CN103220476B - Image processing apparatus and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种图像处理装置及方法。The invention relates to an image processing device and method.
背景技术 Background technique
现有感光元件包括电荷耦合元件(chargecoupleddevice,CCD)及互补式金属氧化物半导体(complementarymetaloxidesemiconductor,CMOS)两类型。由于感光元件的饱和电位(最大阱容)通常会设计在模拟数字转换器的工作范围内,所以当模拟数字转换器采用最小模拟增益时,饱和区会箝位在工作范围内。像素数据经过数字图像处理通常会导致高亮度色偏或是高亮度噪声。一般应用会给予较大的模拟增益值以让饱和区箝位在超过模拟数字转换器的工作范围之上,故可以避免产生图像瑕疵问题,但较大的增益值会牺牲动态范围并增加整体噪声。Existing photosensitive elements include two types: charge coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (complementary metal oxide semiconductor, CMOS). Since the saturation potential (maximum well capacity) of the photosensitive element is usually designed within the working range of the analog-digital converter, when the analog-digital converter adopts the minimum analog gain, the saturation region will be clamped within the working range. Digital image processing of pixel data often results in high luminance color cast or high luminance noise. In general applications, a larger analog gain value is given to clamp the saturation region above the working range of the analog-to-digital converter, so that image artifacts can be avoided, but a larger gain value will sacrifice dynamic range and increase overall noise .
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本公开涉及一种图像处理装置及方法,可以改善图像的动态范围。The disclosure relates to an image processing device and method, which can improve the dynamic range of an image.
根据本公开的第一方面,提出一种图像处理装置,包括一采样单元、一放大器、一模拟数字转换器以及一白平衡单元。采样单元用以对一像素采样得到一像素电压。放大器用以依据一模拟增益放大像素电压。模拟数字转换器用以转换放大后的像素电压为一数字像素数据,数字像素数据包括对应到不同颜色的多个第一子像素数据。白平衡单元用以依据模拟增益与对应至不同子像素的多个白平衡增益,分别对此些第一子像素数据进行白平衡补偿得到多个第二子像素数据。According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an image processing device is provided, including a sampling unit, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a white balance unit. The sampling unit is used for sampling a pixel to obtain a pixel voltage. The amplifier is used for amplifying the pixel voltage according to an analog gain. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the amplified pixel voltage into digital pixel data, and the digital pixel data includes a plurality of first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colors. The white balance unit is used for respectively performing white balance compensation on the first sub-pixel data according to the analog gain and a plurality of white balance gains corresponding to different sub-pixels to obtain a plurality of second sub-pixel data.
根据本公开的第二方面,提出一种图像处理方法,包括下列步骤。对一像素采样得到一像素电压。依据一模拟增益放大像素电压。转换放大后的像素电压为一数字像素数据,数字像素数据包括对应到不同颜色的多个第一子像素数据。依据模拟增益与对应至不同子像素的多个白平衡增益,分别对此些第一子像素数据进行白平衡补偿得到多个第二子像素数据。According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an image processing method is provided, including the following steps. A pixel voltage is obtained by sampling a pixel. The pixel voltage is amplified according to an analog gain. The amplified pixel voltage is converted into digital pixel data, and the digital pixel data includes a plurality of first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colors. According to the analog gain and a plurality of white balance gains corresponding to different sub-pixels, white balance compensation is performed on the first sub-pixel data respectively to obtain a plurality of second sub-pixel data.
为了对本公开的上述及其他方面有更佳的了解,下文特举一实施例,并配合附图,作详细说明如下:In order to have a better understanding of the above-mentioned and other aspects of the present disclosure, an embodiment is given below, together with the accompanying drawings, for detailed description as follows:
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1绘示依照一实施范例的图像处理装置的方块图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an image processing device according to an embodiment.
图2绘示依照一实施范例的白平衡单元的曝光扩展的流程图。FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of exposure expansion of a white balance unit according to an embodiment.
图3绘示依照一实施范例的第二子像素数据对曝光时间/感光度的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of second sub-pixel data versus exposure time/sensitivity according to an embodiment.
【主要元件符号说明】[Description of main component symbols]
100:图像处理装置100: image processing device
105:自动曝光单元105: Automatic Exposure Unit
110:采样单元110: sampling unit
120:放大器120: Amplifier
130:模拟数字转换器130: Analog-to-Digital Converter
140:黑色校准单元140: Black calibration unit
150:自动白平衡单元150: Automatic white balance unit
150:白平衡单元150: White balance unit
170:色彩内插单元170: Color interpolation unit
具体实施方式 detailed description
本公开所提出的图像处理装置及方法,可以改善图像的动态范围,并兼顾噪声较小的应用。The image processing device and method proposed in the present disclosure can improve the dynamic range of the image and take into account applications with less noise.
本公开提出一种图像处理装置,包括一采样单元、一放大器、一模拟数字转换器以及一白平衡单元。采样单元对一像素采样得到一像素电压。放大器依据一模拟增益放大像素电压。模拟数字转换器转换放大后的像素电压为一数字像素数据,数字像素数据包括对应到不同颜色的多个第一子像素数据。白平衡单元依据模拟增益与对应至不同子像素的多个白平衡增益,分别对此些第一子像素数据进行白平衡补偿得到多个第二子像素数据。The disclosure proposes an image processing device, including a sampling unit, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a white balance unit. The sampling unit samples a pixel to obtain a pixel voltage. The amplifier amplifies the pixel voltage according to an analog gain. The analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified pixel voltage into digital pixel data, and the digital pixel data includes a plurality of first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colors. The white balance unit respectively performs white balance compensation on the first sub-pixel data according to the analog gain and a plurality of white balance gains corresponding to different sub-pixels to obtain a plurality of second sub-pixel data.
此外,白平衡单元于产生这些第二子像素数据的过程中,可以先依据这些第一子像素数据与这些白平衡增益,以产生多个第三子像素数据,继而依据模拟增益与像素的一最大阱容(fullwelllevel),判断是否箝位(clamp,又称之为“夹止”)此些第三子像素数据,以产生第二子像素数据。In addition, in the process of generating the second sub-pixel data, the white balance unit can generate a plurality of third sub-pixel data according to the first sub-pixel data and the white balance gains, and then according to the analog gain and a pixel The maximum well capacity (fullwell level) determines whether to clamp (clamp, also referred to as “clamping”) the third sub-pixel data to generate the second sub-pixel data.
请参照图1,其绘示依照一实施范例的图像处理装置的方块图。图像处理装置100包括一自动曝光(autoexposure,AE)单元105、一采样单元110、一放大器120、一模拟数字转换器130、一黑色校准(DigitalBlackLevelCalibration,DBLC)单元140、一自动白平衡(autowhitebalance,AWB)单元150、一白平衡单元160以及一色彩内插(CFAinterpolation)单元170。其中,采样单元110、放大器120以及模拟数字转换器130例如被整合于一图像传感器(imagesensor)中,而此图像传感器可还包括或对外耦接至一感光元件,譬如是电荷耦合元件(CCD,Charge-coupledDevice)或互补式金属氧化物半导体(complementarymetaloxidesemiconductor,CMOS),以提供采样单元110所需的图像输入信号。另外,黑色校准单元140、白平衡单元160以及色彩内插单元170例如被整合于一图像处理器中,但并不限制。另外,此图像处理器可还包括色彩校正单元、伽玛校正(GammaCorrection)单元以及图像增强(ImageEnhancement,又称之为“增显”)单元。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which shows a block diagram of an image processing device according to an embodiment. The image processing device 100 includes an automatic exposure (autoexposure, AE) unit 105, a sampling unit 110, an amplifier 120, an analog-to-digital converter 130, a black calibration (DigitalBlackLevelCalibration, DBLC) unit 140, an automatic white balance (autowhitebalance, AWB) unit 150 , a white balance unit 160 and a color interpolation (CFA interpolation) unit 170 . Wherein, the sampling unit 110, the amplifier 120 and the analog-to-digital converter 130 are, for example, integrated in an image sensor (image sensor), and the image sensor may also include or be externally coupled to a photosensitive element, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD, Charge-coupled Device) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (complementary metal oxide semiconductor, CMOS) to provide the image input signal required by the sampling unit 110 . In addition, the black calibration unit 140 , the white balance unit 160 and the color interpolation unit 170 are, for example, integrated in an image processor, but not limited thereto. In addition, the image processor may further include a color correction unit, a gamma correction (GammaCorrection) unit, and an image enhancement (Image Enhancement, also referred to as “enhancement”) unit.
自动曝光单元105控制采样单元110以对一像素采样得到一像素电压。自动曝光单元105并提供一模拟增益Analog_Gain至放大器120,使得放大器120依据模拟增益Analog_Gain放大像素电压。模拟数字转换器130转换放大后的像素电压为一数字像素数据,此数字像素数据包括对应到不同颜色的多个第一子像素数据,例如红色子像素数据R、绿色子像素数据Gr/Gb及蓝色子像素数据B等。The automatic exposure unit 105 controls the sampling unit 110 to sample a pixel to obtain a pixel voltage. The automatic exposure unit 105 also provides an analog gain Analog_Gain to the amplifier 120 so that the amplifier 120 amplifies the pixel voltage according to the analog gain Analog_Gain. The analog-to-digital converter 130 converts the amplified pixel voltage into digital pixel data, which includes a plurality of first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colors, such as red sub-pixel data R, green sub-pixel data Gr/Gb and Blue sub-pixel data B, etc.
黑色校准单元140耦接于数字模拟转换器130与白平衡单元160之间,其对数字像素数据进行黑色校准。The black calibration unit 140 is coupled between the digital-to-analog converter 130 and the white balance unit 160 , and performs black calibration on the digital pixel data.
自动曝光单元105提供模拟增益Analog_Gain至白平衡单元160;同时,自动白平衡单元150亦提供对应至不同子像素的多个白平衡增益WB_Gains至白平衡单元160,此多个白平衡增益WB_Gains例如包括对应红色子像素数据R的白平衡增益WB_R_Gain、对应绿色子像素数据Gr/Gb的白平衡增益WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain及对应蓝色子像素数据B的白平衡增益WB_B_Gain等。白平衡单元160依据自动曝光单元105所提供的模拟增益Analog_Gain与自动白平衡单元150所提供的多个白平衡增益WB_Gains,分别对此些第一子像素数据进行白平衡补偿得到多个第二子像素数据,并提供给白平衡单元160包括这些第二子像素数据的一原始图像(RAWimage)数据。色彩内插单元170对白平衡单元160所输出的原始图像数据进行内插以得到一三原色图像(RGBimage)数据。The automatic exposure unit 105 provides the analog gain Analog_Gain to the white balance unit 160; meanwhile, the automatic white balance unit 150 also provides multiple white balance gains WB_Gains corresponding to different sub-pixels to the white balance unit 160. The multiple white balance gains WB_Gains include, for example The white balance gain WB_R_Gain corresponding to the red sub-pixel data R, the white balance gain WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain corresponding to the green sub-pixel data Gr/Gb, the white balance gain WB_B_Gain corresponding to the blue sub-pixel data B, and the like. According to the analog gain Analog_Gain provided by the automatic exposure unit 105 and the multiple white balance gains WB_Gains provided by the automatic white balance unit 150, the white balance unit 160 respectively performs white balance compensation on the first sub-pixel data to obtain a plurality of second sub-pixel data. pixel data, and provide a raw image (RAWimage) data including the second sub-pixel data to the white balance unit 160 . The color interpolation unit 170 interpolates the original image data output by the white balance unit 160 to obtain a three primary color image (RGB image) data.
请参照图2,其绘示依照一实施范例的白平衡单元的曝光扩展的流程图,其可应用于图1所示的白平衡单元160所进行的白平衡补偿操作中。在步骤S200中,白平衡单元160依据此些第一子像素数据与对应的此些白平衡增益WB_Gains得到多个第三子像素数据。较佳地,白平衡单元160分别计算此白平衡增益WB_Gains与此些第一子像素数据的乘积以作为此些第三子像素数据。例如,红色子像素数据R与白平衡增益WB_R_Gain的乘积为第三子像素数据R’、绿色子像素数据Gr/Gb与白平衡增益WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain的乘积为第三子像素数据Gr’/Gb’、及蓝色子像素数据B与白平衡增益WB_B_Gain的乘积为第三子像素数据B’。Please refer to FIG. 2 , which shows a flow chart of the exposure expansion of the white balance unit according to an embodiment, which can be applied to the white balance compensation operation performed by the white balance unit 160 shown in FIG. 1 . In step S200 , the white balance unit 160 obtains a plurality of third sub-pixel data according to the first sub-pixel data and the corresponding white balance gains WB_Gains. Preferably, the white balance unit 160 respectively calculates the product of the white balance gain WB_Gains and the first sub-pixel data as the third sub-pixel data. For example, the product of the red sub-pixel data R and the white balance gain WB_R_Gain is the third sub-pixel data R', the product of the green sub-pixel data Gr/Gb and the white balance gain WB_Gr_Gain/WB_Gb_Gain is the third sub-pixel data Gr'/Gb' , and the product of the blue sub-pixel data B and the white balance gain WB_B_Gain is the third sub-pixel data B′.
在步骤S210中,白平衡单元160判断此像素的一最大阱容(fullwelllevel)是否在模拟增益Analog_Gain对应的一范围内,此范围由模拟增益Analog_Gain与模拟数字转换器130的位数定义而得,例如此范围为模拟增益Analog_Gain为1倍时的数字像素数据与n位的模拟数字转换器130可转换的最大数字像素数据2n之间的范围。当最大阱容不在范围内,流程结束。换句话说,白平衡单元160不箝位此些第三子像素数据,并输出此些第三子像素数据作为此些第二子像素数据。In step S210, the white balance unit 160 determines whether a maximum well level of the pixel is within a range corresponding to the analog gain Analog_Gain, and the range is defined by the analog gain Analog_Gain and the number of bits of the analog-to-digital converter 130, For example, this range is the range between the digital pixel data when the analog gain Analog_Gain is 1 and the maximum digital pixel data 2n that can be converted by the n-bit ADC 130 . When the maximum well capacity is not within the range, the process ends. In other words, the white balance unit 160 does not clamp the third sub-pixel data, and outputs the third sub-pixel data as the second sub-pixel data.
然而,当最大阱容在范围内,则循序进行步骤S220与S230。在步骤220中,白平衡单元160可依据最大阱容与模拟增益Analog_Gain计算一当前最大阱容。较佳地,白平衡单元160可计算模拟增益Analog_Gain与最大阱容的乘积作为当前最大阱容。更进一步地,白平衡单元160会限制当前最大阱容不大于2n-1,n为像素的位数。换句话说,如果模拟增益Analog_Gain与最大阱容的乘积大于2n-1时,可设定当前最大阱容实质上等于2n-1。However, when the maximum well capacity is within the range, steps S220 and S230 are performed sequentially. In step 220 , the white balance unit 160 can calculate a current maximum well capacity according to the maximum well capacity and the analog gain Analog_Gain. Preferably, the white balance unit 160 can calculate the product of the analog gain Analog_Gain and the maximum well capacity as the current maximum well capacity. Furthermore, the white balance unit 160 will limit the current maximum well capacity to no more than 2 n-1 , where n is the number of bits of a pixel. In other words, if the product of the analog gain Analog_Gain and the maximum well capacity is greater than 2 n-1 , the current maximum well capacity can be set to be substantially equal to 2 n-1 .
接下来,在步骤S230中,白平衡单元160将此些第三子像素数据与当前最大阱容进行比较,以分别判断此些第三子像素数据是否大于当前最大阱容。当判断结果为否时,流程结束,亦即白平衡单元160不箝位未大于当前最大阱容的第三子像素数据,并输出第三子像素数据作为对应的第二子像素数据。反之,当判断结果为是时,在步骤S240中,白平衡单元160箝位大于当前最大阱容的第三子像素数据,譬如可以输出当前最大阱容作为对应的第二子像素数据。Next, in step S230 , the white balance unit 160 compares the third sub-pixel data with the current maximum well capacity to determine whether the third sub-pixel data are greater than the current maximum well capacity. When the judgment result is no, the process ends, that is, the white balance unit 160 does not clamp the third sub-pixel data not larger than the current maximum well capacity, and outputs the third sub-pixel data as the corresponding second sub-pixel data. On the contrary, when the judgment result is yes, in step S240 , the white balance unit 160 clamps the third sub-pixel data larger than the current maximum well capacity, for example, may output the current maximum well capacity as the corresponding second sub-pixel data.
更具体而言,当第三子像素数据R’大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于当前最大阱容;反之,当第三子像素数据R’未大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于第三子像素数据R’。类似地,当三子像素数据Gr’/Gb’大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于当前最大阱容;反之,当第三子像素数据Gr’/Gb’未大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于第三子像素数据Gr’/Gb’。类似地,当第三子像素数据B’大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于当前最大阱容;反之,当第三子像素数据B’未大于当前最大阱容,则可设定对应的第二子像素数据等于第三子像素数据B’。More specifically, when the third sub-pixel data R' is greater than the current maximum well capacity, the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set equal to the current maximum well capacity; otherwise, when the third sub-pixel data R' is not greater than the current maximum well capacity Well capacity, the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set equal to the third sub-pixel data R′. Similarly, when the three sub-pixel data Gr'/Gb' is greater than the current maximum well capacity, the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set equal to the current maximum well capacity; otherwise, when the third sub-pixel data Gr'/Gb' is not If it is larger than the current maximum well capacity, the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set to be equal to the third sub-pixel data Gr'/Gb'. Similarly, when the third sub-pixel data B' is greater than the current maximum well capacity, the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set equal to the current maximum well capacity; otherwise, when the third sub-pixel data B' is not greater than the current maximum well capacity , then the corresponding second sub-pixel data can be set equal to the third sub-pixel data B′.
综上所述,在本实施例中第二子像素数据会箝位于当前最大阱容。请参照图3,其绘示依照一实施范例的第二子像素数据对曝光时间/感光度的示意图。由图3中可以得知,在图像处理装置提高感光度(亦即增加模拟增益Analog_Gain)的情况下,第二子像素数据会箝位于当前最大阱容,所以不会因为较大的模拟增益Analog_Gain而产生高亮度色偏或是高亮度噪声。To sum up, in this embodiment, the second sub-pixel data will be clamped at the current maximum well capacity. Please refer to FIG. 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of second sub-pixel data versus exposure time/sensitivity according to an embodiment. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that when the image processing device increases the sensitivity (that is, increases the analog gain Analog_Gain), the second sub-pixel data will be clamped at the current maximum well capacity, so it will not be affected by the larger analog gain Analog_Gain. Therefore, high-brightness color shift or high-brightness noise is generated.
本公开还提出一种图像处理方法,包括下列步骤。对一像素采样得到一像素电压。依据一模拟增益放大像素电压。转换放大后的像素电压为一数字像素数据,数字像素数据包括对应到不同颜色的多个第一子像素数据。依据模拟增益与对应至不同子像素的多个白平衡增益,分别对此些第一子像素数据进行白平衡补偿得到多个第二子像素数据。此图像处理方法的运作原理已详述图像处理装置100及其相关操作的内容中,故在此不再重述。The present disclosure also proposes an image processing method, including the following steps. A pixel voltage is obtained by sampling a pixel. The pixel voltage is amplified according to an analog gain. The amplified pixel voltage is converted into digital pixel data, and the digital pixel data includes a plurality of first sub-pixel data corresponding to different colors. According to the analog gain and a plurality of white balance gains corresponding to different sub-pixels, white balance compensation is performed on the first sub-pixel data respectively to obtain a plurality of second sub-pixel data. The operating principle of the image processing method has been described in detail in the content of the image processing device 100 and its related operations, so it will not be repeated here.
本公开上述实施例所公开的图像处理装置及方法,依据模拟增益与白平衡增益以对像素数据进行白平衡补偿,其中还可利用对于当前最大阱容与像素数据的比较以有效箝位像素数据。因此,上述实施例可改善亮度色偏及高亮度噪声的现象,故可以增加图像的动态范围,并兼顾噪声较小的应用,提升整体图像质量。The image processing device and method disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure perform white balance compensation on the pixel data according to the analog gain and the white balance gain, and the comparison between the current maximum well capacity and the pixel data can also be used to effectively clamp the pixel data . Therefore, the above-mentioned embodiments can improve the phenomenon of luminance color shift and high luminance noise, so the dynamic range of the image can be increased, and the application with less noise can be considered to improve the overall image quality.
综上所述,虽然本发明已以多个实施例公开如上,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此,本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求书所界定者为准。In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed as above with a number of embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
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