CN103220476B - Image processing apparatus and method - Google Patents
Image processing apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103220476B CN103220476B CN201210019091.4A CN201210019091A CN103220476B CN 103220476 B CN103220476 B CN 103220476B CN 201210019091 A CN201210019091 A CN 201210019091A CN 103220476 B CN103220476 B CN 103220476B
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Abstract
A kind of image processing apparatus and method, this image processing apparatus comprises a sampling unit, an amplifier, an analog-digital converter and a white balance unit.Sampling unit is in order to obtain a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling.Amplifier is in order to amplify pixel voltage according to an analog gain.Analog-digital converter is a digital pixel data in order to change the pixel voltage after amplifying, and digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours.White balance unit, in order to according to analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, carries out white balance compensation to this little first sub-pixel data respectively and obtains multiple second sub-pixel data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image processing apparatus and method.
Background technology
Existing photo-sensitive cell comprises charge coupled cell (chargecoupleddevice, CCD) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) (complementarymetaloxidesemiconductor, CMOS) two type.Because the sticking potential (maximum trap appearance) of photo-sensitive cell can design in the working range of analog-digital converter, usually so when analog-digital converter adopts minimum analog gain, saturation region can be clamped in working range.Pixel data can cause high brightness colour cast or high brightness noise usually through Digital Image Processing.General application can give on larger analog-gain value exceedes analog-digital converter working range to allow saturation region be clamped at, therefore can avoid producing image flaw problem, but larger yield value can be sacrificed dynamic range and be increased overall noise.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure relates to a kind of image processing apparatus and method, can improve the dynamic range of image.
According to first aspect of the present disclosure, propose a kind of image processing apparatus, comprise a sampling unit, an amplifier, an analog-digital converter and a white balance unit.Sampling unit is in order to obtain a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling.Amplifier is in order to amplify pixel voltage according to an analog gain.Analog-digital converter is a digital pixel data in order to change the pixel voltage after amplifying, and digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours.White balance unit, in order to according to analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, carries out white balance compensation to this little first sub-pixel data respectively and obtains multiple second sub-pixel data.
According to second aspect of the present disclosure, propose a kind of image processing method, comprise the following steps.One pixel voltage is obtained to a pixel sampling.Pixel voltage is amplified according to an analog gain.The pixel voltage changed after amplifying is a digital pixel data, and digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours.According to analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, respectively white balance compensation is carried out to this little first sub-pixel data and obtain multiple second sub-pixel data.
In order to have better understanding to above-mentioned and other aspect of the present disclosure, an embodiment cited below particularly, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail below:
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the calcspar of the image processing apparatus implementing example according to.
Fig. 2 illustrates the flow chart of the exposure expansion implementing the white balance unit of example according to.
Fig. 3 illustrate the second sub-pixel data of implementing example according to one to time for exposure/schematic diagram of photosensitivity.
[main element symbol description]
100: image processing apparatus
105: automatic exposure unit
110: sampling unit
120: amplifier
130: analog-digital converter
140: black alignment unit
150: Automatic white balance unit
150: white balance unit
170: color interpolation unit
Embodiment
The image processing apparatus that the disclosure proposes and method, can improve the dynamic range of image, and take into account the less application of noise.
The disclosure proposes a kind of image processing apparatus, comprises a sampling unit, an amplifier, an analog-digital converter and a white balance unit.Sampling unit obtains a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling.Amplifier amplifies pixel voltage according to an analog gain.The pixel voltage after amplifying changed by analog-digital converter is a digital pixel data, and digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours.White balance unit, according to analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, carries out white balance compensation to this little first sub-pixel data respectively and obtains multiple second sub-pixel data.
In addition, white balance unit is in the process producing these the second sub-pixel data, can first according to these first sub-pixel data and these white balance gains, to produce multiple 3rd sub-pixel data, then the maximum trap according to analog gain and pixel holds (fullwelllevel), judge whether this little 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp (clamp is referred to as again " pinching "), to produce the second sub-pixel data.
Please refer to Fig. 1, it illustrates the calcspar of the image processing apparatus implementing example according to.Image processing apparatus 100 comprises an automatic exposure (autoexposure, AE) unit 105, sampling unit 110, amplifier 120, analog-digital converter 130, black calibration (DigitalBlackLevelCalibration, DBLC) unit 140, Automatic white balance (autowhitebalance, AWB) unit 150, white balance unit 160 and a color interpolation (CFAinterpolation) unit 170.Wherein, sampling unit 110, amplifier 120 and analog-digital converter 130 are such as integrated in an imageing sensor (imagesensor), and this imageing sensor can also comprise or externally be coupled to a photo-sensitive cell, for example charge coupled cell (CCD, or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) (complementarymetaloxidesemiconductor Charge-coupledDevice), CMOS), to provide the image input signal needed for sampling unit 110.In addition, black alignment unit 140, white balance unit 160 and color interpolation unit 170 are such as integrated in an image processor, but do not limit.In addition, this image processor also can comprise color correction unit, Gamma correction (GammaCorrection) unit and image enhaucament (ImageEnhancement is referred to as again " increasing aobvious ") unit.
Automatic exposure unit 105 controls sampling unit 110 to obtain a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling.Automatic exposure unit 105 also provides an analog gain Analog_Gain to amplifier 120, makes amplifier 120 amplify pixel voltage according to analog gain Analog_Gain.The pixel voltage after amplifying changed by analog-digital converter 130 is a digital pixel data, this digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours, such as red subpixel data R, green subpixel data Gr/Gb and blue subpixel data B etc.
Black alignment unit 140 is coupled between digital analog converter 130 and white balance unit 160, and it carries out black calibration to digital pixel data.
Automatic exposure unit 105 provides analog gain Analog_Gain to white balance unit 160; Simultaneously, Automatic white balance unit 150 also provides the multiple white balance gains WB_Gains corresponding to different subpixel to white balance unit 160, and this multiple white balance gains WB_Gains such as comprises the white balance gains WB_B_Gain etc. of the white balance gains WB_R_Gain of corresponding red subpixel data R, the white balance gains WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain of corresponding green subpixel data Gr/Gb and corresponding blue subpixel data B.The analog gain Analog_Gain that white balance unit 160 provides according to automatic exposure unit 105 and multiple white balance gains WB_Gains that Automatic white balance unit 150 provides, respectively white balance compensation is carried out to this little first sub-pixel data and obtain multiple second sub-pixel data, and be supplied to an original image (RAWimage) data that white balance unit 160 comprises these the second sub-pixel data.The raw image data that color interpolation unit 170 dialogue balancing unit 160 exports carries out interpolation to obtain a three-primary-color image (RGBimage) data.
Please refer to Fig. 2, it illustrates the flow chart of the exposure expansion implementing the white balance unit of example according to, and it can be applicable in the white balance compensation operation that the white balance unit 160 shown in Fig. 1 carries out.In step s 200, white balance unit 160 obtains multiple 3rd sub-pixel data according to this little first sub-pixel data with this corresponding a little white balance gains WB_Gains.Preferably, white balance unit 160 calculates the product of this white balance gains WB_Gains a little first sub-pixel data therewith respectively using as this little 3rd sub-pixel data.Such as, the product of red subpixel data R and white balance gains WB_R_Gain is the 3rd sub-pixel data R ', the product of green subpixel data Gr/Gb and white balance gains WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain be the product of the 3rd sub-pixel data Gr '/Gb ' and blue subpixel data B and white balance gains WB_B_Gain is the 3rd sub-pixel data B '.
In step S210, white balance unit 160 judges that one of this pixel maximum trap holds (fullwelllevel) whether in the scope that analog gain Analog_Gain is corresponding, this scope is defined by the figure place of analog gain Analog_Gain and analog-digital converter 130 and is obtained, such as, scope between the digital pixel data that this scope is analog gain Analog_Gain when being 1 times and the analog-digital converter 130 convertible maximum number pixel data 2n of n position.When maximum trap holds not in scope, flow process terminates.In other words, white balance unit 160 is this little 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp not, and exports this little 3rd sub-pixel data as this little second sub-pixel data.
But, when maximum trap holds in scope, then carry out step S220 and S230 in proper order.In a step 220, white balance unit 160 can hold according to maximum trap and calculate a current maximum trap with analog gain Analog_Gain and hold.Preferably, white balance unit 160 can hold as current maximum trap by the product that holds of calculating simulation gain A nalog_Gain and maximum trap.Further, white balance unit 160 can limit current maximum trap and holds and be not more than 2
n-1, n is the figure place of pixel.In other words, if the product that analog gain Analog_Gain and maximum trap hold is greater than 2
n-1time, current maximum trap appearance can be set and equal 2 in fact
n-1.
Next, in step S230, this little 3rd sub-pixel data and current maximum trap are held and are compared by white balance unit 160, to judge whether this little 3rd sub-pixel data is greater than current maximum trap and holds respectively.When judged result is no, flow process terminates, that is white balance unit 160 not clamp be not greater than the 3rd sub-pixel data that current maximum trap holds, and export second sub-pixel data of the 3rd sub-pixel data as correspondence.Otherwise when judged result is for being, in step S240, white balance unit 160 clamp is greater than the 3rd sub-pixel data that current maximum trap holds, such as current maximum trap appearance can be exported as the second corresponding sub-pixel data.
More specifically, hold when the 3rd sub-pixel data R ' is greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal current maximum trap appearance; Otherwise, hold when the 3rd sub-pixel data R ' is not greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal the 3rd sub-pixel data R '.Similarly, hold when three sub-pixel data Gr '/Gb ' is greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal current maximum trap appearance; Otherwise, hold when the 3rd sub-pixel data Gr '/Gb ' is not greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal the 3rd sub-pixel data Gr '/Gb '.Similarly, hold when the 3rd sub-pixel data B ' is greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal current maximum trap appearance; Otherwise, hold when the 3rd sub-pixel data B ' is not greater than current maximum trap, then can set the second corresponding sub-pixel data and equal the 3rd sub-pixel data B '.
In sum, the second sub-pixel data can be clamped on current maximum trap appearance in the present embodiment.Please refer to Fig. 3, its illustrate the second sub-pixel data of implementing example according to one to time for exposure/schematic diagram of photosensitivity.Can learn by Fig. 3, when image processing apparatus improves photosensitivity (that is increasing analog gain Analog_Gain), second sub-pixel data can be clamped on current maximum trap and hold, so can not produce high brightness colour cast or high brightness noise because of larger analog gain Analog_Gain.
The disclosure also proposes a kind of image processing method, comprises the following steps.One pixel voltage is obtained to a pixel sampling.Pixel voltage is amplified according to an analog gain.The pixel voltage changed after amplifying is a digital pixel data, and digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours.According to analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, respectively white balance compensation is carried out to this little first sub-pixel data and obtain multiple second sub-pixel data.The operation principles of this image processing method has described in detail in the content of image processing apparatus 100 and associative operation thereof, therefore no longer repeats at this.
Image processing apparatus disclosed in disclosure above-described embodiment and method, according to analog gain and white balance gains to carry out white balance compensation to pixel data, wherein also can utilize comparing with effective clamp pixel data for current maximum trap appearance and pixel data.Therefore, above-described embodiment can improve the phenomenon of brightness colour cast and high brightness noise, therefore can increase the dynamic range of image, and takes into account the less application of noise, promotes overall image quality.
In sum, although the present invention is with multiple embodiment openly as above, so itself and be not used to limit the present invention.Those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when being used for a variety of modifications and variations.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on the appended claims person of defining.
Claims (20)
1. an image processing apparatus, comprising:
One sampling unit, in order to obtain a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling;
One amplifier, in order to amplify this pixel voltage according to an analog gain;
One analog-digital converter, be a digital pixel data in order to change this pixel voltage after amplifying, this digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours; And
One white balance unit, in order to according to this analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, carries out white balance compensation to these first sub-pixel data respectively and obtains multiple second sub-pixel data,
Wherein this white balance unit is according to these first sub-pixel data and these white balance gains, to produce multiple 3rd sub-pixel data, and hold (fullwelllevel) according to a maximum trap of this analog gain and this pixel, judge whether these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp (clamp), to produce these the second sub-pixel data.
2. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein this white balance unit product of calculating these white balance gains and these the first sub-pixel data is respectively using as these the 3rd sub-pixel data.
3. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein whether this maximum trap of this white balance unit judges holds in the scope that this analog gain is corresponding, when this maximum trap holds within the scope of this, hold and this analog gain according to this maximum trap, calculate a current maximum trap to hold, and by these the 3rd sub-pixel data respectively maximum trap current with this hold and compare, to judge whether that these the 3rd number of sub-pixels of clamp produce these the second sub-pixel data according to this, wherein this scope is defined by the figure place of this analog gain and this analog-digital converter and is obtained.
4. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein when this maximum trap holds not within the scope of this, this white balance unit is these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp not.
5. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein this white balance unit calculates the product that this analog gain and this maximum trap hold and holds as this current maximum trap.
6. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein this white balance unit more limits this current maximum trap and holds and be not more than 2
(n-1), n is the figure place of this pixel.
7. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein this white balance unit judges whether these the 3rd sub-pixel data are greater than this current maximum trap and hold respectively, when judged result is for being, these the 3rd sub-pixel data of this white balance unit clamp, when judged result is no, this white balance unit is these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp not.
8. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein when these the 3rd sub-pixel data of this white balance unit clamp, this white balance unit exports this current maximum trap to be held as these the second sub-pixel data, and when this white balance unit not these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp, this white balance unit exports these the 3rd sub-pixel data as these the second sub-pixel data.
9. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, also comprises:
One automatic exposure unit, in order to control this sampling unit, and provides this analog gain to this amplifier and this white balance unit.
10. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, also comprises:
One Automatic white balance unit, in order to provide this these white balance gains of white balance unit.
11. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, also comprise:
One black alignment unit, is coupled between this digital analog converter and this white balance unit, in order to carry out black calibration to this digital pixel data.
12. image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, also comprise:
One color interpolation unit, the raw image data in order to export this white balance unit carries out interpolation to obtain three-primary-color image data, and this raw image data comprises these the second sub-pixel data.
13. 1 kinds of image processing methods, comprising:
I () obtains a pixel voltage to a pixel sampling;
(ii) this pixel voltage is amplified according to an analog gain;
(iii) by change amplify after this pixel voltage be a digital pixel data, this digital pixel data comprises multiple first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colours; And
(iv) according to this analog gain and the multiple white balance gains corresponding to different subpixel, respectively white balance compensation is carried out to these first sub-pixel data and obtains multiple second sub-pixel data,
Wherein step (iv) comprising:
(a) according to these first sub-pixel data and these white balance gains, to produce multiple 3rd sub-pixel data; And
B () holds (fullwelllevel) according to a maximum trap of this analog gain and this pixel, judge whether these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp (clamp), to produce these the second sub-pixel data.
14. image processing methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein step (a) comprises the product that calculates these white balance gains and these the first sub-pixel data respectively using as these the 3rd sub-pixel data.
15. image processing methods as claimed in claim 13, wherein step (b) comprising:
(b1) judge that this maximum trap holds whether in the scope that this analog gain is corresponding;
(b2) when this maximum trap holds within the scope of this, hold and this analog gain according to this maximum trap, calculate a current maximum trap and hold; And
(b3) by these the 3rd sub-pixel data respectively maximum trap current with this hold and compare, to judge whether that these the 3rd number of sub-pixels of clamp produce these the second sub-pixel data according to this.
16. image processing methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein step (b3) comprising:
When this maximum trap holds not within the scope of this, not these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp.
17. image processing methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein step (b2) comprising:
Calculate the product that this analog gain and this maximum trap hold to hold as this current maximum trap.
18. image processing methods as claimed in claim 17, also comprise:
Limit this current maximum trap appearance and be not more than 2
(n-1), n is the figure place of this pixel.
19. image processing methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein step (b3) comprising:
Judge whether these the 3rd sub-pixel data are greater than this current maximum trap and hold respectively; And
When judged result is for being, these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp, and when judged result is no, not these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp.
20. image processing methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein when these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp, export this current maximum trap and hold as these the second sub-pixel data; And when not these the 3rd sub-pixel data of clamp, export these the 3rd sub-pixel data as these the second sub-pixel data.
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| CN106454285B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2019-04-19 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The adjustment system and method for adjustment of white balance |
| CN106657828B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-04-30 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Photoelectric system dynamic range optimization method based on hardware model |
| CN109147718B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-05-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Brightness control device, control method thereof and display device |
| CN114363480B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-09-26 | 合肥君正科技有限公司 | Adaptive lens shading correction method and system based on color temperature and illumination |
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