A kind of synthetic 3, the method for 5-dichlorobenzoic acid
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic 3, the method for 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, being specifically related to a kind of is 3 of starting raw material with the benzene nitrile, the synthetic method of 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Background technology
Halo formic acid and derivative thereof are a class important chemical and medicine intermediates, be used as the raw material of producing sterilant, sterilant, dyestuff and medicine in a large number, 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid is exactly wherein a kind of, can be used for multiple Chemicals such as preparation medicine, agricultural chemicals, dyestuff, sterilant.In recent years, the demand of this product is the trend that rises year by year, R and D have progressively caused people's attention.
3 of present report, the synthetic method of 5-dichlorobenzoic acid has following two kinds by the raw material classification:
The one,, with 3, the 5-diaminotoluene is a raw material, and first diazotization generates 3, and the 5-toluene dichloride is solvent again with acetate, and acetate bores and is catalyzer, and oxidation produces 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid;
The 2nd,, with the anthranilic acid is raw material, with the anthranilic acid is raw material synthetic 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid has following several operational path: (1) is raw material with the anthranilic acid, is solvent with ethylene dichloride, DMF, uses the SULPHURYL CHLORIDE chlorination, obtain 2-amino-3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, diazotization and getting again, yield is 60%.(2) with the anthranilic acid be raw material, hydrochloric acid is solvent, and iron trichloride is a catalyzer, about 10 ℃, directly logical chlorine obtains 2-amino-3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, carry out diazotization reaction again, adding copper sulfate, isopropanol reaction get crude product, get product with the toluene recrystallization again.(3) with the anthranilic acid be raw material, acetic acid and aqueous solution liquid directly lead to Cl down as solvent about 40 ℃
2, obtaining 3,5-two chloro-o-amino benzoic acids carry out diazotization reaction again, add Virahol, hydrochloric acid and Catalysts Cu SO
4Reaction obtains crude product, and the toluene recrystallization gets product.(4) anthranilic acid has been to expect, and 10% hydrochloric acid is solvent, and logical chlorine is 4 hours under 28-30 ℃, adds Virahol under above-mentioned reaction conditions, drips NaNO down at 80-85 ℃
2The aqueous solution dripped off in 2 hours, reacted half an hour again under this temperature, and reaction solution carries out simple distillation again, collected 80-90 ℃ of Virahol and water, and the distillation residuum is cooled to 20-25 ℃ and placed 2 hours, carries out suction filtration.Filter cake is 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, and drying gets 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid dry product.(5) anthranilic acid is a raw material, and hydrochloric acid is solvent, adds hydrogen peroxide and carries out chlorination, sulfuric acid system dropping NaNO
2Solution, ethanol is made reductive agent, carries out diazotization reaction and obtains target product.
Above-mentioned synthetic 3, in the method for 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, have the following disadvantages: with 3, the 5-diaminotoluene is a raw material, this method raw materials cost height, and yield is low, pollutes greatlyyer, and production environment is abominable; With anthranilic acid has been the comparatively economy of expecting, but this method ubiquity, long reaction time is operated loaded down with trivial details shortcoming, and especially the diazotization operation is dangerous high.Therefore be 3, it is problem demanding prompt solution that the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid is sought new synthetic route, adopts other technologies to synthesize 3 at present, and the technology of 5-dichlorobenzoic acid is not appeared in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, provide a kind of and synthesized 3, the method for 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, this method flow is brief, safety coefficient is high, and product purity and yield height overcome the shortcoming that exists in the prior art.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of synthetic 3, the method for 5-dichlorobenzoic acid is characterized in that, step comprises: with the benzene nitrile is raw material, in the presence of solvent and chlorizating agent, and chlorination generation 3 in sour environment, 5-dichlorobenzonitrile; 3, the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile earlier is hydrolyzed to 3 under alkaline environment, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid salt, acidifying gets 3 again, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, perhaps 3, the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile is hydrolysis under sour environment directly, 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.Reaction equation is:
In the aforesaid method, step comprises: with the benzene nitrile is raw material, and the benzene nitrile is dissolved in solvent and the acidic medium, drips chlorizating agent at a certain temperature, and the suitable pH value of control, and reaction obtains 3, the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile; Under normal pressure,, add alkaline matter in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile then, pH value of reaction system is kept within the specific limits to 3, insulation reaction, hydrolysis gets 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid salt, 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid salt filters, dries through acidifying, promptly gets 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid; Or, directly add acid in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile to 3, and pH value of reaction system is kept within the specific limits, insulation reaction directly obtains 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
In the aforesaid method, described solvent be methyl alcohol, Virahol, second cyanogen, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methylene dichloride, ether, toluene, trichloromethane and alcoholic acid one or more.Be preferably trichloromethane and alcoholic acid mixture, most preferably trichloromethane and ethanol mass ratio are 3: 1.
In the aforesaid method, described solvent and benzene nitrile mass ratio are 1-80: 1.
In the aforesaid method, described chlorizating agent is a clorox, or the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid.Benzene nitrile and clorox mol ratio are 1: 2.0-2.4; Benzene nitrile, HCl and hydrogen peroxide (refer to H
2O
2) mol ratio be 1: 2.0-2.5: 2.1-2.6, HCl provides with the form of aqueous hydrochloric acid, concentration of hydrochloric acid solution has no special requirements.
In the aforesaid method, during the chlorination of benzene nitrile, keeping the pH value is 0-6.0, and temperature of reaction is 50-70 ℃, and used acid is monobasic or polybasic mineral acid, and described acid includes but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; Wherein concentration of hydrochloric acid is more than 25%, and sulfuric acid concentration is more than 30%, and phosphoric acid concentration is more than 85%, concentration of nitric acid is more than 65%, consider the operating equipment utilization ratio and simplify last handling process, the concentrated acid that preferred water content is less, for example concentrated hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, strong phosphoric acid or concentrated nitric acid.
In the aforesaid method, 3, during 5-dichlorobenzonitrile alkaline hydrolysis (i.e. hydrolysis under alkaline environment), keeping the pH value is 11-14, and temperature of reaction is 50-90 ℃, and preferred 80-90 ℃, the general reaction times is 2-3h.3, when being hydrolyzed under the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile normal pressure alkaline environment, keep alkaline environment with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or their aqueous solution, used sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution concentration generally between 10wt%-30wt%, are preferably sheet alkali.
In the aforesaid method, 3, during the acidifying of 5-dichlorobenzoic acid salt, maintenance pH is 0-3, and keeping temperature is 50-90 ℃, preferred 50-60 ℃, the general reaction times is 0.5-1h, and used acid is monobasic or polybasic mineral acid, and described acid includes but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; Wherein concentration of hydrochloric acid is more than 25%, and sulfuric acid concentration is more than 30%, and phosphoric acid concentration is more than 85%, concentration of nitric acid is more than 65%, consider the operating equipment utilization ratio and simplify last handling process, the concentrated acid that preferred water content is less, for example concentrated hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, strong phosphoric acid or concentrated nitric acid.
In the aforesaid method, 3, during the direct acidic hydrolysis of 5-dichlorobenzonitrile (i.e. directly hydrolysis under sour environment), keeping the pH value is 1-4, and temperature is 50-90 ℃, and preferred 80-90 ℃, the general reaction times is 2-3h.Used acid is monobasic or polybasic mineral acid, and described acid includes but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; Wherein concentration of hydrochloric acid is more than 25%, and sulfuric acid concentration is more than 30%, and phosphoric acid concentration is more than 85%, concentration of nitric acid is more than 65%, consider the operating equipment utilization ratio and simplify last handling process, the concentrated acid that preferred water content is less, for example concentrated hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, strong phosphoric acid or concentrated nitric acid.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, proposing with the benzene nitrile first is raw material, and first chlorination generates 3, the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, and hydrolysis reaction gets 3 then, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid, chlorination have been abandoned traditional chlorinated with chlorine, make chlorination safe, gained 3,5-dichlorobenzonitrile purity height need not the diazotization operation, has improved process safety.
2, this raw materials technology be easy to get, cheapness, the products production cost is low, process safety coefficient height, simple to operate, technical process is brief, more helps suitability for industrialized production, is synthetic 3, the novel process of 5-dichlorobenzoic acid provides new approaches for synthetic pentyne grass amine again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is made 3 for the present invention, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid liquid phase spectrogram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, should be understood that, following explanation only is in order to explain the present invention, its content not to be limited.
Embodiment 1
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 300g trichloromethane respectively, 100g ethanol, drop into 1209.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 3.0-4.0 that hydrochloric acid with 37% keeps system pH, and under 55-60 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.5% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add 30% sodium hydroxide then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.5h, be 1.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 1.0h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 182.5g content and be 99.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 2
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 1500g trichloromethane respectively, 500g ethanol, drop into 1209.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 5.0-6.0 that sulfuric acid with 98% keeps system pH, and under 60-70 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.4% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add 20% sodium hydroxide then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 11-12, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 3.0h, be 0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.5h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 182.5g content and be 99.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 3
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 75g trichloromethane respectively, 25g ethanol, drop into 1209.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 0-1.0 that hydrochloric acid with 25% keeps system pH, and under 55-70 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.5% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add 10% sodium hydroxide then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 13-14, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.7h, be 1.5 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.6h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 182.3g content and be 99.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 4
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add 75g trichloromethane, 25g ethanol respectively, drop into 1209.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 0-1.0 that hydrochloric acid with 25% keeps system pH, and under 55-70 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.5% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, adds 25% hydrochloric acid then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 1.0-2.5, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.7h, refilter 90-110 ℃ of oven dry down, promptly get 182.3g content and be 99.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 5
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add 75g trichloromethane 25g ethanol respectively, drop into 1209.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 0-1.0 that hydrochloric acid with 25% keeps system pH, and under 55-70 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.5% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, adds 37% hydrochloric acid then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 2.0-4.0, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.7h, refilter 90-110 ℃ of oven dry down, promptly get 182.3g content and be 99.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 6
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add 3000g methyl alcohol respectively, 5000g ethanol, drop into 1099.5g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 2.0-3.2 that phosphoric acid with 85% keeps system pH, and under 55-65 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.4% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add 30% potassium hydroxide then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 11-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.6h, be 3.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.8h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 181.3g content and be 98.1% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 7
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 6000g Virahol respectively, drop into 1154.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 4.0-5.0 that nitric acid with 65% keeps system pH, and under 50-65 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.1% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add sheet alkali then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 12-14, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.0h, be 2.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.9h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 181.5g content and be 98.0% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 8
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add 4000g second cyanogen respectively, drop into 1264.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 5.0-6.0 that sulfuric acid with 30% keeps system pH, and under 50-68 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.3% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add sheet alkali then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.2h, be 2.5 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.7h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 181.2g content and be 98.4% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 9
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add 3000g toluene respectively, drop into 1319.4g clorox (content 13%) again, it is 1.0-3.0 that sulfuric acid with 80% keeps system pH, and under 53-65 ℃, reaction is to 3, control content is 99.0% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, under normal pressure, add sheet alkali then, make pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 3.0h, be 1.5 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.5h, refilter, 90-110 ℃ of down oven dry, promptly get 181.0g content and be 98.4% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 10
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 6000g ethyl acetate respectively, the 1000g chloroform, drop into 266.0g hydrogen peroxide (content 27%) again, 227.3g hydrochloric acid (content 37%), keeping system pH with 65% nitric acid again is 1.0-4.0, under 60-70 ℃, reaction to 3, control content is 99.0% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, then under normal pressure, add sheet alkali, making pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.5h, is 1.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 1.0h refilters, 90-110 ℃ of oven dry down, promptly get 181.9g content and be 98.3% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 11
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 1000g methylene dichloride respectively, drop into 241.9g hydrogen peroxide (content 27%) again, 294.4g hydrochloric acid (content 25%), keeping system pH with 80% sulfuric acid again is 1.0-4.0, under 60-65 ℃, reaction to 3, control content is 99.0% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, then under normal pressure, add sheet alkali, making pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.5h, is 2.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 0.9h refilters, 90-110 ℃ of oven dry down, promptly get 181.3g content and be 98.4% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.
Embodiment 12
100.0g in the benzene nitrile (content 99%), add the 500g ether respectively, drop into 302.3g hydrogen peroxide (content 27%) again, 246.2g hydrochloric acid (content 37%), keeping system pH with 30% sulfuric acid again is 1.0-4.0, under 60-65 ℃, reaction to 3, control content is 99.0% in the 5-dichlorobenzonitrile, then under normal pressure, add sheet alkali, making pH value of reaction system remain on 12-13, behind the 80-90 ℃ of insulation reaction 2.5h, is 1.0 with 37% hcl acidifying to system pH again, under 50-60 ℃, reaction 1.0h refilters, 90-110 ℃ of oven dry down, promptly get 181.2g content and be 98.3% 3, the 5-dichlorobenzoic acid.