CN103226372A - Accurate current reference source working on whole-chip by utilizing tuning of off-chip resistance - Google Patents
Accurate current reference source working on whole-chip by utilizing tuning of off-chip resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN103226372A CN103226372A CN2013101297720A CN201310129772A CN103226372A CN 103226372 A CN103226372 A CN 103226372A CN 2013101297720 A CN2013101297720 A CN 2013101297720A CN 201310129772 A CN201310129772 A CN 201310129772A CN 103226372 A CN103226372 A CN 103226372A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an accurate current reference source working on whole-chip by utilizing tuning of off-chip resistance. An accurate on-chip resistance is realized through self-tuning of an accurate off-chip resistance; and then the voltage in direct proportion to temperature and the voltage irrelevant to temperature are accurately converted into the accurate current in direct proportion to the temperature and the voltage irrelevant to the temperature. According to the accurate current reference source, the voltage on the on-chip subjected to the well tuning is stabilized at a reference voltage value of a system, so that the current irrelevant to the temperature is generated; and the voltage difference between each base electrode and each emitting electrode of two triodes is added on the on-chip resistance subjected to well tuning, so that the current in direct proportion to the temperature is generated. The accurate current reference source is suitable for a majority of integrated circuit systems and particularly for complicated systems with higher requirements for accuracy and stability of the reference current.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of analog integrated circuit, relate to a kind of current reference source, relate in particular to a kind of current reference source that utilizes the tuning automatic calibration of off chip resistor.
Background technology
In the design of integrated circuit, voltage reference source and current reference source are absolutely necessary accurately, and the two can produce significant effects to the performance of circuit.Voltage reference source obtains relatively easily accurately, can utilize the characteristic of triode to realize temperature independent accurately voltage reference source.Yet, precise current realizes with reference to but being difficult to, and very difficult Voltage Reference accurately is converted to the exact current reference, because the media that transforms is inaccurate, no matter be by resistance in the sheet or the mutual conductance by metal-oxide-semiconductor, because the huge deviation of technology all can cause very big inaccuracy.
A kind of method that obtains accurate current reference is to use off chip resistor in circuit, because off chip resistor is accurately, so just have one accurately media can be converted into exact current to voltage accurately, yet, this method has very big shortcoming: because the ESD power supply of Pin all connects together above the chip, because the influence of stray capacitance, other signals above Pin may be come by power lead a part of undesired signal of crosstalking, thereby influence the precision of current reference; Simultaneously, the mutual inductance effect of wiring inductance also can be introduced and crosstalk, and for the bigger chip of those current ratios, may have tens millivolts voltage difference between ground wire on the sheet and the ground wire on the pcb board, and this also can exert an influence to the precision of electric current.For the SOC (system on a chip) (System-On-Chip) of numerous and complicated, the interference that this method is introduced even may cause entire chip to be operated in incorrect state.
In sum, the current reference circuit that we wish is to work on the full sheet, reduces to disturb, and can guarantee that again enough accuracies are unlikely to influence the correct work of circuit simultaneously, guarantees the performance of circuit.
In addition, because different circuit is different for the requirement of current reference source, such as for the low noise amplifier in the radio circuit, need a current reference that is directly proportional with temperature to compensate noiseproof feature under the high temperature; For some circuit, such as some pierce circuit, wish that electric current does not vary with temperature, because electric current can directly influence the oscillation frequency of circuit.So, in the system of SOC (system on a chip) especially more complicated, need the reference current that is directly proportional and does not vary with temperature two kinds of temperature characterisitics with temperature probably.
Summary of the invention
Precision and interference problem at the existence of current reference source circuit, the object of the present invention is to provide the precise current reference source of working on a kind of full sheet, eliminate and disturb, can produce accurately with temperature again simultaneously and be directly proportional and temperature independent reference current source, the present invention is applicable to most of integrated circuit (IC) system, is particularly useful for reference current precision and the higher complication system of stability requirement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The precise current reference source of working on a kind of full sheet comprises:
Self-tuning circuit, comprise resistance, comparer, current generating circuit and digital module on off chip resistor, the sheet, the electric current that current generating circuit produces is through resistance on off chip resistor and the sheet, comparer compares ohmically voltage on off chip resistor and the sheet, and digital module carries out tuning according to the output of comparer to resistance on the sheet;
Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator is used for the reference voltage level place of system that the voltage of resistance on the tuning good sheet is stabilized in, to produce temperature independent electric current.
Further, described low pressure difference linear voltage regulator adopts fixing electric resistance array as load; Adopt the two-stage calculation amplifier of seven pipes, adopt the RC compensating circuit between this two-stage calculation amplifier.
The precise current reference source of working on a kind of full sheet comprises:
Self-tuning circuit, comprise resistance, comparer, current generating circuit and digital module on off chip resistor, the sheet, the electric current that current generating circuit produces is through resistance on off chip resistor and the sheet, comparer compares ohmically voltage on off chip resistor and the sheet, and digital module carries out tuning according to the output of comparer to resistance on the sheet;
Two triodes, the voltage difference between its each base stage and the emitter are added on the tuning good sheet on the resistance, to produce the electric current that is directly proportional with temperature.
Further, described last resistance is the parallel resistance array.Preferably, this parallel resistance array is made up of a fixed resistance and 7 resistance by switch control.When carrying out described self-tuning, compare parallel resistance array on off chip resistor and the sheet automatically by dichotomy, obtain electric resistance array on 7 control code control strips.Adopt the precision and the relative efficiency of dichotomy higher, 7 control codes can realize 1/64 precision.
Further, described self-tuning circuit also comprises the clock generation circuit that is used to provide clock.Preferably, the ring that adopts the phase inverter that is postponed by 7 rank band RC to join end to end to form is bestirred oneself and is clock.
Further, described current reference source also comprises the reset signal generating circuit that is used for the digital module of self-tuning circuit is generated reset signal, power switch circuit, and the logic control circuit that connects self-tuning circuit, reset signal generating circuit and power switch circuit.
Further, go up the little p+ polysilicon resistance of resistance employing temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance for described.
The present invention is by low pressure difference linear voltage regulator (Low Drop-out Regulator) simple in structure, voltage on the tuning good electric resistance array is stabilized in the reference voltage level place of system, this reference voltage is temperature independent, and the temperature coefficient of electric resistance array is also very little on the sheet, so can obtain the very little current reference source that promptly has nothing to do substantially with temperature of temperature coefficient.
The present invention is added in the voltage difference between each base stage of two triodes and the emitter on the tuning good electric resistance array, because this voltage difference is more accurate, and good linear relationship is arranged, so can obtain the current reference source that is directly proportional with temperature accurately with temperature.
Core of the present invention is at first to realize a resistance on the sheet accurately by off chip resistor self-tuning accurately, again by this accurately on the sheet resistance voltage that is directly proportional with temperature and temperature independent voltage are changed into exactly be directly proportional with temperature accurately and temperature independent electric current respectively, so just can obtain accurate glitch-free current reference source.The present invention has following advantage:
1) current precision is very high.Simulation result shows, under the fluctuation of various voltage temperature technologies, the precision of electric current can be controlled at ± 1% in.The present invention utilizes 7 electric resistance arrays on tuning of the accurate off chip resistor, resistance precision is than higher, utilize ripe bandgap voltage reference technology to produce temperature independent reference voltage, utilize two transistor bases and voltage difference between the emitter to realize the voltage that is directly proportional with temperature, the precision of these two voltages is also very high.Be directly proportional with temperature accurately and temperature independent current reference source thereby can produce.
2) work on the full sheet, circuit working is stable, and antijamming capability is strong.Traditional current source uses off chip resistor in circuit, this resistance may be introduced interference, and the present invention has utilized accurately these characteristics of off chip resistor, avoided dexterously simultaneously introducing and disturbed this shortcoming, because after the resistance tuning process finishes, off chip resistor was disconnected with being connected of circuit, was actually during the current source operate as normal to work on the full sheet, and the test of System on Chip/SoC also shows this current reference circuit working stability.
3) circuit structure is simple.The present invention is simple in structure, and principle is clear, the reliability height.
4) work schedule is simple and reliable.Circuit relates to the reset issues of the switch and the digital module of some analog module, can solve by reset signal generating circuit and logic control circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block architecture diagram of current reference circuit among the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the circuit framework figure of electric resistance array and self-tuning circuit on the sheet among the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the circuit framework figure of the current reference circuit that is directly proportional with temperature among the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the circuit framework figure of current reference circuit temperature independent among the embodiment.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, and conjunction with figs., the present invention will be further described.
Present embodiment the concrete scheme of utilizing the precise current reference circuit of working on the tuning full sheet of off chip resistor as follows:
The main circuit framework of this current reference circuit as shown in Figure 1, the work of this circuit only is subjected to an energy to open (Power_On) signal controlling, in application, this signal also is the energy start signal of full chip, promptly be opened when starting working when entire chip, this current reference circuit also is activated at every turn.When this signal was low level, circuit was not worked, and circuit is in the stand-by state of low-power consumption; When this signal during from low level to the high level saltus step, circuit is started working.At first, the clock generation circuit in the circuit begins concussion, and for self-tuning circuit provides clock, simultaneously, reset signal generating circuit generation reset signal resets to the digital module of self-tuning, prepares for tuning; Then, when the reset signal saltus step, digital module is started working, carry out the self-tuning process, 7 parallel resistance arrays on the sheet and off chip resistor are compared, obtain electric resistance array on 7 control code control strips, thereby guarantee that the resistance value of electric resistance array is all relatively accurate on the sheet under all temps technology corner angle; At last, the self-tuning process finishes, and the mimic channel in clock generation circuit and the self-tuning module all is closed, and saves power consumption, and circuit enters normal duty, exports that be directly proportional with temperature accurately and temperature independent electric current.
Specifically state the embodiment of each partial circuit below according to the order of above three job steps.
When energy unlatching (Power_On) signal jumped to high level from low level, the clock generation circuit in the circuit at first began concussion.This clock mainly is to be used for that digital module uses when tuning, precision for clock does not require, only need to guarantee the time long enough in each cycle, guarantee to work as when tuning after the change in resistance of electric resistance array, circuit has time enough to arrive stable status so that the tuning calculating of next cycle.In order to guarantee stability, the join end to end ring formed of the phase inverter that present embodiment has adopted 7 rank band RC to postpone shakes and makees clock, and the characteristics that this ring shakes are than being easier to starting of oscillation.Simulating, verifying is under the fluctuation of various voltage temperature technologies, and this ring shakes and can the starting of oscillation output frequency be about the clock signal of 10kHz, and frequency is enough low, and tuned circuit has time enough to arrive steady state (SS).When circuit is opened, have one road electric current that electric capacity is charged, the voltage on the electric capacity can constantly rise, and has spent a period of time, when the voltage on the electric capacity has surpassed the threshold voltage of phase inverter, the output of phase inverter has saltus step, and present embodiment comes the digital module in the tuned circuit is resetted with regard to utilizing this pulsewidth, simultaneously, it is to open tuned circuit that this reset signal also has a function, because after tuning end,, tuned circuit is closed in order to save power consumption.Present embodiment is controlled the switch of tuned circuit with two signals, i.e. reset signal and tuning end indicator signal, and wherein reset signal is used for opening tuned circuit.Because circuit of the present invention only is subjected to energy to open the control of (Power_On) signal, need own clocking and reset signal, in order to guarantee the operate as normal of circuit, need be the ratio broad of the pulsewidth of reset signal setting, be about three times of clock period, to guarantee the operate as normal of whole current reference circuit.
After the reset signal saltus step, at next rising edge clock place, circuit begins to carry out self-tuning, according to the value of off chip resistor the resistance value of electric resistance array on the sheet be tuned to value accurately, the circuit framework of electric resistance array is as shown in Figure 2 on tuned circuit and the sheet.In the present embodiment on the sheet target resistance values of electric resistance array elect 3.8K ohm as, electric resistance array is composed in parallel by 8 resistance, one of them resistance is gating fixedly, and resistance is 12K ohm, and other 7 resistance are respectively by 7 switch controls, resistance is chosen according to 2 exponential depth, be respectively 8K ohm, 16K ohm, 32K ohm, 512K ohm constitutes 7 parallel resistance arrays.7 is to consider that precision, area etc. require to select, and figure place is many more accurate more.Should make the change in resistance scope of under the fluctuation of various flow-route and temperatures electric resistance array in the fluctuation up and down of desired value when choosing the electric resistance array resistance, and reserve certain nargin.Because wish to obtain the electric current of specified temp coefficient (temperature independent or be directly proportional), so require on the sheet resistance temperature independent, so adopt the smaller p+ polysilicon resistance of temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, the temperature coefficient of resistance is about 130ppm/ ℃, such temperature coefficient maximum possible is brought 3% error, finish if promptly electric resistance array is tuning in the time of-45 ℃, this moment, constantly electro-temperature was increased to 125 ℃, so because the faint temperature coefficient of resistance on the sheet, at this moment the precision of electric current can and 125 ℃ under carry out tuning generation electric current differ 3%.As previously mentioned, whenever chip is activated, during the saltus step of energy start signal, this current reference circuit all will carry out tuning, so above-mentioned working condition is to be difficult to take place, choosing of electric resistance array is rational on the sheet.Tuningly adopted more efficiently that dichotomy carries out, according to resistance order from small to large, 7 resistance of gating respectively, if gating after certain resistance electric resistance array resistance value ratio target resistance big, then this resistance should be selected; Otherwise this resistance should be not selected, because its value is too little, the back is in parallel again can only to cause total resistance more and more littler.The result of this tuning algorithm be make electric resistance array resistance from than the big direction of desired value near desired value.Concrete alternative is: produce the proportional electric current of two-way and flow through electric resistance array on off chip resistor and the sheet respectively, this ratio is the inverse ratio of off chip resistor and target resistance values, then according to top tuning algorithm, with the operational amplifier size of the magnitude of voltage on off chip resistor and the electric resistance array relatively, judge whether needs gating of this resistance behind each gating resistance according to the result.
Tuning process need compare 7 times, needs 7 work periods, after the tuning end, digital circuit can be exported a tuning end indicator signal, and this signal can be part (clock generation circuit, the current generating circuit of tuned circuit except digital module, amplifier etc.) close, to save power consumption.Narrate in conjunction with top, utilize reset signal and tuning end indicator signal to control the switch of tuned circuit jointly, this control can be avoided owing to tuning end indicator signal before the circuit initialization may be in the abnormal problem of circuit working that not stationary state brings.In case after tuning 7 cycles, current reference circuit has begun operate as normal, output is accurate to be directly proportional with temperature and temperature independent electric current.Entire circuit can be regarded three current generating circuits as: wherein the current generating circuit in the self-tuning circuit is to be used for producing when electric current is used for self-tuning using; Two other is respectively low pressure difference linear voltage regulator and triode, is used for producing accurate reference current.
The current reference that is directly proportional with temperature produces circuit as shown in Figure 3, the resistance R among the figure
0Be electric resistance array on the sheet, tuning 7 control codes that obtain are controlled before being subjected to.P
1,2,3,4, N
1,2,3,4And R
1,2Constituted the copy mode of wilson current mirror jointly, the benefit of duplicating like this is to duplicate the precision height, can realize from VDD to A simultaneously, and the B point is well isolated, and higher Power Supply Rejection Ratio is arranged.The effect of wilson current mirror is A, and the voltage that B is 2 is moved same current potential to, like this, and Q
1Q
2Base stage and the voltage difference of emitter just be added to electric resistance array R
0Two ends because the voltage difference of two transistor bases and emitter has higher precision, good linear relationship is arranged with temperature, can obtain the reference current that is directly proportional with temperature more accurately.
Temperature independent current generating circuit is actually a low pressure difference linear voltage regulator, and only its load is the electric resistance array of fixing, as shown in Figure 4.Because the load relative fixed is so this greatly reduces the design difficulty of this low pressure difference linear voltage regulator, wherein, operational amplifier has adopted the two stage amplifer of seven pipes, used the compensating circuit of RC between the two stage amplifer, guaranteed in tuning process, whole loop has enough phase margins all the time.By this circuit, temperature independent reference voltage has been added on the tuning electric resistance array later, so can obtain accurate temperature independent current reference.
In sum, the present invention has designed a kind of accurately current reference circuit of working on the tuning full sheet of off chip resistor that utilizes, on the one hand, this circuit utilizes the accurate resistance of off chip resistor to realize accurate reference current value, have with temperature to be directly proportional and temperature independent two kinds of electric currents output, on the other hand, during this current reference source operate as normal, work on the full sheet, the current source of having eliminated traditional employing off chip resistor work disturbs the shortcoming of big job insecurity.This invention is applicable to most of integrated circuit (IC) system, is particularly useful for reference current precision and the higher complication system of stability requirement.
Above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not limit it; those of ordinary skill in the art can make amendment or is equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion so that claim is described.
Claims (10)
1. the precise current reference source of working on the full sheet is characterized in that, comprising:
Self-tuning circuit, comprise resistance, comparer, current generating circuit and digital module on off chip resistor, the sheet, the electric current that current generating circuit produces is through resistance on off chip resistor and the sheet, comparer compares ohmically voltage on off chip resistor and the sheet, and digital module carries out tuning according to the output of comparer to resistance on the sheet;
Low pressure difference linear voltage regulator is used for the reference voltage level place of system that the voltage of resistance on the tuning good sheet is stabilized in, to produce temperature independent electric current.
2. current reference source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described low pressure difference linear voltage regulator adopts fixing electric resistance array as load.
3. current reference source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described low pressure difference linear voltage regulator adopts the two-stage calculation amplifier of seven pipes, adopts the RC compensating circuit between this two-stage calculation amplifier.
4. the precise current reference source of working on the full sheet is characterized in that, comprising:
Self-tuning circuit, comprise resistance, comparer, current generating circuit and digital module on off chip resistor, the sheet, the electric current that current generating circuit produces is through resistance on off chip resistor and the sheet, comparer compares ohmically voltage on off chip resistor and the sheet, and digital module carries out tuning according to the output of comparer to resistance on the sheet;
Two triodes, the voltage difference between its each base stage and the emitter are added on the tuning good sheet on the resistance, to produce the electric current that is directly proportional with temperature.
5. current reference source as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described current generating circuit adopts the copy mode of wilson current mirror.
6. as claim 1 or 4 described current reference sources, it is characterized in that: described is gone up resistance is the parallel resistance array, is carrying out when tuning, by dichotomy parallel resistance array on off chip resistor and the sheet relatively automatically.
7. current reference source as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described parallel resistance array is made up of a fixed resistance and 7 resistance by switch control.
8. as claim 1 or 4 described current reference sources, it is characterized in that: described self-tuning circuit also comprises the clock generation circuit that is used to provide clock, and the ring that this clock generation circuit adopts the phase inverter that is postponed by 7 rank band RC to join end to end to form is bestirred oneself and is clock.
9. as claim 1 or 4 described current reference sources, it is characterized in that: go up resistance for described and adopt the little p+ polysilicon resistance of temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance.
10. as claim 1 or 4 described current reference sources, it is characterized in that: also comprise the reset signal generating circuit that is used for the digital module of self-tuning circuit is generated reset signal, power switch circuit, and the logic control circuit that connects self-tuning circuit, reset signal generating circuit and power switch circuit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109150164A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-04 | 广州瀚辰信息科技有限公司 | Generate the chip of constant reference current |
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| CN101320278A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-12-10 | 苏州中科半导体集成技术研发中心有限公司 | CMOS reference source |
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| US6504417B1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2003-01-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Active trim circuit for CMOS on-chip resistors |
| US6862714B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2005-03-01 | Intel Corporation | Accurately tuning resistors |
| CN1900923A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-01-24 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | Adjustable termination resistor for integrated circuit chip |
| CN1963993A (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-16 | 国际商业机器公司 | Method and apparatus for storing circuit calibration information |
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Application publication date: 20130731 |