CN103210949B - 一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂 - Google Patents
一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210949B CN103210949B CN201310107989.1A CN201310107989A CN103210949B CN 103210949 B CN103210949 B CN 103210949B CN 201310107989 A CN201310107989 A CN 201310107989A CN 103210949 B CN103210949 B CN 103210949B
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Abstract
一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,属于林业害虫技术领域。其特征在于由A组分和B组分构成,A组分由95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮组成,95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为1-10:1-5:1;B组分为2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇;A组分:B组分的体积重量比为20-100ml:20-100mg。上述一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,配比合理,引诱效果显著,具有高效、环保、安全、持效期长等优点,对于保护受到光肩星天牛危害的杨树、柳树、梧桐、木麻黄、栾树等常见树种具有重要意义,可以应用在三北防护林、沿海防护林和城市林业中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于林业害虫技术领域,具体为一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂。
背景技术
光肩星天牛是一种重要的林业害虫,在我国除个别省、区外都有分布。幼虫蛀食杨树、柳树、榆树、槭树、悬铃木、白蜡、栾树等树木主干、大枝,成虫取食小枝、叶片,在3-5年内逐渐地将树木杀死,每年造成大量木材的损失。光肩星天牛几乎摧毁了我国三北地区的杨树林,对沿海防护林和城市林业中的绿化树种也形成了巨大威胁。
目前,防治方法主要有人工捕杀、化学防治和天敌保护利用,但是天牛是一类保护机制较为完善的昆虫,特别是幼虫生活隐蔽、蛀孔复杂, 成虫体壁、鞘翅厚而坚硬、耐药力强, 世代较长并参差不齐,生殖力强等诸多特点使传统的化学防治很难奏效。为寻求新的有效的防治方法, 从70 年代起,国内外植保工作者对光肩星天牛的引诱植物和植物性引诱剂开展了尝试性的研究。陆群等试验发现, 光肩星天牛雄虫触角在成虫交尾中起决定作用, 当雄虫接收到雌虫发出的性信息后主动产生性行为, 证实了雄虫触角上存在感受器。李德家等研究指出光肩星天牛雄虫依靠触角、下唇须和下颚须上的化感器的接触感应来接受雌虫发出的性信号的刺激, 并产生性反应。Orlando 等研究了光肩星天牛雄虫触角嗅觉感受器的超微结构, 发现存在2 种类型的感受器。孙金钟针对中原地区杨树工业用材林研究指出了栽植苦楝隔离带和糖槭引诱树可使杨树林分显著提高对光肩星天牛的自然控制能力,并指出利用桑科、蔷薇科、槭树科木本植物作诱饵分别诱杀桑天牛、云斑天牛和光肩星天牛可有效地控制天牛灾害。黄竞芳等研究分析了糖槭树内引诱光肩星天牛趋聚、取食、产卵的有效化学物质, 并测定出了两种引诱效果最好的多糖的分子结构及分子量, 为大规模诱捕光肩星天牛开辟了新的诱源。然而目前,在生产应用上还没有一种有效的光肩星天牛引诱剂产品。
李建光等对复叶槭释放的挥发性物质进行分析,研究发现挥发物中顺-3-己烯-1-醇在田间对光肩星天牛比其它化合物有更强的引诱活性,但该成份是叶片中普通气味物质,经过林间实际诱捕,效果非常差,几乎没有诱捕到光肩星天牛。
张爱军从光肩星天牛雄虫身上分离到2种挥发性物质4-(n-庚氧基)丁醛 和 4-(n-庚氧基) 1-丁醇,室内嗅觉仪试验证明,10μg的混合物在1:1的配比情况下,对光肩星天牛有引诱作用;这两种物质只是室内试验有作用,但经过林间诱捕试验发现,几乎无法诱捕到光肩星天牛,不能制成引诱剂产品。
Nehme利用雄性信息素4-(n-庚氧基)丁醛 、 4-(n-庚氧基) 1-丁醇与植物源挥发物(-)-芳樟醇,顺_3_己烯_1_醇, 氧化芳樟醇, 反式-石竹烯、反式-caryophyllene, 反式-松香芹醇等物质配合使用,可以在林间诱捕到少量光肩星天牛,但是诱捕期一般为1~2个月,平均每个诱芯诱捕量只有0.1~3头,诱捕效果不理想。
骆有庆等提出合理配置诱饵树(如合作杨、箭杆杨和复叶槭等)引诱光肩星天牛,并辅以杀虫剂对光肩星天牛进行诱杀;提出用杨树或槭树作为引诱树种,来达到引诱光肩星天牛的目的,没有研究出有效的引诱剂成分,无法制成引诱剂产品;用树来引诱光肩星天牛,需要栽培诱饵树、灭杀天牛、伐除诱饵树、补种诱饵树等过程,需要大量的劳力,且效果不理想。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种高效、环保、安全、持效期长的光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂的技术方案,该引诱剂的引诱效果显著。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于由A组分和B组分构成,A组分由95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮组成,95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为1-10:1-5:1;B组分为2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇;A组分:B组分的体积重量比为20-100ml: 20-100mg。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为2-8:2-4:1。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为4-6:3:1。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮为7:2:1。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于A组分:B组分的体积重量比为30-80ml:30-80mg。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于A组分:B组分的体积重量比为40-60ml: 40-60mg。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物的挥发速率为500-2000 μL/d。
所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的挥发速率为0.2-2mg/d。
所述的水芹烯,英文名称为α-Phellandrene,单环单萜类化合物,有左旋和右旋两种立体异构。油状液体。左旋体沸点171~172℃(101.05kPa),相对密度0.8410,折射率1.4732,旋光度-112°。右旋体沸点66~68℃(2.13kPa),相对密度0.8463,折射率1.4777,+86.4°。不溶于水,溶于醚。均为天然成分,存在于多种挥发油,如桉树油、月桂油、苦小茴香油、榄香油等中。香料用于药物、化妆品、牙膏和剃须用品中。能通过皮肤吸收,并对皮肤有刺激作用,摄人体内可引起呕吐、腹泻。
所述的壬醛,英文名称Nonanal,无色至淡黄色油状透明液体。呈强烈脂肪气息,稀释后呈橙子和玫瑰香气。沸点185℃或93℃(3066Pa),熔点5~7℃,闪点71℃。溶于乙醇、丙二醇、大多数非挥发性油和矿物油,几不溶于甘油和水。GB 2760—1996规定为暂时允许使用的食用香料。其主要用于配制橙子、柠檬和白柠檬等型香精。可用于食品。
所述的香叶基丙酮,英文名称:Geranyl acetone ,为无色至黄色液体,溶于乙醇等有机熔剂,沸点124℃/1.3 kPa,相对密度d2525: 0.865~0.872,折射率n20D: 1.465~1.469。具有青香、果香、蜡香、木香,并有生梨、番石榴、苹果、香蕉、热带水果香韵。天然存在于茴香、薄荷、茶叶、西红柿、西番莲、园柚油、柠檬草油、番茄酱。用作医药中间体和成维生素。用于合成异植物醇和橙花叔醇等,可配制香叶油。用于香料工业调配苹果、香蕉、生梨、梅子、热带水果等食用香精。
所述的2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇,英文名称为2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol,是从欧洲的一种名为樟子松墨天牛的雄性昆虫中分离到的一种聚集性信息素,对樟子松墨天牛具有引诱作用。
上述95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯、97%香叶基丙酮中涉及的百分含量是指产品的纯度。
上述壬醛、水芹烯、香叶基丙酮均可从百灵威科技有限公司直接购得,2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇由浙江农林大学生物农药高效制备实验室合成。
上述一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,配比合理,引诱效果显著,具有高效、环保、安全、持效期长等优点,对于保护受到光肩星天牛危害的杨树、柳树、梧桐、木麻黄、栾树等常见树种具有重要意义,可以应用在三北防护林、沿海防护林和城市林业中。这是首次成功研制出光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂产品,填补了国内外空白。
本申请文件中涉及的含量除另有说明外,均为体积百分含量。
附图说明
图1为不同化合物对光肩星天牛林间诱捕效果图;
图2为不同引诱剂对光肩星天牛成虫的诱捕效果图,图中的JG1:顺-3-己烯-1-醇;JG2:1-丁醇:1-戊醇:2-戊醇体积比1:1:1构成的引诱剂;ZL:本发明引诱剂配方3;M:4-(n-庚氧基)丁醛: 4-(n-庚氧基) 1-丁醇体积比1:1构成的引诱剂;L: (-)-芳樟醇,又名里那醇,甲哪醇;LM: 4-(n-庚氧基)丁醛+4-(n-庚氧基) 1-丁醇+ (-)-芳樟醇体积比1:1:20构成的引诱剂;MIX: (-)-芳樟醇:顺-3-己烯-1-醇:氧化芳樟醇:反式-石竹烯:反式-松香芹醇体积比1:1:1:1:1构成的引诱剂。
具体实施方式
现结合本发明的实施例和对比试验,进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
配方1
体积比为1:1:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为50ml: 50mg。
配方2
体积比为5:5:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为50ml:50mg。
配方3
体积比为7:2:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为50ml: 50mg。
配方4
体积比为10:2:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为50ml: 50mg。
配方5
体积比为7:2:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为100ml: 20mg。
配方6
体积比为7:2:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为20ml: 100mg。
配方7
体积比为7:2:1的95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮;2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇。95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物:2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的体积重量比为100ml: 50mg。
以下通过试验进一步说明本发明的有益效果
筛选关键成份的步骤如下步骤所述:用大气采样仪收集昆虫挥发物,用气相质谱联用仪分析昆虫化合物,用触角电位色谱联用仪筛选关键化合物,用Y型嗅觉仪进行室内行为活性试验,用诱捕器进行野外活性试验,最终筛选出关键成份。
试验一:寄主植物主要挥发物成分分析
试验方法
用Agilent 7890N-5975N CG-MS进行意杨、垂柳、苦楝、梧桐、木麻黄几种寄主植物气体挥发物成分分析,色谱柱是DB-5MS毛细血管柱(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25μm,J & W Scientific Inc., Folsom, CA),进样量2 μL,无分流进样。升温程序为起始温度50 ℃,保持1min,以5℃/min的速率程序升温至250℃,保持5min。电离方式为EI,电离能量为70 eV,离子源发生器温度为230 ℃,质量扫描范围为50-550 amu[160]。挥发物成分的鉴定在通过GC-MS总离子图与GC-EAD图谱比较之后,根据练级的Nist02数据库检索并结合质谱图中分子离子峰和碎片离子峰来定性,再通过人工化合物的保留时间和质谱图进行对比。试验结果见表1。
表 1 六种寄主植物主要气体挥发物成分
Table 1 Chemical composition of six host plants gas volatiles
化合物 | 梧桐 | 意杨 | 柳树 | 苦楝 | 黄山栾树 | 木麻黄 |
α-蒎烯.alpha.-Pinene | 3.03 | 1.14 | 3.77 | 5.07 | 5.42 | 4.88 |
对二氯苯Benzene, 1,4-dichloro- | 0.73 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 2.00 | ||
2-乙基-1-己醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- | 1.69 | 0.61 | 1.82 | |||
樟脑Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- | 14.80 | 5.24 | 11.35 | 0.39 | 1.02 | 0.89 |
柠檬烯Limonene | 1.82 | 1.32 | ||||
3,3-二甲基环己烷Acetaldehyde, (3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-, | 0.07 | 0.33 | ||||
壬醛Nonanal | 1.23 | |||||
马苄烯酮Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-timethyl- | 3.88 | 0.02 | ||||
莰烯Camphene | 3.12 | |||||
β-蒎烯beta.-Pinene | 4.78 | |||||
长叶烯1,4-Methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-, | 1.57 | |||||
全氟三丁胺Perfluorotributylamine | 2.18 | |||||
5-甲基-2-庚胺2-Heptanamine, 5-methyl- | 12.65 | |||||
苯甲酸丁酯Benzoic acid, butyl ester | 1.43 | |||||
4-乙基苯乙酮Ethanone, 1-(4-ethylphenyl)- | 8.14 | 12.35 | ||||
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Dibutyl phthalate | 1.77 | |||||
2,3,4-三甲基戊烷Pentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl- | 4.12 | |||||
正庚烷Heptane | 5.01 | 6.83 | ||||
2,4-二甲基己烷Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl- | 2.00 | 2.88 | ||||
1,4-二乙基苯Benzene, 1,4-diethyl- | 29.67 |
通过NTST谱库系统检索,与标准图谱比较这几种寄主植物的气体挥发物鉴定出20种化合物,主要是一些醛类、脂类、醇类、直链和支链的饱和和非饱和烷烃类等化合物。
试验二:光肩星天牛对寄主成分的GC-EAD反应
试验方法:测定前用手术剪将活跃的光肩星天牛的整根触角自基部剪下,并小心剪去最后一节的末梢,将它放在沾有电极胶的电极叉上,触角的两端分别放到电极叉的两端,触角浸没在电极胶内。然后将电极叉与EAG记录仪相连。
Agilent 6890 气相色谱检测器为FID氢火焰离子检测器,载气为氮气,无分流进样,进样量为2 μL。升温程序:初始温度为50 ℃,保持1min,以5 ℃/min的速率程序性升温至250℃,保持5 min。进样口温度240 ℃,检测器温度280℃。记录到的信号经放大器(UN-06,Syntech)连接到IDAC 转换器(Auto Spike,IDAC2/3,Syntech),再接到计算机的硬件采集卡上,通过计算机软件(EAD版本2.3,Syntech)采集和分析数据。
从光肩星天牛触角基部用解剖剪(直尖,全长12.5 cm)剪下触角,并用刀片快速切下触角顶端约0.1 mm,处理后触角长度约2.5 cm,用导电硅胶将触角与EAG探头(PRG-2)叉状触角固定器的两个银电极联接,然后将电极插入EAG探头中。分离提取物的毛细柱为DB-5MS毛细血管柱(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25μm,J & W Scientific Inc.,Folsom,CA),出口端接分流器(OSS-2,SGE,澳大利亚),分流比1:2,分流的化合物一部分导入FID氢火焰离子检测器,另一部分经过加热套吹向触角(EAD),用GC-EAD软件(Syntech,The Netherlands)同步记录气相色谱和触角电位图。
试验结果表明:通过GC-MS总离子图与GC-EAD 图谱分析比较,表明能引起天牛触角电生理反应的成分为2-乙基-1-己醇、壬醛两种物质,这两种物质均能引起天牛触角较为明显的触角电位反应。
试验三:不同化合物对光肩星天牛林间诱捕效果初试
试验方法:将寄主植物中分析的主要成份和GC-EAD中分析到的活性成份,以及文献资料报道的相关成份进行林间的诱捕试验。
植物源成份和性信息素成份的释放装置不相同,植物源成份释放装置为聚乙烯释放瓶, 95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮各50ml,挥发速率为1000 μL/d。性信息素成份为2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇,释放装置为含有过滤纤维(15×6 mm)的聚乙烯缓释袋(2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 120 μm 厚) ,过滤纤维中含有50 mg 2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇,挥发速率为1mg/d;引诱剂每50天更换一次。采用十字交叉型天牛诱捕器,在相邻两棵树上绑上一个木棍,在木棍上悬挂诱捕器,诱捕器高度约为100cm,诱捕器上挂上装有植物源成份和性信息素成份的聚乙烯释放瓶和聚乙烯缓释袋,相邻诱捕器之间相隔20~30米。每2天检查一次诱捕结果,详细记录天牛的数量、性别、怀卵量等。所述的聚乙烯缓释袋和聚乙烯释放瓶均可从北京中捷四方科技有限公司购得。试验结果见图1。
试验结果表明:在单个化合物中,壬醛、α-水芹烯、香叶基丙酮和2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇都诱捕到了光肩星天牛,其中壬醛诱捕效果最好;壬醛和2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇联合应用,其诱捕效果显著高于壬醛或2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇单个使用;而2-乙基-1-己醇、α-蒎烯、樟脑和柠檬烯都没有诱捕到光肩星天牛。
试验四:植物源成分不同配比的林间诱捕试验
试验方法:将2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇与不同配比的植物源成份联合使用,测试其诱捕效果,其它试验方法同试验三。
试验结果表明: 95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮在7:2:1的情况下(即配方3),其诱捕效果最好,配方1~2、配方4~7也有很好的诱捕效果。
试验五:不同挥发率的林间对比试验
试验方法:将植物源成份和性信息素成份按照不同的挥发率进行林间试验,测试其对光肩星天牛的诱捕效果,通过调整释放瓶孔口大小来控制挥发速率,其它试验方法同试验三。
试验结果表明:95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物的挥发速率为1000 μL/d, 2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的挥发速率为1mg/d的情况下,其诱捕效果最好;95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物的挥发速率为500μL/d、800 μL/d、1200 μL/d、1500 μL/d、2000μL/d, 2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的挥发速率为0.2mg/d、0.5mg/d、1.2mg/d、1.5mg/d、2mg/d也能达到很好的诱捕效果。
试验六:与不同引诱剂的林间对比试验
试验方法:将本专利配方3与其它已报道引诱剂成分进行林间试验,对比分析其对光肩星天牛的诱捕效果,其它试验方法同试验三,试验结果见图2。
试验结果表明:该本专利配方3能够诱捕到大量光肩星天牛,显著高于其它引诱剂,以配方1-2和4-7进行相同的试验,也能达到本发明所述的有益效果。
申请人经过多年研究,在大量寄主植物和昆虫性信息素化合物的基础上,成功筛选出一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂配方,具有高效、安全、环保、使用简单、持效期长等优点,其配合天牛诱捕器悬挂于林间,可以监测和诱杀光肩星天牛,能够广泛应用于受到光肩星天牛危害的杨树、柳树、梧桐、栾树、木麻黄等防护林和绿化树林,具有广阔的推广应用前景。
Claims (8)
1. 一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于由A组分和B组分构成,A组分由95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮组成,95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为1-10:1-5:1;B组分为2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇;A组分:B组分的体积重量比为20-100ml: 20-100mg。
2. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为2-8:2-4:1。
3. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮的体积比为4-6:3:1。
4. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛:95%α-水芹烯:97%香叶基丙酮为7:2:1。
5. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于A组分:B组分的体积重量比为30-80ml:30-80mg。
6. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于A组分:B组分的体积重量比为40-60ml: 40-60mg。
7. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于95%壬醛、95%α-水芹烯和97%香叶基丙酮混合物的挥发速率为500-2000 μL/d。
8. 如权利要求1所述的一种光肩星天牛成虫引诱剂,其特征在于2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇的挥发速率为0.2-2mg/d。
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