CN103223981B - Low-floor total-load bearing type purely electric urban public bus body structure - Google Patents
Low-floor total-load bearing type purely electric urban public bus body structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103223981B CN103223981B CN201310175775.8A CN201310175775A CN103223981B CN 103223981 B CN103223981 B CN 103223981B CN 201310175775 A CN201310175775 A CN 201310175775A CN 103223981 B CN103223981 B CN 103223981B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-floor total-load bearing type purely electric urban public bus body structure and relates to the field of bus structure design. A middle section of a body is in an integrated load bearing type double-layer truss structure consisting of an upper-layer frame structure, a lower-layer frame structure, and a plurality of vertical columns and inclined pulling plates for connecting the upper-layer frame structure with the lower-layer frame structure, wherein an interval between the upper-layer frame structure and the lower-layer frame structure is 130mm to 150mm, and the terrain clearance of a floor is 350mm to 370mm, so that primary stepping is realized; intersection points of transverse rods and longitudinal rods of the upper-layer frame structure and the lower-layer frame structure are aligned in the perpendicular direction; small-section vertical columns are arranged at the intersection points to connect the upper-layer frame structure with the lower-layer frame structure, so that the upper-layer and lower-layer rods and the vertical columns form a quadrangular frame; and the inclined pulling plates are arranged on diagonal lines of the quadrangular frame in the extension direction of the diagonal lines of the quadrangular frame under the dangerous working conditions. With a low floor, a passenger can conveniently get on or off a bus; the gravity of the whole bus is reduced due to the low floor; and the safety, comfort and stability of the bus are improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to passenger vehicle structure design field, particularly a kind of novel full-bearing type urban bus body structure form.
Technical background
In recent years, along with expanding economy, city private car is more and more, and the road causing is thus crowded day by day serious with environmental pollution.The caused fuel oil of development by automobile industry is in short supply, and the oil price problem such as skyrocket also more and more highlights.Can alleviate at present traffic pressure, facilitating the simple and the most most economical approach that passenger goes on a journey is to greatly develop public transport as far as possible.Compared with other vehicle, city motor bus mainly contains two large advantages: the one, and cost is low; The 2nd, can utilize existing road, so public transport has been subject to great attention in recent years, and along with the improving constantly of the current level of urbanization, urban public transport becomes focus gradually, people also have higher requirement to urban bus.
At present, most of bus body structure of domestic operation is substantially all multistage fuel bus of marking time, and more novel is the low entrance hybrid-power bus that one-level is marked time on a small quantity.
Low floor bearing-type pure electric bus, compared with traditional bus, has following advantage:
One, China is in aging population accelerated development period at present, and the elderly's trip more and more receives publicity.Compared with common bus, chassis is lower, in car floor and ground only a step pitch from low floor bus, facilitate old man, children and physical disabilities by bus, and passenger getting on/off is faster, can shorten thus station length of the halt, thereby improve bus efficiency of operation, also the corresponding volume of passenger traffic that increased.The center of gravity of the low car load in floor reduces simultaneously, has also improved safety, traveling comfort and the stability of vehicle.
Two, electronlmobil is owing to adopting electric energy as propulsion source, so the volume of motor is little compared with the explosive motor of electronlmobil and equal-wattage, the degree of utilization of energy is high, vibration noise is little, easy to operate, add bus line and fix, stop website and fix, be convenient to like this set up electrically-charging equipment in the concentrated place of bus, feasible degree is large.
Applicant, by a large amount of investigation summary and theoretical investigation, in meeting people's demand, based on full carrying thought, has invented the pure e-bus body structure of a kind of rational low floor bearing-type.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of pure e-bus body structure of novel low floor full-bearing type of the applicable market demand.
By reference to the accompanying drawings, be described as follows:
The pure electronic urban bus body structure of a kind of low floor full-bearing type by forward and backwardly enclosing, the branch unit such as top cover, left and right gusset and underframe forms, wherein underframe is made up of front overhang, rear overhang and underframe stage casing three parts again, the space truss structure that its each branch unit is all made up of small bore rod member.This body structure opens passenger door forward and backward outstanding, body center portion is complete framed structure, the double-deck truss structure of an integrated carrying-type that body understructure stage casing is made up of upper story frame structure, lower story frame structure and some their columns of connection and oblique pull plate, the spacing of levels framed structure is 140 ± 10mm, floor terrain clearance is 360 ± 10mm, has realized one-level and has marked time; Its at the middle and upper levels framed structure and lower story frame structure transverse bar member and longitudinally the intersection point of rod member align in vertical direction, small bore column is arranged in intersection point place and connects levels framework, levels rod member and column have formed quadrilateral frame like this, oblique pull plate is arranged on the diagonal line of quadrilateral frame, and the direction of layout is the direction along quadrilateral frame diagonal line extends when the dangerous working condition; Upper and lower story frame structure is all made up of small bore transverse bar member, the longitudinal rod member of small bore and small bore diagonal brace.
Described underframe transverse bar member and the longitudinally most of employing of rod member sectional dimension are the rectangular steel pipe of high 40～50mm, wide 40～50mm, thick 2～4mm; It is the rectangular steel pipe of long 30～40mm, wide 30～40mm, thick 1.5～2.5mm that the column in underframe stage casing and diagonal brace adopt sectional dimension; Oblique pull plate in underframe adopts the Free vibration of wide 30～40mm, thick 2～4mm.
The horizontal weld on oblique pull plate top adopting and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the lower extreme point of inclined weld and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The horizontal weld of oblique pull plate bottom and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the upper extreme point of inclined weld and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The minimum spacing of weld seam and post is 30～42mm.
The local hillside fields plate that adopts in back axle place of described double-deck truss-like Undercarriage structure, the gradient is approximately 2 °～3 °, this hillside fields plate goes up a slope and originates in apart from 2460mm place, rear overhang mid point front, end at apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front, descending originates in apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, end at apart from 960mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front to being flat apart from this section of floor at 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
This body structure can reduce the non axial load of the each rod member of structure effectively, thereby make stressed more reasonable, the more evenly maximum capacity of performance structural elements of load distribution of car load, compare with similar vehicle, intensity, the rigidity of vehicle body have all obtained actv. raising, under equal conditions, body structure weight can reduce more than 15%.Weld seam design makes the high stress areas of weld heat-affected zone away from soldered beam, thereby improve the load-carrying capacity of structure, the utility model adopts low floor to facilitate passenger getting on/off, improve bus operation efficiency, the center of gravity of the low car load in floor reduces, and has also improved safety, traveling comfort and the stability of vehicle; Adopt electric energy as propulsion source, motor takes up space little, and the degree of utilization of energy is high, and vibration noise is little, easy to operate.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the each branch unit schematic diagram of body structure;
Fig. 2 is car load schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is underframe lateral plan and levels framed structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is underframe lateral plan and some partial views;
Fig. 5 is that oblique pull plate is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the layout schematic diagram of underframe stage casing part birds-eye view and the horizontal oblique pull plate of underframe;
Fig. 7 is the layout schematic diagram of underframe birds-eye view and longitudinal oblique pull plate;
Fig. 8 is car load master layout schematic diagram;
Wherein: 1, front wall 2, back wall 3, top cover 4, left-side 5, right side wall 6, underframe 7, driver door 8, tail gate 9, underframe column I 10, longitudinally oblique pull plate I 11, laterally oblique pull plate I 12, lower transverse bar member I 13, upper transverse bar member I 14, left-side column I 15, underframe column II 16, underframe column III 17, laterally oblique pull plate II 18, longitudinally oblique pull plate II 19, longitudinally oblique pull plate III 20, longitudinally oblique pull plate IV 21, longitudinally oblique pull plate V 22, longitudinally oblique pull plate VI 23, longitudinally oblique pull plate VII 24, driver's chair 25, entire car controller 26, change-speed box 27, motor 28, electric machine controller B, battery
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described further:
This body structure as shown in Figure 1, is made up of branch units such as front wall 1, back wall 2, top cover 3, left-side 4, right side wall 5 and underframe 6, and wherein underframe is made up of front overhang, rear overhang and underframe stage casing three parts again.The space truss structure that its each branch unit is all made up of small bore rod member.This body structure opens passenger door forward and backward outstanding, ensure that body center portion carrying structure is complete, the truss structure that body center portion is complete is like this made the as a whole extremely strong load-carrying capacity that has, as shown in Figure 2 (wherein 7 is driver doors, the 8th, tail gate).The main bang path of the suffered load of this body structure is: load passes to left and right gusset fast by Undercarriage structure, passes to fore suspension and rear suspension structure again by left and right sides closed structure.
Body understructure as shown in Figure 3, the double-deck truss structure of an integrated carrying-type being formed by upper story frame structure, lower story frame structure and some their columns of connection and oblique pull plate, the spacing of levels framed structure is 140 ± 10mm, and floor terrain clearance is 360 ± 10mm, has realized one-level and has marked time.Upper story frame structure and lower story frame structure are all made up of small bore transverse bar member, the longitudinal rod member of small bore and small bore diagonal brace, for proof stress can transmit well at each intersection of underframe rod member, stress is concentrated not obvious, make each rod member reasonable stress, performance rod member maximum capacity, the diagonal brace of the diagonal brace of upper story frame structure and lower story frame structure is staggered form and distributes overlooking in direction, as shown in Figure 6, the diagonal brace of upper story frame structure and the diagonal brace of lower story frame structure are specifically arranged as shown in the Local map in Fig. 3.Simultaneously in order to ensure that body structure has good rigidity and good stress water conservancy diversion, upper story frame structure aligns in vertical direction with the transverse bar member of lower story frame structure and the intersection point of longitudinal rod member, and small bore column is arranged in intersection point place and connects levels framework.Levels rod member and small bore column have formed quadrilateral frame like this, a little less than the unstable and load-carrying capacity of quadrilateral frame, and underframe levels distance is too little, the bad layout of diagonal brace that underframe is horizontal and vertical and manufacturability are bad is not easy to welding operation, so adopt double-deck oblique pull plate in the same way to replace diagonal brace.Compared with diagonal brace, oblique pull plate can only bear and draws and can not bear pressure, thus the present invention by the Aberration nephogram of preanalysis under dangerous working condition judge tension direction by all oblique pull plate reasonable Arrangement on the diagonal line prolonging direction of quadrilateral frame.
Vehicle body rod member is mainly subject to vertical load and produces flexural deformation, and the suffered flexure stress of the upper and lower surface of beam is larger like this, is high stress areas, and the heat affected zone of weld seam can affect the mechanical property of material.The design of position while welding and size not only will ensure weld strength in view of the foregoing, and to make the high stress areas of weld heat-affected zone away from soldered beam, thereby improve the load-carrying capacity of structure, so concrete position while welding and the size of the relative quadrilateral frame shelf structure of oblique pull plate are as follows: the horizontal weld on oblique pull plate top adopting and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the lower extreme point of inclined weld and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The horizontal weld of oblique pull plate bottom and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the upper extreme point of inclined weld and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The minimum spacing of weld seam and post is 30～42mm.
The transverse bar member and the most of employing of the longitudinal rod member sectional dimension that form double-deck underframe are the rectangular steel pipe of high 40～50mm, wide 40～50mm, thick 2～4mm mm; It is the rectangular steel pipe of long 30～40mm, wide 30～40mm, thick 1.5～2.5mm that post adopts sectional dimension; It is the rectangular steel pipe of long 30～40mm, wide 30～40mm, thick 1.5～2.5mm that diagonal brace adopts sectional dimension; Oblique pull plate adopts wide 30～40mm, the Free vibration of thick 2～4mm.
Body structure of the present utility model is low floor, and passenger getting on/off is without ladder, and on floor, only there is 360mm on plan range ground, and underframe is that the spacing of double-deck truss structure and levels is 140mm, as shown in the liftoff spacing schematic diagram of base plate thickness in Fig. 4 and floor.Do not interfere in order to ensure the installation of vehicle bridge and the motion of parts, near floor back axle is designed to the gradient of about 2 °～3 °, this hillside fields plate goes up a slope and originates in apart from 2460mm place, rear overhang mid point front, end at apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front, descending originates in apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, end at apart from 960mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front to being flat apart from this section of floor at 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, as shown in the partial enlarged drawing on Fig. 4 mesoslope floor.
Because the thin space of underframe of low-floor bus is little, the layout of the large parts such as motor, battery, controller is more difficult.Consider floor space and load distribution, for making load distribution and the axle load distribution of car load more reasonable.Can utilize seat spaces, entire car controller, battery, electric machine controller etc. are arranged in to body center portion, and motor and gearbox arrangement are at vehicle body back segment, as: under the seat by battery arrangement in the passenger accommodation at vehicle body middle part, be beneficial to the layout of low floor vehicle body structure, rear overhang left side is longitudinally arranged to a platoon leader is about the boss that 2040mm, the wide 756mm of being about, height are about 550mm, by the floor space of motor and gearbox arrangement boss below, on boss, seat can be installed, as shown in arranging the partial enlarged drawing at motor and change-speed box place in Fig. 4.The front and back axle load of balance car load, makes full use of stage casing load-carrying capacity like this, considers that motor and change-speed box volume are large and vibration is large simultaneously, longitudinally arranges that one arranges the seat of raising and increases floor space at rear overhang place, and arrangement as shown in Figure 8.
The top cover of body structure, the branch units such as front wall and back wall flexible design as the case may be.
This body structure of setting up based on said method can reduce the non axial load of the each rod member of structure effectively, thereby make stressed more reasonable, the more evenly maximum capacity of performance structural elements of load distribution of car load, compare with similar vehicle, intensity, the rigidity of vehicle body have all obtained actv. raising, under equal conditions, body structure weight can reduce more than 15%.
Because this low floor underframe levels distance is too little, the bad layout of diagonal brace and manufacturability are bad is not easy to welding operation, so adopt Double-layer oblique arm-tie to replace diagonal brace.Compared with diagonal brace, oblique pull plate can only bear and draw and can not bear pressure, thus the present invention by load the Aberration nephogram of preanalysis judge tension direction by oblique pull plate reasonable Arrangement in structure tension direction.Oblique pull plate (comprising horizontal and vertical) between underframe levels adopts the thin plate of parallelogram, as shown in Figure 5, know by loading preanalysis the tetragonal diagonal line M-N tension being formed by lower transverse bar member I 12, upper transverse bar member I 13, left-side column I 14, underframe column II 15, so oblique pull plate is arranged in to the direction of diagonal line M-N, the lower surface A1 of oblique pull plate end b1-c1 and lower transverse bar member I 12 is parallel to each other, and with A1 at a distance of 4～8mm; The upper surface A2 of oblique pull plate the other end b2-c2 and upper transverse bar member I 13 is parallel to each other, and with A2 at a distance of 4～8mm.The concrete position of weld of oblique pull plate and soldered beam is as follows: end b1-c1 and end b2-c2 all weld, the upper surface B1 of the lower transverse bar member I 12 of end points a1 distance of the fillet in parallel shear a1-b1 of the oblique pull plate adjacent with end is 4～6mm, in like manner the upper surface B1 of the lower transverse bar member I 12 of the end points d1 of fillet in parallel shear c1-d1 distance is 4～6mm, in the end points a2 distance of fillet in parallel shear a2-b2, the lower surface B2 of transverse bar member I 13 is 4～6mm, and in the end points d2 distance of fillet in parallel shear c2-d2, the lower surface B2 of transverse bar member I 13 is 4～6mm.Oblique pull plate end points c1 is 30～42mm apart from left-side column I 14, and oblique pull plate end points b2 is 30～42mm apart from underframe column II 15.
The layout of the horizontal oblique pull plate of underframe is much the same, illustrate as an example of one of them transversal surface example, as shown in Figure 6, under underframe, between transverse bar member I 12 and upper transverse bar member I 13, supported by underframe column II 15 and underframe column III 16, laterally oblique pull plate I 11 and horizontal oblique pull plate II 17 are arranged in the outside of underframe column II 15 and underframe column III 16, between underframe column II 15 and underframe column III 16, do not arrange oblique pull plate, laterally oblique pull plate I 11 is connected lower transverse bar member I 12 and upper transverse bar member I 13 with horizontal oblique pull plate II 17; Underframe is longitudinally the layout of the oblique pull plate between the longitudinal rod member of body center portion underframe levels, as shown in Figure 7, longitudinally oblique pull plate II 18, longitudinally oblique pull plate III 19, longitudinally oblique pull plate IV 20 is parallel to each other substantially, longitudinally oblique pull plate V 21, longitudinally oblique pull plate VI 22, longitudinally oblique pull plate VII 23 is parallel to each other substantially, and longitudinal oblique pull plate II 18, longitudinal oblique pull plate III 19, longitudinal oblique pull plate IV 20 are with longitudinal oblique pull plate V 21, longitudinal oblique pull plate VI 22, longitudinal oblique pull plate VII 23 substantially about underframe column II 15 symmetries, and the distribution at opposite side A place is identical with it.
Vehicle body manufacture adopts full carrying manufacturing process, first completes the overall amalgamation of body structure skeleton, then carries out the installation of the parts such as suspension, motor.Both can ensure the performance of practical structures, stressed and design analysis term harmonization, also be convenient to the overall rust protection processing of body framwork.
Applicant has designed the pure e-bus of low floor bearing-type of a 12 meters according to the utility model, the cae analysis result of body structure performance is as follows:
Vehicle body bending stiffness is: K=9.33 × 10
6n/m
Similar vehicle reference value is: (5.99～10.41) × 10
6n/m
Body torsional rigdity is: K=6.44 × 10
4nM/deg
Similar vehicle reference value is: (2.93～4.12) × 10
4nM/deg
Vehicle body first-order bending vibration model frequency is: 12.79HZ
Similar vehicle reference value is: 8.2～14.1HZ
Vehicle body single order torsional vibration model frequency is: 6.14HZ
Similar vehicle reference value is: 5.8～9.1HZ
The fully loaded bending operating mode maximum stress of vehicle body is: 287MPa
Material (16Mn) yield limit: 345MPa
The unsettled operating mode maximum stress of vehicle body revolver is: 319MPa
Material (16Mn) yield limit: 345MPa
Vehicle body is right takes turns unsettled operating mode maximum stress and is: 307MPa
Material (16Mn) yield limit: 345MPa
Above analysis result show this car property indices all between or be better than similar vehicle, and the similar vehicle of the weight ratio of body structure is light, is about 15%.
Claims (2)
1. the pure electronic urban bus body structure of low floor full-bearing type, by front, back wall, top cover, left, right side wall and underframe branch unit composition, wherein underframe is again by front overhang, rear overhang and underframe stage casing three parts form, the space truss structure that its each branch unit is all made up of small bore rod member, this body structure opens passenger door front, rear overhang, underframe stage casing is complete framed structure, it is characterized in that: underframe stage casing is by upper story frame structure, the double-deck truss structure of an integrated carrying-type of lower story frame structure and some their columns of connection and oblique pull plate composition, the spacing of levels framed structure is 140 ± 10mm, floor terrain clearance is 360 ± 10mm, having realized one-level marks time, its at the middle and upper levels framed structure and lower story frame structure transverse bar member and longitudinally the intersection point of rod member align in vertical direction, column is arranged in intersection point place and connects levels framed structure, levels rod member and column have formed quadrilateral frame like this, oblique pull plate is arranged on the diagonal line of quadrilateral frame, and the direction of layout is the direction along quadrilateral frame diagonal line extends when the dangerous working condition, upper and lower story frame structure is all made up of small bore transverse bar member, the longitudinal rod member of small bore, small bore column and small bore diagonal brace,
It is the rectangular steel pipe of high 40～50mm, wide 40～50mm, thick 2～4mm that the transverse bar member in described underframe stage casing and longitudinally rod member adopt sectional dimension; It is the rectangular steel pipe of long 30～40mm, wide 30～40mm, thick 1.5～2.5mm that the column in underframe stage casing and diagonal brace adopt sectional dimension; The oblique pull plate in underframe stage casing adopts the Free vibration of wide 30～40mm, thick 2～4mm;
The described horizontal weld on oblique pull plate top and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the lower extreme point of inclined weld and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The horizontal weld of oblique pull plate bottom and the lower surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～8mm, and the upper extreme point of inclined weld and the upper surface of soldered rod member are at a distance of 4～6mm; The minimum spacing of weld seam and column is 30～42mm.
2. the pure electronic urban bus body structure of a kind of low floor full-bearing type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the local hillside fields plate that adopts in back axle place in the underframe stage casing of described double-deck truss structure formula, the gradient is approximately 2 °～3 °, this hillside fields plate goes up a slope and originates in apart from 2460mm place, rear overhang mid point front, end at apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front, descending originates in apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, end at apart from 960mm place, rear overhang mid point rear, apart from 215mm place, rear overhang mid point front to being flat apart from this section of floor at 215mm place, rear overhang mid point rear.
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| CN201310175775.8A CN103223981B (en) | 2013-05-12 | 2013-05-12 | Low-floor total-load bearing type purely electric urban public bus body structure |
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| CN201310175775.8A CN103223981B (en) | 2013-05-12 | 2013-05-12 | Low-floor total-load bearing type purely electric urban public bus body structure |
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| CN103538632B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波吉利汽车研究开发有限公司 | A kind of high-strength monocoque body system |
| CN103523087B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2016-03-02 | 东风汽车公司 | Single-board structural internal truss car body |
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| CN105059401A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 云南航天神州汽车有限公司 | Electric van-type vehicle with one-step low floor |
| CN105857398B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2018-03-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of general-purpose type pure electric coach Undercarriage structure |
| CN108466657B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2024-01-16 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | Combined beam for frame, middle section frame using combined beam and vehicle |
| CN107176208A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-19 | 安徽广通汽车制造股份有限公司 | A kind of multistage modular structure vehicle frame of pure electric coach |
| CN109484494B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-05-04 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Modular vehicle |
| CN109941346B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-11-09 | 湖南中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | Full-load vehicle frame middle section structure |
| CN109927783B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-04-19 | 北京北方华德尼奥普兰客车股份有限公司 | Front independent bridge auxiliary frame |
| CN110641270A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-03 | 安徽安凯汽车股份有限公司 | Pure electric business passenger car battery mounting structure |
| CN111591356A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-28 | 长安大学 | Triangular ring chain type vehicle body structure of full-bearing pure electric double-layer tourism bus |
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