CN103226733A - Optimal layout method for fire gas detectors of floating-type production oil storage ship - Google Patents
Optimal layout method for fire gas detectors of floating-type production oil storage ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal layout method for fire gas detectors of a floating-type production oil storage ship. The method comprises steps as follows: 1) determining a dangerous device of the floating-type production oil storage ship; 2) dividing a dangerous area and determining a danger level; 3) determining a coverage rate index of the detectors in the dangerous area; 4) drawing a floating-type production oil storage ship hazard identification table with a HAZID (Hazard Identification) method; 5) determining the detector type and the detector quantity which are needed in the dangerous area; 6) establishing a detector covering surface mathematical model of the dangerous area; 7) solving an extreme value of the mathematical model and optimizing the layout of the detectors; and 8) calculating the coverage rate of detectors optimally laid out in the dangerous area, and detecting whether the coverage rate index is achieved, wherein if the coverage rate index is achieved, the optimized layout is finished, otherwise, the quantity of the detectors is increased and the step 6) is repeated until the coverage rate of the detectors which are optimally laid out reaches the index. The method optimizes the design of a detection system according to the coverage rate index needed by the floating-type production oil storage dangerous device, and the reliability and security of the system are well guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preferred arrangement method of fire-gas detector, particularly the preferred arrangement method of the fire-gas detector of Floating Production oil storage ship.
Background technology
The production of Floating Production oil storage ship collection, oil storage, emptying are the advantage of one, become fast, economic, the irreplaceable development device that opens up offshore oil fields effectively, but, layout unreasonable, generation miss alarm etc. insufficient owing to Floating Production oil storage ship fire detector quantity causes the staff can not in time find the process abnormality phenomenon, finally causes big fire explosion.The Floating Production oil storage ship can produce with a large amount of hydrocarbon gas in the process of whole production, oil storage and emptying, if do not have the reliable fire gases detection system of a cover as safety guarantee, in case owing to the generation that fire or combustible gas leakage cause an explosion accident, consequence is with hardly imaginable.So the reliable and secure application of fire gases detection system on the Floating Production oil storage ship just seems particularly important.In order to ensure the personal security of Floating Production oil storage ship, certainly will launch the preferred arrangement work of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector on a large scale, this is for the caused economic loss of minimizing accident to greatest extent, and the support development and national economy is significant.
Abroad begin early for the internal heat detection system, fire and gas detector have obtained prolonged application, also comparatively pay close attention to for the internal heat detection system, have launched a series of correlative study.For the research of Floating Production oil storage ship layout, A.Jaffee Suardin and A.Jeff McPhate have discussed and carried out the screening of FEA and the development of compare tool on the Floating Production oil storage ships, and bring expert system into instrument.Calculating and preferred arrangement research at the fire-gas detector coverage rate are less, and Kenexis company has proposed to calculate the general introduction of fire-gas detector coverage rate, emphasize that key factor is that coverage rate can reach performance index.Specially the preferred arrangement of carrying out fire-gas detector at the Floating Production oil storage ship still is in blank, does not still have corresponding research paper abroad and delivers.
Domestic for Floating Production oil storage ship internal heat systematic research start late, but obtained considerable progress in recent years, but mainly concentrated on Floating Production oil storage ship detection system analysis aspect.Huang is luxuriant and bdautiful to be example with Fanyu Floating Production oil storage ship project, has set forth and concluded the method for designing and the characteristics of Floating Production oil storage ship fire and combustible gas detecting system.Floating Production oil storage ship technology processing system complexity, operation control difficulty seriously increases the operating risk of Floating Production oil storage ship, and easily breaking out of fire explosion accident causes casualties, produces and heavy losses such as stop.Although the probability of happening of Floating Production oil storage ship fire explosion is lower, yet in a single day this type of accident takes place, and it is big, careless slightly to dispose difficulty, country is sustained a great loss, even may bring extinction to the neighboring area.The preferred arrangement of fire detector is successfully to realize the essential condition of Floating Production oil storage ship automatic alarm system function, determine that with the method for looking into limit curve the method for fire detector arrangement pitch is comparatively loaded down with trivial details and have now in " standard ", there is ambiguity, is difficult to realize the preferred arrangement of fire detector.Therefore, the preferred arrangement for Floating Production oil storage ship fire and gas detector needs special concern.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the fire-gas detector preferred arrangement scheme of a cover, provide theoretical foundation and technical support for optimizing China Floating Production oil storage ship internal heat system and automatic alarm system at China's Floating Production oil storage ship fire explosion.
In order to reach above purpose, the invention provides a cover Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector preferred arrangement method, this method comprises the steps:
(1) determines technological process and the hazardous equipment that the easy breaking out of fire of Floating Production oil storage ship is exploded;
(2), divide its hazardous location and assigning degrees of hazard according to the hazardous equipment of Floating Production oil storage ship;
(3), determine the coverage rate index of hazardous location detector according to the hazardous location grade of Floating Production oil storage ship;
(4), formulate HAZID(Hazard Identification, the dangerous matter sources identification according to the Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location of dividing) method is to the form of Floating Production oil storage ship disaster identification;
(5) according to the disaster identification of HAZID, determine type photodetector and calculating detector quantity that it needs to Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
(6) according to detector in the area coverage of Floating Production oil storage ship and the type photodetector and the quantity of needs, set up the detector coverage rate mathematical model of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
(7) use the extreme value that the numerical optimization algorithm is found the solution mathematical model, the layout of detector is carried out optimal treatment;
(8) calculate the coverage rate after the detector preferred arrangement of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location and draw coverage diagram, whether check reaches the coverage rate index, then finish preferred arrangement if touch the mark, otherwise turn back to step (6) behind the increase detector quantity, till the detector coverage after the preferred arrangement touches the mark.
The present invention is directed to the needed coverage rate index of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous equipment detection system is optimized design, guarantee the reliability and the security of system better.The optimal design of detection system not only can improve the coverage rate of detector, also can improve the accuracy of detection alarm simultaneously, in case unusual condition takes place in the hazardous location, detector can faster more accurate giving the alarm, for removing a hidden danger and avoiding accident to strive for the more emergency management and rescue time, make causality loss reduce to minimum.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector preferred arrangement process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is that form is divided in Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
Fig. 3 is the coverage rate index of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
Fig. 4 is a HAZID methods analyst process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is that HAZID analyzes inventory example table;
Fig. 6 is that the Floating Production oil storage ship carries out HAZID disaster identification form;
Fig. 7 is the protection area and the radius of protection form of sense cigarette, heat detector;
Fig. 8 is that each search coverage area calculating and detector quantity and kind are determined form;
Fig. 9 is the detector coverage diagram of certain hazardous location;
Figure 10 is Floating Production oil storage ship compressor, instrument room's synoptic diagram;
Figure 11 is the coverage rate perfect condition synoptic diagram of detector arrangement in the compressor instrument room;
Figure 12 is the detector coverage diagram of rhombus preferred arrangement;
Figure 13 is the detector coverage diagram of rectangle preferred arrangement;
Figure 14 is the detector arrangement coverage diagram of traditional empirical method;
Figure 15 is a detector at overlay area area and the coverage rate form that different cloth deposit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
(1) process treatment process of analysis and research Floating Production oil storage ship, the hazardous location of therefrom finding out the easiest breaking out of fire blast comprises: the battery chamber in the battery chamber in the Power entry module chamber, the main distribution chamber, main distribution chamber, compressor instrument room, technology instrument room, emergency generator room, emergent switchgear building, canyon, ship power distribution chamber;
(2) according to marine oil engineering Floating Production oil storage ship and single buoy mooring system design, the explosive area is divided into following 3 classes:
(a) 0 class explosive area: be meant the zone that continues in normal working conditions with the long-term existence explosive gas atmosphere;
(b) 1 class explosive area: be meant the zone that may occur explosive gas atmosphere in normal working conditions;
(c) 2 class explosive areas: being meant the unlikely in normal working conditions explosive gas atmosphere that occurs, also is the zone that exists the short time even occur;
According to Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous equipment and explosive area classification, the explosive area of certain model Floating Production oil storage ship is concrete to be divided as shown in Figure 2;
(3) computing formula of definition detector coverage V is as follows:
Vi=Si/S(i=1,2,3) Vi is that V1 is two coverage rates of detector and above coverage rate in (1) formula, and V2 is the coverage rate of a coverage rate of detector, V3 is the coverage rate in detector blind area (zero coverage rate, the i.e. undetectable zone of detector); Si is the region area that S1, S2 and S3 are respectively two coverage rates of detector and above, coverage rate and blind area; S is the total area of hazardous location;
According to the hazardous location grade of Floating Production oil storage ship, the coverage rate index of determining the hazardous location detector as shown in Figure 3;
(4) according to the hazardous location of Floating Production oil storage ship and HAZID methods analyst flow process as shown in Figure 4, determine that the introducer that the HAZID method is carried out disaster identification to Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location comprises: containment loss, toxic hazard, incendiary source and risky operation etc.;
According to the introducer of determining, the issuable hazard event in Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location, such as: other objectionable impurities such as fire, blast, combustible gas leakage, smog, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, electrical system lightning and static release etc., and make the damage sequence analysis;
Formulate the preventive measure of hazardous accidents, and it is made corresponding suggestion, outcome record is analyzed in the inventory example chart 5 at HAZID, draw form that the HAZID method carries out disaster identification to the Floating Production oil storage ship as shown in Figure 6;
(5) in real boatman's journey, the quantity of set detector can be calculated as follows in the search coverage:
N is a designed detector quantity (only) in the search coverage in the formula; S is the floor area (m of a search coverage
2); A is the protection area (m of a detector
2); K is safe correction factor.Important protection place K gets 0.7～0.9, generally protects place K to get 1;
According to disaster identification and the formula (2) of HAZID method to Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location, the protection area A is checked in by the protection area and the radius of protection form of Fig. 7 sense cigarette, heat detector, and each search coverage area of its hazardous location calculates with type photodetector that needs and quantity to be determined as shown in Figure 8;
(6) according to the area coverage of the detector quantity and the detector of hazardous location needs, the detector coverage rate mathematical model of setting up Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location is shown below:
f(x)=S－S(x) (3)
X is the spacing between the detector of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location in the formula, and S is the total area of hazardous location, and S (x) is the area coverage of detector in the hazardous location;
(7) algorithm steps of Newton optimization method:
(a) given initial point x
(1), provide precision ε＞0, make k=1;
(b) calculate f ' (x
(k)) and f " (x
(k)): if | f ' (x
(k)) |＜ε then stops iteration, the approximate minimal point x of output
(k), otherwise transfer (c) to;
(c) calculate x according to following formula
(k+1):
X is the spacing between the detector of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location in the formula, and f (x) is the coverage rate mathematical model of detector in the hazardous location;
According to Newton's algorithm step and formula (3) and formula (4), solve the minimal value of mathematical model f (x) that set up, the layout of fire-gas detector is carried out optimal treatment;
(8) according to the coverage rate of formula (1) calculating detector in the hazardous location, application software is drawn out detector and is arranged coverage diagram in the optimization of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location, the detector coverage diagram of certain hazardous location as shown in Figure 9, in the hazardous location, white portion represent the coverage rate of detector be two and more than, hatched example areas represents only to have a coverage rate, and black region is then represented the blind area;
Whether the detector of check hazardous location preferred arrangement reaches the coverage rate index, then finishes preferred arrangement if touch the mark, otherwise turns back to step (6) after increasing detector quantity, till the detector coverage after the preferred arrangement touches the mark.
Be at compressor instrument room, Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location below, realize the specific embodiment of fire-gas detector preferred arrangement:
According to Fig. 8 as can be known, compressor instrument room head is 18m, wide is 10m, hazardous equipment compression captain is 10m, wide is 6m, and it is positioned at the center position of instrument room, is Floating Production oil storage ship compressor, instrument room's synoptic diagram as shown in figure 10, the outside line frame table shows whole compressor, instrument room, interior wire frame representation hazardous equipment compressor present position.
The compressor hazard level is higher, need the coverage rate of detector reach two and more than, the coverage rate perfect condition of detector arrangement is as shown in figure 11 in the compressor instrument room.In the compressor instrument room, white portion represent the coverage rate of detector be two and more than, hatched example areas represents only to have a coverage rate, black region is then represented the blind area (being the zero coverage rate, the undetectable zone of detector) of detector.
As shown in Figure 8, the compressor instrument room needs 4 smoke detectors, looking into its radius of protection by Fig. 3 again is 60m, the covering radius of getting smoke detector is 4.5m, use the numerical optimization algorithm and find the solution the extreme value of mathematical model, layout to detector is carried out optimal treatment, obtains the preferred arrangement method of two kinds of fire gases system detectors: the detector coverage diagram of Figure 12 rhombus preferred arrangement; The detector coverage diagram of Figure 13 rectangle preferred arrangement (stain is a detector);
By formula (3) and formula (4) as can be known, being arranged as of detector in the compressor instrument room: horizontal spacing a=18/2=9m/ only; Longitudinal pitch b=10/2=5m/ only.By traditional empirical method detector as shown in figure 14 at the layout of compressor instrument room and coverage diagram.
As shown in Figure 8, the total area S=180m of compressor instrument room
2, use Matlab software and obtain detector overlay area area, calculate the detection coverage rate by formula (2) again, detector is in overlay area area that different cloth deposit and coverage rate as shown in figure 15.
As shown in figure 15, the blind area coverage rate V3 of traditional design is less, but V1 does not reach perfect condition, and contrast Figure 11 and Figure 14 are as can be known, and white portion distributes and perfect condition differs greatly.Have the blind area near the compressor, in case hazard event occurs, the staff can not in time find and solve, and will cause accident to take place.
The V1 that shows the rhombus design among Figure 15 has reached perfect condition, and contrast Figure 11 and Figure 12 are as can be known, white portion distribute and perfect condition more approaching.Near the compressor most of zone can reach two coverage rates and more than, and the blind area is far away apart from compressor, mainly concentrates on the edge of wall.
Find out by Figure 15, the V1 maximum of rectangular design, and also contrast Figure 11 and Figure 13 are as can be known, and white portion covers compressor fully, reaches perfect condition.But coverage rate V2 is less in the method blind area, is fit to the PROCESS FOR TREATMENT operation room that hazardous equipment is concentrated.
It should be noted last that: above embodiment is the non-limiting technical scheme of the present invention with explanation only, although with reference to the foregoing description the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; Still can make amendment or replace on an equal basis the present invention, and not break away from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the preferred arrangement method of a Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector, its feature may further comprise the steps:
(1) determines technological process and the hazardous equipment that the easy breaking out of fire of Floating Production oil storage ship is exploded;
(2), divide its hazardous location and assigning degrees of hazard according to the hazardous equipment of Floating Production oil storage ship;
(3), determine the coverage rate index of hazardous location detector according to the hazardous location grade of Floating Production oil storage ship;
(4), formulate HAZID(Hazard Identification, the dangerous matter sources identification according to the Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location of dividing) method is to the form of Floating Production oil storage ship disaster identification;
(5) according to the disaster identification of HAZID, determine type photodetector and calculating detector quantity that it needs to Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
(6) according to detector in the area coverage of Floating Production oil storage ship and the type photodetector and the quantity of needs, set up the detector coverage rate mathematical model of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location;
(7) use the extreme value that the numerical optimization algorithm is found the solution mathematical model, the layout of detector is carried out optimal treatment;
(8) calculate the coverage rate after the detector preferred arrangement of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location and draw coverage diagram, whether check reaches the coverage rate index, then finish preferred arrangement if touch the mark, otherwise turn back to step (6) behind the increase detector quantity, till the detector coverage after the preferred arrangement touches the mark.
2. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (2), Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location is divided into following 3 classes:
(a) 0 class explosive area: be meant the zone that continues in normal working conditions with the long-term existence explosive gas atmosphere;
(b) 1 class explosive area: be meant the zone that may occur explosive gas atmosphere in normal working conditions;
(c) 2 class explosive areas: being meant the unlikely in normal working conditions explosive gas atmosphere that occurs, also is the zone that exists the short time even occur.
3. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (3), the computing formula of definition detector coverage V is as follows:
Vi=Si/S(i=1,2,3) Vi is that V1 is two coverage rates of detector and above coverage rate in (1) formula, and V2 is the coverage rate of a coverage rate of detector, V3 is the coverage rate in detector blind area (zero coverage rate, the i.e. undetectable zone of detector); Si is the region area that S1, S2 and S3 are respectively two coverage rates of detector and above, coverage rate and blind area; S is the total area of hazardous location.
4. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (3), the detector coverage index of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location can be described as:
0 class explosive area: total coverage rate will reach 90%, two coverage rate and above coverage rate will reach 50%;
1 class explosive area: total coverage rate will reach 80%, two coverage rate and above coverage rate will reach 40%;
2 class explosive areas: total coverage rate will reach 70%, two coverage rate and above coverage rate will reach 30%.
5. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (5), the quantity of set detector can be calculated as follows in real boatman's journey search coverage:
6. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (6), the detector coverage rate mathematical model of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location is shown below:
X is the spacing between the detector of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location in f (x)=S-S (x) (3) formula, and S is the total area of hazardous location, and S (x) is the area coverage of detector in the hazardous location.
7. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (7), and the algorithm steps of Newton optimization method:
(a) given initial point x
(1), provide precision ε＞0, make k=1;
(b) calculate f ' (x
(k)) and f " (x
(k)): if | f ' (x
(k)) |＜ε then stops iteration, the approximate minimal point x of output
(k), otherwise transfer (c) to;
(c) calculate x according to following formula
(k+1):
X is the spacing between the detector of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location in the formula, and f (x) is the coverage rate mathematical model of detector in the hazardous location.
8. the preferred arrangement method of a kind of Floating Production oil storage ship fire-gas detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (8), calculating detector is in the coverage rate of hazardous location, application software is drawn out detector and is arranged coverage diagram in the optimization of Floating Production oil storage ship hazardous location, whether the detector of check hazardous location preferred arrangement reaches the coverage rate index, then finish preferred arrangement if touch the mark, otherwise turn back to step (6) behind the increase detector quantity, till the detector coverage after the preferred arrangement touches the mark.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104792468A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Optimal locating method of gas detection alarms of oil refining device |
| CN108564284A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas detector addressing computational methods based on costs and benefits |
| CN110763809A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental verification method for optimal arrangement scheme of gas detector |
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| CN102636615A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-15 | 梅思安(中国)安全设备有限公司 | Error preventing method for zero point or gain calibration of solid and portable gas detector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104792468A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Optimal locating method of gas detection alarms of oil refining device |
| CN104792468B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of oil refining apparatus gas detecting and alarming instrument optimization placement method |
| CN108564284A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas detector addressing computational methods based on costs and benefits |
| CN108564284B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2021-11-05 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas detector site selection calculation method based on cost and income |
| CN110763809A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental verification method for optimal arrangement scheme of gas detector |
| CN110763809B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental verification method for optimal arrangement scheme of gas detector |
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Application publication date: 20130731 |