A kind of method of separating-purifying furfural
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical engineering separation technology field, particularly relate to a kind of method of separating-purifying furfural.
Background technology
Current domestic furfural mill adopts distillation method separating-purifying furfural, and energy consumption is higher, and simultaneously because the rate of recovery is lower, a small amount of furfural discharges with factory effluent, and the environmental pollution brought thus and problem of resource waste are comparatively serious.
Furfural has another name called furtural, and belong to the furans race aldehydes of heterocycle, be water white liquid under normal temperature, and have Semen Armeniacae Amarum taste, industrial goods show slightly faint yellow.Fusing point-38.7 DEG C, boiling point 161.7 DEG C, relative density 1.1594 (20/4 DEG C).Easily blackening in atmosphere.The aqueous solution of 8.3% can be formed at 20 DEG C, be dissolved in the organic solvent such as ethanol, ether.
Take plant as raw material, preparing furfural through acidic hydrolysis is industrialized preparing process unique at present.The main raw material of furfural is corn cob, cotton seed hulls.Bagasse, bran skin or stalk etc. are rich in the wastes of crops of hemicellulose.Domestic furfurol industry generally adopts strong acid (dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid etc.) to make catalyzer in producing, and in hydrolytic process, furfural hydrolysis produced with high-pressure steam and other by-product volatile matter take hydrolyzer out of, form aldehyde gas.General containing furfural 4-6%, acetic acid 1-2% in aldehyde gas, also have a small amount of low-boiling-point substance.Aldehyde gas enters just gold-plating tower after condensation, obtains furfural and water azeotrope at tower top, discharges the trade effluent containing acetic acid and a small amount of furfural at the bottom of first gold-plating tower.Air trade effluent is general all unprocessed and directly discharge, and confirms through environmental monitoring results, containing acetic acid 1.0%-2.5%, furfural 0.2%-0.5% and multiple organic compound in furfural waste-water, and pH value 2-3.
Energy consumption accounts for the very large proportion of furfural production cost, and current domestic furfural production factory adopts distillation method separating-purifying furfural, because furfural content is lower, need multiple distillation tower, facility investment is comparatively large, and energy consumption is higher, and acetic acid also easily generates resin with furfural effect, reduction productive rate, while occluding device.As then can not get acetic acid with redistillation in elder generation, and sodium-acetate adds liquid viscosity in purification apparatus, especially the refining later stage hinders furfural evaporation, furfural content in raffinate is raised, loss amount accounts for a kind of 2% (CN101696196B, method improving furfural yield and reclaim formaldehyde) of furfural.The discharge how reducing energy consumption, recycling by product acetic acid and the minimizing furfural waste-water that furfural is separated becomes study hotspot.
At present supercritical extraction, solvent extraction, pervaporation, absorption method etc. are mainly contained to the research of furfural separation method.Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation furfural aqueous solution, facility investment is large, and running cost is high, and the work of current this respect is also only limited to laboratory.Liquid solvent extracting and separating furfural and water, technique is comparatively simple comparatively speaking, compares, can save a large amount of energy consumption with Conventional espresso method.CN1560043A discloses the counter-current extraction separation method of furfural in a kind of aqueous solution, in prioritization scheme, extraction agent is trieline, the volume ratio of raw material/solvent is 2-3: 1,1, its weak point does not consider the impact of acetic acid in furfural actual production process, and use a large amount of halohydrocarbon, unfavorable to environment.UjjalK.Ghosh etc. have carried out Pervaporation and have been separated the research of furfural aqueous solution, prepared make furfural selectivity through film, but there is the low problem of flux, and the running cost of pervaporation is higher, not easily industrialization.
Many investigators have carried out the research that furfural waste-water is administered.CN1354165A discloses control of waste water produced in furfural industry and prepares N-BUTYL ACETATE technique, by furfural processing wastewater through ion exchange resin absorption after with ammoniacal liquor first by furfural desorption, and then acetate ion desorption is got off, react with ammoniacal liquor and generate Spirit of Mindererus, distinguish evaporation concentration again, further exquisiteness process, then separately win furfural and N-BUTYL ACETATE.Employ a large amount of ammoniacal liquor in this technique, easily cause environmental pollution.In addition, the removal process of acetic acid is first reacted for Spirit of Mindererus, acidifying after distillation, and then evaporation obtains acetic acid, and whole process is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.CN100374378C discloses the reverse osmosis membrane treatment method of industrial wastewater from furfural production, under the condition of normal temperature without phase transformation, reclaim acetate, and its weak point does not consider the recovery of furfural.
Compare other isolation technique and adsorption medium (as gac), the aperture of macroporous adsorbent resin is all larger with specific surface area, there is in resin inside the three-dimensional pore structure of three-dimensional space, have that physical and chemical stability is high, the large loading capacity of specific surface area is large, selectivity good, rate of adsorption is fast, desorption condition is gentle, manipulation of regeneration is convenient, life cycle is long, be suitable for and form the plurality of advantages such as closed cycle, cost saving, therefore adopted in the present invention's invention.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of separating-purifying furfural, be intended to the method solving the purification furfural that prior art provides, energy consumption is higher, and the rate of recovery is lower, the problem of environmental pollution and serious waste of resources.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of separating-purifying furfural, the method comprises the following steps:
By the furfural aqueous solution of separation to be purified through being filled with the fixed bed of sorbent material, effluent liquid is not by the acetic acid that adsorbs or sodium acetate aqueous solution;
Fixed bed is used eluent desorb, obtain highly purified furfural elutriant, obtain furfural target product through aftertreatment.
Further, the furfural aqueous solution of purification to be separated is hydrolyzed the hydrolyzed solution of natural hemicellulose raw material gained or the hydrolyzed solution after neutralizing treatment by sulfuric acid catalysis, composition is the furfural of 1% ~ 8%, the acetic acid of 1% ~ 2% and trace impurity, and raw material is corn cob, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, bran skin, stalk;
The mode of neutralizing treatment is for adding sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide;
Sorbent material is a series of nonpolar macroporous adsorption resins of D100 or D141 or D101 type;
Eluent is ethanol or N-BUTYL ACETATE.
Further, by the furfural distillate of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained, furfural content is 5.5%, join the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 0.8BV/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 28ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.00156%, acetate concentration is 1%, then adds 10ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1343g/ml.
Further, by the furfural distillate of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained, furfural content is 4.82%, with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate neutralization, join the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 2V/h, volume 16.3ml, internal diameter i.d.=2.04cm, applied sample amount is 45ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0107%, then adds 16ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1317g/ml.
Further, by the furfural distillate of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained, furfural content is 4.79%, join the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, volume 16.3ml, internal diameter i.d.=2.04cm, applied sample amount is 39ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0145%, acetate concentration is 0.95%, then adds 16ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.115g/ml.
Further, the saturated furfural distillate sodium hydroxide of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained is neutralized, the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin is joined with the flow velocity of 2V/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 30ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.009%, then adds 10ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1887g/ml.
Further, solution containing 8% furfural, 2% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 3V/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 25ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.05338%, acetate concentration is 1.5%, then adds 10ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.188g/ml.
Further, solution containing 5% furfural, 1.25% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 28ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0338%, acetate concentration is 1%, then adds 10ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1344g/ml.
Further, solution containing 1% furfural, 0.25% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 54ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0023%, acetate concentration is 0.175%, then adds 10ml ethanol and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, and in elutriant, furfural content is 0.052g/ml.
Further, solution containing 8% furfural, 2% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, volume 10ml, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm, applied sample amount is 25ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.05338%, and acetate concentration is 1.56%, then adds N-BUTYL ACETATE and carries out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, collect elutriant N-BUTYL ACETATE layer 5ml, furfural content is 0.37g/ml.
The method of separating-purifying furfural provided by the invention, first by the furfural aqueous solution of separation to be purified through being filled with the fixed bed of sorbent material, effluent liquid is not by the acetic acid that adsorbs or sodium acetate aqueous solution; Then fixed bed is used eluent desorb, obtain the furfural elutriant of high purity and high density, obtain furfural target product through aftertreatment; Furfural in distillate is separated with acetic acid by the method simultaneously, with the form recovery of acetic acid of acetic acid or sodium-acetate, decrease the treatment step of furfural waste-water, and by absorption-desorption technological process, change furfural aqueous solution into organic solvent solution, and improve concentration; Compared with traditional distillation method, reduce the energy consumption be separated needed for furfural, reduce environmental pollution, improve productive rate and the purity of furfural, there is important industrial application value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the realization flow figure of the method for the separating-purifying furfural that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, and be not used in restriction invention.
Fig. 1 shows the realization flow of the method for the separating-purifying furfural that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
The method comprises the following steps:
In step S101, by the furfural aqueous solution of separation to be purified through being filled with the fixed bed of sorbent material, effluent liquid is not by the acetic acid that adsorbs or sodium acetate aqueous solution;
In step s 102, fixed bed is used eluent desorb, obtain highly purified furfural elutriant, obtain furfural target product through aftertreatment.
In embodiments of the present invention, the furfural aqueous solution of purification to be separated is hydrolyzed the hydrolyzed solution of natural hemicellulose raw material gained or the hydrolyzed solution after neutralizing treatment by sulfuric acid catalysis, composition is the furfural of 1% ~ 8%, the acetic acid of 1% ~ 2% and trace impurity, and raw material is corn cob, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, bran skin, stalk;
The mode of neutralizing treatment is for adding sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide;
Sorbent material is a series of nonpolar macroporous adsorption resins of D100 or D141 or D101 type;
Eluent is ethanol or N-BUTYL ACETATE.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
The present invention establishes with the method for furfural contained by acid hydrolysis liquid in the existing production technique of macroporous resin enrichment, using the solution containing furfural and acetic acid or after being carried out neutralizing treatment as sample solution, with certain flow rate through being filled with the fixed bed of macroporous resin, wherein contained furfural obtains high-selectivity adsorption, and most of acetic acid or sodium-acetate are not then flowed out by macroporous resin adsorption.After absorption fully, inject a certain amount of eluent to fixed bed, can by the complete desorb of furfural of absorption.This processing method has high adsorption rate and high desorption efficiency to furfural simultaneously, and this optionally advantage can make furfural be separated with other impurity, reduces in current furfural production process simultaneously, reclaims the step of furfural from the waste water of discharge.Compared with distillation method, improve productive rate and the purity of furfural, reduce the energy consumption be separated needed for furfural, simultaneously also for the wastewater treatment of furfurol industry brings facility, therefore there is important industrial application value.
The present invention adopts absorption method to be separated furfural aqueous acetic acid, using the solution containing furfural and acetic acid or after being carried out neutralizing treatment as sample solution, with certain flow rate by being filled with the fixed bed of sorbent material, acetic acid or sodium-acetate are not present in by adsorbing in effluent liquid, this effluent liquid near colorless is transparent, recovery of acetic acid can be carried out in subsequent technique, prepare the operations such as byproduct Snow Agent, to increase economic benefit and social benefit; And furfural is almost completely by adsorbent, then use a small amount of ethanol by its desorb, obtain the furfural ethanolic soln of high density, be separated furfural and ethanol after simple distillation, ethanol is then as strippant recycle.Stock liquid volume: resin volume=2.3 ~ 5: 1, effluent volume: resin volume=1 ~ 1.5: 1.
Absorption method is applied to the separation of furfural hydrolysis liquid by the present invention first, has following advantage: the furfural in distillate is separated with acetic acid by (1) simultaneously, with the form recovery of acetic acid of acetic acid or sodium-acetate, decreases the treatment step of furfural waste-water; (2) by absorption-desorption technique, furfural aqueous solution is changed into the organic solvent solution of high density, make it to be convenient to reclaim; Compared with traditional distillation method, reduce the energy consumption be separated needed for furfural, improve productive rate and the purity of furfural.
Embodiment one:
The furfural distillate (furfural content is 5.5%) of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained is joined the fixed bed (10ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 0.8BV/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 28ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.00156%, acetate concentration is 1%, then add 10ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1343g/ml.
Embodiment two:
By the furfural distillate (furfural content is 4.82%) of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate neutralization, fixed bed (the 16.3ml being filled with D141 resin is joined with the flow velocity of 2V/h, internal diameter i.d.=2.04cm), applied sample amount is 45ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0107%, then add 16ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1317g/ml.
Embodiment three:
The furfural distillate (furfural content is 4.79%) of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained is joined the fixed bed (16.3ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, internal diameter i.d.=2.04cm), applied sample amount is 39ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0145%, acetate concentration is 0.95%, then add 16ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.115g/ml.
Embodiment four:
The saturated furfural distillate sodium hydroxide of acid catalysis corn cob hydrolysis gained is neutralized, fixed bed (the 10ml being filled with D141 resin is joined with the flow velocity of 2V/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 30ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.009%, then add 10ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1887g/ml.
Embodiment five:
Solution containing 8% furfural, 2% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed (10ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 3V/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 25ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.05338%, acetate concentration is 1.5%, then add 10ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.188g/ml.
Embodiment six:
Solution containing 5% furfural, 1.25% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed (10ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 28ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0338%, acetate concentration is 1%, then add 10ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.1344g/ml.
Embodiment seven:
Solution containing 1% furfural, 0.25% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed (10ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 54ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.0023%, acetate concentration is 0.175%, then add 10ml ethanol and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, in elutriant, furfural content is 0.052g/ml.
Embodiment eight:
Solution containing 8% furfural, 2% acetic acid is joined the fixed bed (10ml being filled with D141 resin with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, internal diameter i.d.=1.128cm), applied sample amount is 25ml, in effluent liquid, furfural content is 0.05338%, acetate concentration is 1.56%, then add N-BUTYL ACETATE and carry out wash-out with the flow velocity of 1BV/h, collect elutriant N-BUTYL ACETATE layer 5ml, furfural content is 0.37g/ml.
The method of the separating-purifying furfural that the embodiment of the present invention provides, first by the furfural aqueous solution of separation to be purified through being filled with the fixed bed of sorbent material, effluent liquid is not by the acetic acid that adsorbs or sodium acetate aqueous solution; Then fixed bed is used eluent desorb, obtain highly purified furfural elutriant, obtain furfural target product through aftertreatment; Furfural in distillate is separated with acetic acid by the method simultaneously, with the form recovery of acetic acid of acetic acid or sodium-acetate, decreases the treatment step of furfural waste-water; And by absorption-desorption technological process, change furfural aqueous solution into organic solvent solution, and improve concentration, make it to be convenient to reclaim.Compared with traditional distillation method, reduce the energy consumption be separated needed for furfural, reduce environmental pollution, improve productive rate and the purity of furfural, add economic benefit and social benefit, there is important industrial application value.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.