigger and/or relieving mechanism may be provided at different positions (such as align, reverse) in the place of putting, to perform to guide and/or rupturing operation.

Plural number example can be provided for being described herein parts, operation or the structure for single instance.Generally, at exemplary structure The 26S Proteasome Structure and Function being rendered as individual components in making can be embodied as combinative structure or parts.Similarly, it is rendered as single parts 26S Proteasome Structure and Function can be embodied as individual components.These and other changes, revises, adds and improve the scope in present subject matter In.

Claims (34)

1. a blade assembly for preventer, for shearing the pipeline of the well penetrating stratum, described preventer has housing, institute State housing have by therein, for receiving the hole of described pipeline, described blade assembly includes:

Ram blocks, it is possible to move between unengaged position and bonding station at described pipeline；

Blade, is supported by described ram blocks, is used for engaging with cutting described pipeline；

Retractible guiding piece, is supported by described ram blocks, and can be slidably moved into along ram blocks；And

Relieving mechanism, for optionally discharging described guiding piece, with in the guiding position for guiding the joint with described pipeline Put and move between the cutting position of blade rear one distance, to allow described blade to engage described pipeline with cutting.

2. blade assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the guide surface being applied to described relieving mechanism by will be switched off power can Start described relieving mechanism.

3. blade assembly as claimed in claim 1, also includes the trigger for starting described relieving mechanism.

4. blade assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described trigger is connected to described release with including being operable to property The plunger of mechanism.

5. blade assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described plunger is about the summit of described guiding piece, along described guiding One of the guide surface of part and combinations thereof and position.

6. the blade assembly as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein, described plunger includes multiple contact, the plurality of contact All being operatively coupled to a component via bar, described component is slidably located in the trigger raceway groove of described guiding piece.

7. the blade assembly as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein, described plunger has at least one trigger guiding piece, described At least one trigger guiding piece is slidably located at least one trigger slit of described guiding piece.

8. the blade assembly as described in any one of claim 3 to 5, wherein, described relieving mechanism includes being operatively coupled to Described trigger, and it is slidably located in the component in the trigger raceway groove of described guiding piece.

9. blade assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described relieving mechanism also includes multiple biasing member, is used for supporting Component in the trigger raceway groove of described guiding piece.

10. blade assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described relieving mechanism also includes multiple wedge, the plurality of wedge Shape thing is optionally moved by the movement of described component in described guiding piece between locked position and unlocked position.

11. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 10, also include that multiple projection, the plurality of projection are propped up by described wedge Hold, and can multiple paths along described guiding piece selectively moved.

12. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described path and the pipeline fluid extending through described guiding piece Connection, to enable flow through wherein.

13. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described relieving mechanism includes can be adjacent to the edge of described ram blocks The antelabium of location.

14. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described ram blocks has and receives described antelabium for slidably Slope.

15. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described guiding piece includes that multiple spring, described relieving mechanism include It is releasably connected to multiple breech locks of the plurality of spring.

16. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the plurality of breech lock is pivotably connected to described ram blocks, To be selectively engaged the plurality of spring.

17. blade assemblies as described in claim 1-5 and any one of 13-16, wherein, described ram blocks has directing pin, its Can be received by the guide slit in described guiding piece, to slide along mobile.

18. blade assemblies as described in claim 1-5 and any one of 13-16, wherein, described ram blocks has shoulder, with Described guiding piece is sliding engaged.

19. blade assemblies as described in claim 1-5 and any one of 13-16, wherein, the guide surface of described guiding piece is recessed , there is the summit along its center axis.

20. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the guide surface of described guiding piece has to become with described central axis The Part I of first jiao.

21. blade assemblies as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the guide surface of described guiding piece has to become with described central axis The Part II of second jiao.

The preventer of the pipeline of 22. 1 kinds of wells penetrating stratum for shearing, described preventer includes:

Housing, has by therein, for receiving the hole of described pipeline；And

A pair blade assembly, this all includes the blade assembly as described in any one of claim 1 to 21 to blade assembly.

23. preventers as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described retractible guiding piece has bag, for receiving and its phase Top to another retractible guiding piece of location.

24. preventers as claimed in claim 22, also include at least one actuator, for activating in multiple blade assembly The ram blocks of each blade assembly.

25. preventers as described in claim 22,23 or 24, wherein, described relieving mechanism includes the triggering started for it Device.

26. preventers as claimed in claim 25, wherein, described trigger can be by the contact start with described pipeline.

27. preventers as claimed in claim 25, wherein, described trigger can be by the contact start with another guiding piece.

28. 1 kinds of pipelines using the preventer as described in any one of claim 22 to 27 to shear the well penetrating stratum Method, described method includes:

In described pipeline mobile ram blocks between unengaged position and bonding station；

Optionally discharge relieving mechanism；

Between guide position and the cutting position of described blade rear one distance for the joint of guiding and described pipeline It is slidably moved described guiding piece, to allow described blade to engage described pipeline with cutting；And

Described pipeline is made to engage with cutting with described blade.

29. methods as claimed in claim 28, wherein, optionally discharge when applying breakaway.

30. methods as claimed in claim 28, wherein, optionally release includes that lip is moved on the slope along described ram blocks Edge.

31. methods as claimed in claim 28, wherein, optionally release includes unclamping described guiding piece.

32. methods as claimed in claim 28, wherein, optionally release includes triggering described relieving mechanism.

33. methods as claimed in claim 28, wherein, optionally release is included between locking and unlocked position and moves Described relieving mechanism.

34. methods as described in any one of claim 28 to 33, also include being guided extremely by described pipeline by described guiding piece At desired locations in described preventer.