CN103220216A - Wireless body area network routing method based on region division - Google Patents
Wireless body area network routing method based on region division Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless body area network routing method based on region division. The method is suitable for different wireless body network application scenes. The method includes the steps of utilizing the characteristic that the energy of a wireless body network sink node is abundant to divide a network monitoring area into a plurality of sub-areas to form clusters, selecting an appropriate node in each cluster as a cluster head of a current round and selecting an appropriate node in each cluster as a cluster head of a next round according to location information and energy information of each node in a human body, meanwhile, selecting appropriate nodes as next hop nodes of the cluster heads through overall consideration of an energy factor, a communication cost factor and the like, and sending data to the sink node in a multi-hop mode between cluster heads. The wireless body area network routing method based on the region division can effectively improve information transmission efficiency of the wireless body area network node and the network life cycle of the wireless body area network node.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless body area network cluster routing method, mainly utilize the method for area dividing to improve wireless body area network nodal information efficiency of transmission, belong to the interleaving techniques field of computer network, wireless body area network and embedded system based on area dividing.
Background technology
The progress of microelectronics, computer and wireless communication technology, promoted the fast development of low-power consumption Multifunction Sensor, make it can the integrated information collection in small volume, data processing, with multiple functions such as radio communications, wireless sensor network is the ad hoc network system of a multi-hop being formed by communication by the sensor node that is deployed in the monitored area, its objective is the information of perceptive object in cooperation perception, collection and the processing network's coverage area, and sends to the observer.Wireless sensor network will be in logic information world merge with objectively physical world, change human and natural interactive mode, be listed in 21 century and change one of the ten big technology in the world.Wireless sensor network is the comprehensive scientific research field of a multidisciplinary intersection, can can monitor in real time the information of various environment in its distributed areas and detected object, perception and collection, these information can also be handled, send by aggregation node by wireless mode, the user who is transferred to monitoring host computer or these information of needs use.
The wireless sensor network development can be widely used in public safety, ecological, environmental protective, environment measuring, emergency command and biomedical sector rapidly.Sensor technology early has application at biomedical sector, but does not bring great convenience to people.Traditional medical monitoring uses wired transducer, and these transducers are delivered to medical centre to physiological data and other information, reach the effect of monitoring.But this medical monitoring system constraint the mobility of monitored object, for those objects that need carry out medical monitoring and health care for a long time, also influenced people's normal life.The introducing of wireless technology makes the modern medical service healthcare field that fast development arranged.Medical sensor is worn on the human body or is implanted in the human body, monitoring obtains patient's medical data, radio-frequency technique by low-power consumption is sent to the convergence center to these medical datas, carry out the processing of data or be sent to the medical monitoring center by aggregation node, such sensor network is exactly a wireless body area network.Compare with common sensor network, because the introducing of people's body medium and the particularity of medical application, this network has specific requirement at aspects such as scale, reliability, continuation, and power saving also is the problem of wireless body area network overriding concern certainly.
In adopting cluster structured wireless body area network, bunch head to bear data collection, aggregation processing and bunch between the forwarding task, it consumes energy much larger than a bunch member node.Energy consumption for node in the equalizing network, the cluster wireless body area network is generally by the wheel operation, whenever, take turns beginning and the time carry out a bunch great wheel and change, node is evenly distributed to each node in the mode of serving as bunch head in turn with energy expense, in carrying out afterwards repeatedly bunch communication and bunch between route; Communication generally connects people's scheduling based on time division multiple access in bunch, and bunch head distributes different communication time slots for each member node.Communication Jamming between the adjacent cluster is generally avoided by two-layer TDMA scheduling or multichannel; Data forwarding general using carrier sense multiple access between bunch head meets the people and avoids channel contention.In most of cluster wireless body area network, bunch member communicates by letter with a bunch head in the single-hop mode, therefore bunch in communication generally do not have routing issue, then mostly adopt the multi-hop mode to carry out transfer of data between bunch head, therefore bunch parting is indispensable by agreement.And, under the two-layer data collection pattern of cluster wireless body area network, the primary cluster parting by failure will cause the sensing data of a bunch of a period of time all to be lost, therefore bunch parting is by most important in clustering wireless sensor network.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the characteristic of cluster wireless body area network makes its bunch parting face a lot of problems by design, current a lot of bunches selection modes can cause following result: the distribution bunch in network that is generated is even inadequately, increase the network overall power consumption, reduced the life span of network.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wireless body area network cluster routing method based on area dividing, select at bunch head, bunch between aspect such as data transfer mode made improvement, address the above problem.
Technical scheme:In the cluster routing method based on area dividing of the present invention, the cluster wireless body area network is by being worn on the human body or being implanted in the human body, having a distributed network that the self-organizing of uniquely identified sensor node constitutes, be divided on the whole cellular logic bunch, each bunch comprises leader cluster node, non-leader cluster node, and aggregation node can carry out radio communication, transmitting-receiving human body information with all the sensors node.
Wireless body area network method for routing based on area dividing comprises following steps:
1) after all nodes of wireless body area network started, each sensor node all was changed to 0 with the elected marking variable of predefined bunch of head, the elected marking variable of next round bunch head, transmits sign, current energy and the location coordinate information of oneself to aggregation node;
2) aggregation node is received behind the nodal information these information storage according to a predefined optimum bunch number, is divided into the n sub regions equably with whole network area, provides each subregion and distributes a sign.
3) after finishing the subregion division, aggregation node is divided in each node in its pairing subregion according to its position at human body, forms corresponding sub-clustering, and sends the subregion sign to node.
4) aggregation node calculates each regional center-of-mass coordinate, each regional node and the distance between the barycenter respectively in each zone.
5) aggregation node its barycenter of chosen distance in each zone node nearest, that sign is minimum is changed to 1 as bunch head of the first run with the elected marking variable of this node cluster head; Time near node of chosen distance barycenter all is changed to 1 as bunch head of next round with the elected marking variable of this node next round bunch head.
6) aggregation node all node broadcasts information in network, this packets of information contain each node in the home cluster of the first run, whether be leader cluster node information, whether be next round leader cluster node information.
7) all nodes after receiving the information that comes from aggregation node store it, whether be set to the first run bunch head according to this information check oneself, if bunch head, just for oneself bunch in the member distribute time slot, generate the time slot allocation table, member node in then time slot allocation table information being sent to bunch then enters step 9).
8) network is received the next round bunch head selection message of aggregation node broadcast transmission, and when the time limit in next round cycle arrived, network begins next round bunch head to be selected, and concrete operations are as follows:
81) each node is at first checked the state of oneself, if node is a bunch head at the epicycle task role, just broadcasting oneself becomes the message of bunch head in wireless body area network, the adding of member node in the wait bunch; If node is non-leader cluster node, just wait for that each bunch hair send broadcast message, after having received a bunch broadcast message, nearest, the minimum bunch head of node identification of chosen distance oneself adds corresponding sub-clustering in all bunches head set, to the solicited message that this bunch hair send adding to comprise node current remaining, node identification, wait for that a bunch hair send time slot allocation table information.
82) after each leader cluster node is received the request adding information of node transmission, write down the information of each node.Then according to the node received in the human body position and the average energy value of this bunch of dump energy information calculations member node, the node that dump energy is greater than or equal to the average energy value is formed candidate's leader cluster node set, from this candidate's leader cluster node concentrate select the current leader cluster node of distance recently, the minimum node of sign is as formal bunch of head of next round, and member node in time slot allocation information, the elected information of next round bunch head sent to bunch.
83) after each non-leader cluster node is received the time slot allocation information and the elected information of next round bunch head that bunch hair comes, the elected marking variable of the next round bunch head of oneself is made as 1 or 0, enters step 9).
9) each non-leader cluster node continues to collect the information of being monitored and send the data that perceive to bunch hair as required, closed communication module in the time of not in the time slot of oneself in the time slot of oneself according to the time slot allocation table.
10) each leader cluster node is collected the data of all bunches interior nodes, and these data are carried out data fusion, also receives other leader cluster node in addition and transmits the data of coming;
11) each leader cluster node will bunch in data after merging or other bunches head transmit the data of coming and send to aggregation node, the operation that its adopts is as follows:
111) information such as the sign of broadcasting oneself, current energy consumption, a bunch identity receive and write down the corresponding informance that the adjacent cluster head node sends.
112) in the neighbours' leader cluster node set of oneself, select other each leader cluster node one by one, and calculate through the communication cost of this leader cluster node to aggregation node transmission data.
113) in the node of communication cost communication cost when directly transferring data to aggregation node, select the minimum leader cluster node of energy value maximum, sign as via node, with this node of this data forwarding; If do not have qualified leader cluster node, then directly transfer data to aggregation node as via node.
114), adopt the data mode of multi-hop to send data to aggregation node by in other leader cluster nodes, selecting via node.
115) sending data next time, communication interaction obtains the energy of current via node, if find that this node energy is lower and can not bear the forwarding task, then forwards step 113 to).
12) network one cycle of taking turns does not finish, and enters step 9); Network one cycle of taking turns finishes, enters step 13).
13) aggregation node determines whether to carry out next round bunch head selection according to the task performance, if task has been finished or the node energy loss causes network normally not move, then radio network end of run information is selected message otherwise broadcast next round bunch head, enters step 8).
Beneficial effect:The method for routing based on area dividing that the present invention proposes is applicable to wireless body area network, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the inventive method makes full use of the unrestricted characteristics of aggregation node energy, before first run choosing bunch, the network monitor area dividing is become a plurality of bunches of class zones, select bunch head of appropriate nodes as next round according to node in human body position information and energy information in each bunch then, node average energy efficient is obviously improved.
(2) take all factors into consideration energy and bunch between factor such as route cost select the next-hop node of appropriate nodes as bunch head, the mode with multi-hop between bunch head transmits data to aggregation node, network life cycle is obviously improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a cluster wireless body area network network structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the wireless body area network method for routing schematic flow sheet based on area dividing.
Embodiment
One. architecture
In concrete enforcement, all nodes in the wireless body area network of the present invention are randomly dispersed in the tetragonality zone, and as shown in Figure 1, and this network meets the following conditions:
(1) all nodes are distributed in the wireless body area network according to human body requirements, and all are actionless.
(2) each node in the network is all known the position coordinates of oneself, and can know own current energy.
(3) node of all except aggregation node is the homogeneity isomorphism, and primary power equates, except that the energy of aggregation node be unrestricted, other all node energies are limited.
(4) power of node is enough big, can directly communicate with other node in the network.
(5) node can according to received signal intensity calculate and sending node between distance.
(6) node power is controlled, can be according to adjusting transmitting power recently with the distance of receiving node.
(7) the monitoring peripheral region that continues of node, and in own time transmission image data to affiliated bunch of head.
(8) data that collect of the very near node of mutual distance have data dependence, so the data of adjacent node have very big redundancy, redundant data is useless for the observer.
Two. method flow
Provide the concrete more detailed description of implementing of the present invention below:
1. bunch head is selected
Step 1: the node of each in the wireless body area network on health transmits the information of oneself to aggregation node i, and this packets of information contains the sign of node, the energy of node and the position coordinates of node.
Step 2: aggregation node i receives behind the nodal information that with these information storage, according to an optimum bunch number of pre-selected, the operation area partitioning algorithm is divided n subdomain with whole wireless body area network zone according to each node in the human body position then.
Step 3: after finishing area dividing, aggregation node i is divided in each node in its The corresponding area according to its position at human body, and puts on area identification.
Step 4: aggregation node i calculates each regional center-of-mass coordinate respectively in each zone, calculate each regional node (j, k, l then respectively ...) and barycenter between distance.
Step 5: the nearest node of aggregation node i its barycenter of chosen distance in each human region is as bunch head of the first run, and time near node of chosen distance barycenter is as bunch head of next round simultaneously.
Step 6: aggregation node i all node broadcasts information in wireless body area network, this packets of information contain each node at the home cluster of the first run, the state of node (member node or leader cluster node) with become the node identification of next round bunch head.
Step 7: node j after receiving the information that comes from aggregation node stores it, whether be set to the first run bunch head according to this information check oneself, if bunch head, just for oneself bunch in the member distribute time slot, generate the time slot allocation table, member node in then the time slot allocation table being sent to bunch.
Step 8: leader cluster node CH broadcasts the information of oneself in network, sets up routing table according to the adjacent cluster head node CH1 information of receiving, then enters the stable data transmit stage.
Next round bunch head is selected
Step 1: after each node is received the broadcast message in the next round bunch head selection time limit that aggregation node sends, when the time limit in next round cycle arrives, they at first check the state of oneself, if node a is a bunch head at the epicycle task role, just broadcasting oneself becomes the message of bunch head in wireless body area network, the adding of member node in waiting for bunch.
Step 2: if node b is non-leader cluster node, just wait for that each bunch hair send broadcast message, received a bunch broadcast message, just the nearest bunch head conduct of chosen distance oneself is wanted bunch head that adds to send the information of joining request to this bunch hair then in all bunches head set.This information comprises current dump energy of node and sign, waits for that then a bunch hair send time slot allocation information.
Step 3: after a bunch a receives the request adding information of node transmission, write down the information of each node.Then according to the node received in the human body position and the average energy value of this bunch of dump energy information calculations member node, the node that dump energy is greater than or equal to the average energy value is formed candidate's leader cluster node set.Concentrate from this candidate's leader cluster node and to select the nearest node of the current leader cluster node of distance as formal bunch of head of next round.Member node in when the sending time slots allocation table, this information being sent to bunch along band.
After step 4: member node j receives the time slot allocation table and next polling bunch information that bunch hair comes, oneself next round bunch leader will is made as 1 or 0, in the time slot of oneself, send the data of perception then according to the time slot allocation table as required to bunch hair.
Route is set up
Step 1: each leader cluster node CH (1,2,3..) when aggregation node carries out the data transmission, adopt the data mode of multi-hop to send data to aggregation node by selecting via node.
Step 2: in concrete enforcement, when choosing via node,, just no longer serve as via node, by selecting next via node by turns if the energy of node is lower.
Step 3: in concrete enforcement, suppose that described node communication uses the free space model, distance between the node between communication cost and the node square proportional, node b wants to aggregation node i transmission data, it at first selects each leader cluster node one by one in the neighbours' leader cluster node set of oneself, and calculates through the communication cost of this node to aggregation node transmission data.To form the both candidate nodes collection less than the node of direct transmission cost through the transmission path cost of via node.The size that compares energy value and this node energy value of each node then in the both candidate nodes set successively will be more than or equal to the formal relaying bunch head of node conduct of this node energy value.If there is the big bunch head of a plurality of energy all to satisfy condition, then select the energy value maximum as relaying bunch head.If candidate's bunch head set then directly transfers data to aggregation node for not having qualified bunch of head in sky or the set of candidate leader cluster node.
Transfer of data
In concrete enforcement, each take turns bunch head determine good after, bunch head according to bunch in member's number distribute time slot for member in each bunch.Then, member in bunch head sends to the time slot table of distributing bunch, routed path between the own information foundation of bunch head broadcasting bunch.After a bunch establishment stage is finished, path between bunch head and bunch head has just been set up, member node continue to be collected ambient condition information in bunch, the data of gathering is sent to bunch head at this member node place bunch then in distributing to oneself time slot in the mode of a jumping.Node not in the transmission time of oneself with regard to the closed communication module to reduce energy consumption.Bunch head carries out data fusion with the data of collecting after the data of receiving all bunches interior nodes, the transfer of data after will merging is then given aggregation node.In the time period that one takes turns, the stable data transmit stage will be longer than a bunch establishment stage.Collecting data each time bunch is a frame, and every transmit stage of taking turns is carried out the multiframe data collection, will reduce the number of times of bunch foundation like this, and more multipotency is used for above the transfer of data, improves capacity usage ratio.
In concrete enforcement, transfer of data is after operation a period of time, aggregation node determines whether to carry out next round bunch head according to the task performance to be selected, if task has been finished or the node energy loss causes network normally not move, then the radio network ending message carries out the time limit that next round bunch head is selected otherwise broadcast.
Claims (2)
1. wireless body area network method for routing based on area dividing is characterized in that the step that this method comprises is:
1) after all nodes of wireless body area network started, each sensor node all was changed to 0 with the elected marking variable of predefined bunch of head, the elected marking variable of next round bunch head, transmits sign, current energy and the location coordinate information of oneself to aggregation node;
2) aggregation node is received behind the nodal information these information storage according to a predefined optimum bunch number, is divided into the n sub regions equably with whole network area, provides each subregion and distributes a sign;
3) after finishing the subregion division, aggregation node is divided in each node in its pairing subregion according to its position at human body, forms corresponding sub-clustering, and sends the subregion sign to node;
4) aggregation node calculates each regional center-of-mass coordinate, each regional node and the distance between the barycenter respectively in each zone;
5) aggregation node its barycenter of chosen distance in each zone node nearest, that sign is minimum is changed to 1 as bunch head of the first run with the elected marking variable of this node cluster head; Time near node of chosen distance barycenter all is changed to 1 as bunch head of next round with the elected marking variable of this node next round bunch head;
6) aggregation node all node broadcasts information in network, this packets of information contain each node in the home cluster of the first run, whether be leader cluster node information, whether be next round leader cluster node information;
7) all nodes after receiving the information that comes from aggregation node store it, whether be set to the first run bunch head according to this information check oneself, if bunch head, just for oneself bunch in the member distribute time slot, generate the time slot allocation table, member node in then time slot allocation table information being sent to bunch then enters step 9);
8) network is received the next round bunch head selection message of aggregation node broadcast transmission, and when the time limit in next round cycle arrived, network begins next round bunch head to be selected, and enters step 9);
9) each non-leader cluster node continues to collect the information of being monitored and send the data that perceive to bunch hair as required, closed communication module in the time of not in the time slot of oneself in the time slot of oneself according to the time slot allocation table;
10) each leader cluster node is collected the data of all bunches interior nodes, and these data are carried out data fusion, also receives other leader cluster node in addition and transmits the data of coming;
11) each leader cluster node will bunch in data after merging or other bunches head transmit the data of coming and send to aggregation node, the operation that its adopts is as follows:
111) information such as the sign of broadcasting oneself, current energy consumption, a bunch identity receive and write down the corresponding informance that the adjacent cluster head node sends;
112) in the neighbours' leader cluster node set of oneself, select other each leader cluster node one by one, and calculate through the communication cost of this leader cluster node to aggregation node transmission data;
113) in the node of communication cost communication cost when directly transferring data to aggregation node, select the minimum leader cluster node of energy value maximum, sign as via node, with this node of this data forwarding; If do not have qualified leader cluster node, then directly transfer data to aggregation node as via node;
114), adopt the data mode of multi-hop to send data to aggregation node by in other leader cluster nodes, selecting via node;
115) sending data next time, communication interaction obtains the energy of current via node, if find that this node energy is lower and can not bear the forwarding task, then forwards step 113 to);
12) network one cycle of taking turns does not finish, and enters step 9); Network one cycle of taking turns finishes, enters step 13);
13) aggregation node determines whether to carry out next round bunch head selection according to the task performance, if task has been finished or the node energy loss causes network normally not move, then radio network end of run information is selected message otherwise broadcast next round bunch head, enters step 8).
2. a kind of wireless body area network method for routing based on area dividing according to claim 1 is characterized in that the concrete operations of step 8) are as follows:
81) each node is at first checked the state of oneself, if node is a bunch head at the epicycle task role, just broadcasting oneself becomes the message of bunch head in wireless body area network, the adding of member node in the wait bunch; If node is non-leader cluster node, just wait for that each bunch hair send broadcast message, after having received a bunch broadcast message, nearest, the minimum bunch head of node identification of chosen distance oneself adds corresponding sub-clustering in all bunches head set, to the solicited message that this bunch hair send adding to comprise node current remaining, node identification, wait for that a bunch hair send time slot allocation table information;
82) after each leader cluster node is received the request adding information of node transmission, write down the information of each node;
Then according to the node received in the human body position and the average energy value of this bunch of dump energy information calculations member node, the node that dump energy is greater than or equal to the average energy value is formed candidate's leader cluster node set, from this candidate's leader cluster node concentrate select the current leader cluster node of distance recently, the minimum node of sign is as formal bunch of head of next round, and member node in time slot allocation information, the elected information of next round bunch head sent to bunch;
83) after each non-leader cluster node is received the time slot allocation information and the elected information of next round bunch head that bunch hair comes, the elected marking variable of the next round bunch head of oneself is made as 1 or 0, enters step 9).
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