CN103217612A - Fault on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement method for armored power cable - Google Patents

Fault on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement method for armored power cable Download PDF

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CN103217612A
CN103217612A CN2013100934149A CN201310093414A CN103217612A CN 103217612 A CN103217612 A CN 103217612A CN 2013100934149 A CN2013100934149 A CN 2013100934149A CN 201310093414 A CN201310093414 A CN 201310093414A CN 103217612 A CN103217612 A CN 103217612A
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traveling wave
fault
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谭云华
闫淑辉
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Peking University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fault on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement method for an armored power cable. Cable fault distance measurement is carried out through a return circuit formed by a cable armored layer and the ground. Due to the fact that no direct electric connection exits between a distance measurement system and a core wire of the high-voltage cable, safety and reliability are achieved, and the normal power transmission task of the cable is not affected in the working process. According to the fault on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement method for the armored power cable, through the return circuit formed by the cable armored layer and the ground, distance measurement of a cable fault point is carried out through the wavelet analysis technology, two functions of on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement of the cable fault are achieved, the complexity of equipment and the complexity of the operation are simplified, the fault detection efficiency and distance measurement efficiency are improved, the technical problem that the power cable fault is generally short of an effective on-line monitoring and real-time distance measurement method is resolved, the two functions of fault detection and fault distance measurement are combined, the complexity and cost of the equipment are lowered, the complexity of the operation is reduced, and the fault detection efficiency and distance measurement efficiency are improved.

Description

The method of a kind of armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring and real time distance
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection method of power cable fault, be specifically related to the method for a kind of armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring and real time distance.
Background technology
Along with the development of urban construction, the system of laying of distribution line progressively carries out the transition to the underground concealed wiring of cable by the bare wire overhead type.Compare overhead transmission line and underground cable line, the part though the two communicates aspect fault localization also exists significantly different.Especially underground cable is used for the mesolow transmission of electricity more, and length is shorter relatively, and its fault is unobservable, if the fault localization result differs hundreds of rice, has so just lost the value of range finding; And underground cable trouble hunting difficulty if fault localization is inaccurate, will cause the waste of great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources.Therefore, the underground cable line range finding needs more accurate distance-finding method.
From technical standpoint, the cable fault localization method of people's employing at present and research mainly is the off-line range finding, promptly after cable fault takes place, takes the method for range finding again of cutting off the power supply earlier.So just require electricity usage department must have the real-time monitoring of power cable fault simultaneously and the two cover autonomous systems of afterwards finding range, increased fault localization cost and complexity to a certain extent.In addition, on the principle method of fault localization, generally adopt the cable core loop at present, i.e. various circuit loops that constitute by cable core, the circuit loop that constitutes between circuit loop that constitutes as heart yearn and screen layer and heart yearn etc., then by different distance-finding methods, such as bridge method or traveling wave method etc., with identification and measurement cable fault.Because cable core is mainly undertaken the high voltage power transmission task, its transmission voltage is very difficult consistent with the desired signal voltage of fault localization, therefore utilizes the heart yearn loop to carry out difficult the transmission of electricity with heart yearn of fault localization and carries out simultaneously, can not realize online range finding.
By above analysis as can be known, because the various cable fault localizations that using at present mainly based on the cable core loop, therefore can only be taked the method for off-line range finding, can not realize online real time distance; And the off-line range finding also can bring malfunction monitoring to separate with fault localization, need build the problem of two cover autonomous systems simultaneously.Therefore, need badly in power cable fault range finding field and carry out the on-line monitoring that to finish cable fault simultaneously and the method and the technical research of real time distance.
Summary of the invention
At above problems of the prior art, the present invention passes through the relative merits of existing power cable fault distance-finding method and the further investigation of range measurement principle, the loop that forms between a kind of armor that utilizes armoured power cable and the earth has been proposed, and wavelet analysis technology carries out the new method of power cable fault on-line monitoring and real time distance, can be widely used in fields such as cable theft-prevention and line maintenance.Do not see as yet both at home and abroad at present with this inventive method and similarly study and application report, so the present invention has important theory and actual application value.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring and the method for finding range, be used to solve the problem that present power cable fault lacks the technological means of effective on-line monitoring and real time distance.
The present invention applies between the armor of cable measuring junction and the earth and launches traveling wave maser towards signal, propagate along the cable direction in the capable ripple transmission system that traveling wave maser forms between by armor and the earth towards signal, between the armor of the other end of cable and the earth, matched load is set, matched load mates with the characteristic impedance of row ripple transmission system, thereby forms the loop between armor and the earth.
A kind of armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring of the present invention and the method for finding range may further comprise the steps:
1) between the armor of the measuring junction of cable and the earth, apply and the emission traveling wave maser of launching low pressure towards signal, and record emission traveling wave maser is towards the waveform and the time of signal;
2) the reflected traveling wave signal of receiving according to the measuring junction of cable is judged to have or not cable fault, if fault is arranged then enter step 3), if do not have fault then return step 1);
3) utilize wavelet analysis technology that the reflected traveling wave signal is carried out denoising Processing and check and analysis, obtain the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction;
4) the emission traveling wave maser that obtains according to measuring junction is towards the mistiming between signal and reflected traveling wave signal, and the row velocity of wave propagation, calculates the accurate position of trouble spot.
The cable fault type that the present invention is primarily aimed at is cable open circuit and open circuit fault, and this class fault takes place in heart yearn and armor simultaneously, therefore can be by detecting the state that armor obtains whole cable.The present invention is based on the ultimate principle of traveling wave method range finding, wherein, in step 1), between the armor of the measuring junction of cable and the earth, continuously apply and launch the low-voltage line wave pulse signal, and the travelling wave signal waveform and the launch time of the emission of record measuring junction; In step 2) in, mainly whether receive according to measuring junction whether the reflected traveling wave signal determining cable fault takes place; In step 3) to there being the reflected traveling wave signal that measuring junction is received under the failure condition to utilize wavelet analysis technology to carry out signal Processing, thereby obtain the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction; In step 4), the mistiming between the travelling wave signal of elder generation's calculating measuring junction emission and the reflected traveling wave signal that receives; Multiply each other and obtain distance with the row velocity of wave propagation then, at last will this distance divided by the two accurate positions that can obtain the trouble spot.
In step 1), it is fixed that the interpulse time interval of exomonental time width and front and back is mainly come by the trouble spot distance.If unreasonable reflected impulse and the transponder pulse of causing of time parameter design overlaps, just can't distinguish, can not measure the distance of trouble spot this moment, the blind area occur; It is wideer to send pulse, and it is bigger to measure the blind area.But, design the detection difficulty problem that exomonental time parameter also need be taken into account reflected impulse.From reducing the angle of blind area, transponder pulse is narrower, and good, but pulse is narrower, the high fdrequency component that it comprised is abundanter, thereby the circuit high-frequency loss is big, and the reflected impulse amplitude is little, it is more serious to distort, and this will influence follow-up reflected signal and detect effect and fault localization precision.In order to address this problem, the present invention will launch traveling wave maser and be divided into several scopes towards the width of signal, come the strobe pulse width according to measuring distance, and measuring distance is far away, and pulse width is wideer, and measuring distance is shorter, and pulse width is narrower.
In step 2) in, when running into impedance do not match a little trouble spot (as the short circuit of cable or open circuit) time towards signal, the emission traveling wave maser of measuring junction can reflect, can receive relevant reflected traveling wave signal at measuring junction, then need write down the reflected traveling wave signal of receiving, enter step 3) at measuring junction.And when cable did not break down, so be in impedance matching state, at measuring junction can not receive relevant reflected traveling wave signal because the other end of tested cable is provided with matched load this moment.Therefore, can whether receive that the reflected traveling wave signal judges whether to occur cable fault, thereby realize the on-line monitoring of cable fault by continuous detection measuring junction.
In step 3), wavelet analysis technology is mainly used in the reflected traveling wave signal that measuring junction is received and carries out signature analysis, thereby obtains the accurate zero-time of reflected signal, to improve the fault localization precision.Its main method is: adopt the singular point in the method detection of reflected travelling wave signal of finding the solution the wavelet transformation modulus maximum, arrive the initial moment point of measuring junction as the reflected traveling wave signal.
Utilize wavelet analysis technology as follows: a) the reflected traveling wave signal to be carried out wavelet transformation, ask for the modulus maximum under each yardstick to the main process that the reflected traveling wave signal carries out signature analysis; B) under the high yardstick of low frequency, investigate the modulus maximum that retains, seek the position T of the wave head maximal value appearance of reflected traveling wave signal 1, the roughly moment that this arrives for row wave-wave head constantly; C) distribution of investigation modulus maximum under the yardstick of determining initial wave head due in, after initial wave head arrives Search in the scope, adopt wavelet method to determine the position of the corresponding modulus maximum of reflected traveling wave signal, be the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction, wherein, l is the cable line total length, and v is the row velocity of wave propagation.
Cable fault localization is carried out in the loop that the present invention utilizes cable sheath and the earth to form, thereby has realized the dual-use function of cable fault on-line monitoring and real time distance simultaneously.Owing to directly be not electrically connected between the heart yearn of range measurement system and high-tension cable, not only safe and reliable, and when work, do not influence the normal transmission of electricity task of cable fully, so can in cable power transmission, realize the on-line monitoring and the real time distance of cable fault.The present invention has not only reduced equipment complexity and cost by fault detect and fault localization are united two into one, and has reduced the complicated operation degree, has improved fault detect and range finding efficient.
In addition, the present invention utilizes the wavelet analysis technology analysis to obtain the accurate time of arrival of reflected traveling wave pulse signal, improves the fault localization precision.The capable wave-wave head due in of accurately demarcating the fault reflected signal is the key that guarantees and improve distance accuracy.Need to consider the principal element of two aspects: the one, row ripple frequency dispersion problem.Traveling wave maser contains abundant frequency component in signal, and the velocity of propagation of each frequency component and attenuation constant are all inequality, therefore can cause traveling wave maser to deform, be embodied in capable wave-wave head part and have certain rise time towards signal waveform in transmission course.Traditional pulse detecting method mainly is whether to cross threshold value by comparison pulse signal to realize detecting, and its judgment and poor anti jamming capability are difficult to accurately determine the moment that reflected traveling wave wave head forward position arrives.The 2nd, the noise problem that transmission course is introduced.The tradition noise-eliminating method only is applicable to that generally signal is steady and has the situation that obviously is different from the noise spectrum feature, but, will not very desirable if therefore adopt traditional noise-eliminating method effect because the cable fault localization signal is the non-stationary signal that contains a large amount of high fdrequency components.Because wavelet analysis technology is a kind ofly can be adaptively carry out the signal localization simultaneously from time-frequency domain and analyze, and can focus on the analytical approach of signal time domain and any details of frequency domain.Therefore, the present invention utilizes wavelet analysis technology, and the reflected traveling wave signal is carried out interference analysis and inhibition under different scale, can detect the accurate time of arrival that obtains the reflected traveling wave signal by wavelet transformation modulus maximum and Singularity Detection principle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The loop of the present invention by utilizing armature of cable layer and the earth to form, and wavelet analysis technology carries out the range finding of Method of Cable Trouble Point, can realize the on-line monitoring of cable fault and the dual-use function of real time distance simultaneously, equipment complexity and complicated operation degree have been simplified, improve fault detect and range finding efficient, solved the technological difficulties problem that power cable fault generally lacks effective on-line monitoring and real time distance means.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the method for armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring of the present invention and real time distance;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the method for armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring of the present invention and real time distance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail by embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, between the armor 4 of the measuring junction A of cable and the earth, apply and launch traveling wave maser towards signal s, direction along cable in the capable ripple transmission system that traveling wave maser forms between armor 4 and the earth towards signal is propagated, between the armor of cable other end B and the earth, matched load R is set, matched load mates with the characteristic impedance of row ripple transmission system, thereby forms the loop between armor and the earth.When the emission traveling wave maser when signal s runs into the trouble spot P of cable, reflected traveling wave signal r is along transferring to measuring junction A in the other direction.Wherein, cable comprises oversheath 1, insulation course 2, heart yearn 3 and armor 4.
1) between the armor of cable measuring junction and the earth, apply and the emission traveling wave maser of launching low pressure towards signal, and record emission traveling wave maser is towards the waveform and the time of signal.
Because the cable fault type that the present invention is primarily aimed at is cable open circuit and open circuit fault, therefore in traveling wave method, adopted fairly simple effective action of low-voltage pulse reflectometry, pulse voltage is chosen representative value 500V, but being circuit loop that the heart yearn by present cable constitutes, the key distinction makes the loop that constitutes by between armor and the earth into, therefore, the traveling wave maser of the present invention emission is to be applied between the armor and the earth of measuring junction of power cable towards voltage, propagates in the capable ripple transmission system that constitutes between by armature of cable layer and the earth then.
In order to realize the online range finding of cable fault, its prerequisite is in time to find fault, therefore the present invention needs continuously from measuring junction emission low-voltage line wave pulse signal, and the travelling wave signal waveform and the launch time of record emission, so that subsequent step can constantly carry out fault judgement at the feature of reflected traveling wave signal, thereby finds cable fault in time.
Designing the interpulse time interval of exomonental time width and front and back need comprehensively determine according to the distance of trouble spot and the detection difficulty of reflected traveling wave signal (or fault localization precision).With trouble spot distance is example, suppose that pulse emission width is 0.5 μ s, and cablebreak speed is 160m/ μ s, then its to measure blind area be 40m, just require this moment its nearest trouble spot apart from can not be less than 40m.Specifically come the strobe pulse width according to measuring distance, measuring distance is far away, and pulse width is wideer.
2) the reflected traveling wave signal of receiving according to the cable measuring junction is judged to have or not cable fault.
At first the reflected traveling wave signal of receiving according to the cable measuring junction is judged to have or not cable fault.If cable does not break down, then, can not receive the reflected traveling wave signal at measuring junction because the other end of tested cable is in the impedance matching state; If but cable breaks down, then the trouble spot in cable can produce reflection because impedance matches, and will receive the reflected traveling wave signal at measuring junction, therefore can judge whether to take place cable fault in view of the above.
3) exist under the situation of cable fault in judgement,, utilize wavelet analysis technology to carry out signature analysis, thereby obtain the correct time that fault reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction at the reflected traveling wave signal that measuring junction is received.The present invention selects wavelet analysis technology to come the detection streamer fault, mainly be to have utilized the starting point of reflected traveling wave signal to have singularity (singular point of signal promptly takes place constantly corresponding to fault), and the Singularity Detection principle of wavelet transformation modulus maximum (the modulus maximum point of wavelet transformation is the singular point of signal).
Utilize the main process of wavelet technique analysis reflected traveling wave signal as follows: a) the reflected traveling wave signal to be carried out wavelet transformation, ask for the modulus maximum under each yardstick.Observe the situation of change of modulus maximum under different scale, for increase the then reservation that modulus maximum increases with yardstick; Increase with yardstick, what modulus maximum reduced is removed, and no longer considers.Be filtering all can propagate and not be the modulus maximum that comes by a last yardstick transmission to next yardstick.B) under the high yardstick of low frequency, investigate the modulus maximum that retains, seek the position T of the wave head maximal value appearance of reflected traveling wave signal 1, the roughly moment that this arrives for row wave-wave head constantly.Under the low yardstick of high frequency, T 1Search the travelling wave signal catastrophe point, the most close T in the field constantly 1Catastrophe point constantly is the jump signal of initial row wave-wave head.C) distribution of investigation modulus maximum under the yardstick of determining initial wave head due in, after initial wave head arrives
Figure BDA00002951417500051
Search for (l is the cable line total length, and v is the row velocity of wave propagation) in the scope, adopt wavelet method to determine the position of the corresponding modulus maximum of reflected traveling wave signal, be the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction.
When using wavelet analysis technology, consider noise effect concrete, therefore need preestablish a rational threshold values,, think that cable has fault when the modulus maximum of the wavelet transformation of reflected traveling wave signal during greater than threshold values; When the modulus maximum of the wavelet transformation of reflected traveling wave signal during, think that then the modulus maximum that is lower than threshold values is produced by noise or random disturbance, does not belong to cable fault less than threshold values.
4) the emission traveling wave maser that obtains according to measuring junction multiplied each other the emission traveling wave maser that records towards the mistiming between signal and reflected traveling wave signal towards mistiming between signal and reflected traveling wave signal and row velocity of wave propagation, divided by the two accurate positions that can obtain the trouble spot.
Wherein, the capable velocity of wave propagation that how accurately obtains the capable ripple transmission system that is made of armor and the earth is an another one key link of the present invention, and its result will directly influence final distance accuracy.But, capable ripple transmission system of the present invention and present institute generally employing have more different.Because the row ripple is to transmit in the capable ripple transmission system that armor and the earth by cylinder type hollow constitute, its transmission medium is relatively complicated, both included the outermost plastic material of cable, also comprise various underground environments by the system of laying decision, these all can influence capable velocity of wave propagation, thereby have influence on the accuracy of range finding.For this reason, the present invention is according to the structure of armor, the material of oversheath, and underground environment, by the Electromagnetic Simulation analysis means, as commercial electromagnetism emulation tool HFSS, ANSYS etc., row ripple transmission system is carried out modeling analysis, thereby obtain to go accurately characterisitic parameter such as velocity of wave propagation.
It should be noted that at last the purpose of publicizing and implementing example is to help further to understand the present invention, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, various substitutions and modifications all are possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the disclosed content of embodiment, and the scope of protection of present invention is as the criterion with the scope that claims define.

Claims (7)

1. the method for armoured power cable On-line Fault monitoring and real time distance is characterized in that described method may further comprise the steps:
1) between the armor of the measuring junction of cable and the earth, apply and the emission traveling wave maser of launching low pressure towards signal, and record emission traveling wave maser is towards the waveform and the time of signal;
2) the reflected traveling wave signal of receiving according to the measuring junction of cable is judged to have or not cable fault, if fault is arranged then enter step 3), if do not have fault then return step 1);
3) utilize wavelet analysis technology that the reflected traveling wave signal is carried out denoising Processing and check and analysis, obtain the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction;
4) the emission traveling wave maser that obtains according to measuring junction is towards the mistiming between signal and reflected traveling wave signal, and the row velocity of wave propagation, calculates the accurate position of trouble spot.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 1), described emission traveling wave maser is divided into several scopes towards the width of signal, comes the strobe pulse width according to measuring distance, and measuring distance is far away, pulse width is wideer, and measuring distance is shorter, and pulse width is narrower.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 2) in, when running into towards signal, the emission traveling wave maser of measuring junction can reflect when impedance does not match a little trouble spot, can receive relevant reflected traveling wave signal at measuring junction; And when cable does not break down, be in the impedance matching state because the other end of tested cable is provided with matched load this moment, can not receive relevant reflected traveling wave signal at measuring junction.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in step 3), utilizes wavelet analysis technology as follows to the main process that the reflected traveling wave signal carries out signature analysis: a) the reflected traveling wave signal to be carried out wavelet transformation, ask for the modulus maximum under each yardstick; B) under the high yardstick of low frequency, investigate the modulus maximum that retains, seek the position T of the wave head maximal value appearance of reflected traveling wave signal 1, the roughly moment that this arrives for row wave-wave head constantly; C) distribution of investigation modulus maximum under the yardstick of determining initial wave head due in, after initial wave head arrives Search in the scope, adopt wavelet method to determine the position of the corresponding modulus maximum of reflected traveling wave signal, be the correct time that the reflected traveling wave signal arrives measuring junction, wherein, l is the cable line total length, and v is the row velocity of wave propagation.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 4), and the mistiming between the travelling wave signal of elder generation's calculating measuring junction emission and the reflected traveling wave signal that receives; Multiply each other and obtain distance with the row velocity of wave propagation then, at last will this distance divided by the two accurate positions that can obtain the trouble spot.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, considers noise effect, need preestablish a rational threshold values, when the modulus maximum of the wavelet transformation of reflected traveling wave signal during greater than threshold values, thinks that cable has fault; When the modulus maximum of the wavelet transformation of reflected traveling wave signal during, think that then the modulus maximum that is lower than threshold values is produced by noise or random disturbance, does not belong to cable fault less than threshold values.
7. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, according to the structure of armor, the material of oversheath, and underground environment are by the Electromagnetic Simulation analysis means, row ripple transmission system is carried out modeling analysis, thereby obtain to go accurately characterisitic parameter such as velocity of wave propagation.
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CN105319229A (en) * 2014-06-24 2016-02-10 国家电网公司 Defect detecting method and system of high voltage buried cables
CN105988066A (en) * 2015-02-09 2016-10-05 华北电力大学(保定) Double-end partial discharging positioning method of long-distance cable based on correction pulses
CN105469522A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-04-06 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 Cable antitheft method and device
CN105445624A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-30 重庆大学 Cable fault positioning method according to combination of wavelet transformation and curve fitting
CN106249104A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-12-21 山东康威通信技术股份有限公司 A kind of detection device and method of communication cable shielding layer status monitoring
CN106291241A (en) * 2016-08-11 2017-01-04 国网天津市电力公司 A kind of electric power cable intelligent fault warning system
CN109884462B (en) * 2018-12-03 2022-10-04 国家电网有限公司 Short-circuit fault positioning method and system for high-voltage single-core cable
CN109884462A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-06-14 国家电网有限公司 A kind of the short trouble localization method and system of high voltage single-core cable
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Application publication date: 20130724