CN103210716B - Corn ear test method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corn ear test method which comprises the following steps of: S1, connecting a test device; S2, initializing a test project; S3, setting the ear treatment mode, if the sample is even and orderly, entering S31 and carrying out batch processing, and if the sample is not even and orderly, entering S32 and carrying out precise processing; S4, threshing corn ears; S5, setting the cob treatment mode, if the sample is even and orderly, entering S51 and carrying out corn cob batch processing, and if the sample is not even and orderly, entering S52 and carrying out precise processing; and S6, carrying out batch processing on grains. The corn ear test method can obtain the accurate corn ear indexes, and effectively guarantees the error control in the test process; by combining software and hardware, the corn ear test method can complete the corn ear test by utilizing the image computing technology, thus well guaranteeing the consistency of data indexes, greatly improving the test efficiency and reducing the labor cost; and the original image information of the corn ears can be stored by the image technology, so that the digital resource of the corn ears can be set up.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of the seed treatment of agricultural, be specifically related to a kind of method to corn ear test.
Background technology
Corn scientific research personnel is in order to set up corn resources storehouse, carry out the experiment of corn assistant breeding, and a wherein important link is the acquisition to corn ear material proterties, namely corn ear test.The Elemental characters of corn ear comprises: more than 20 index such as tassel row number, row grain number, grain number per spike, spike length, fringe diameter, prominent point length, cob length, cob diameter, fruit ear volume, cob volume, fringe is heavy, cob is heavy, seed coat color, seed length, Kernel-Width, seed are thick, 100-grain weight, Kernel-Type.Under normal circumstances, carry out Maize Sciences experiment, need the corn ear material to up to ten thousand parts to carry out species test.The corn material quantity needing species test, the index number that measure and the requirement to index accuracy, make corn ear test be a system engineering of wasting time and energy.
At present, common species test mode has two kinds: artificial species test and utilize the species test of species test equipment.For artificial species test, species test personnel use dip stick, sky chessboard, graduated cylinder etc. to measure equipment and measure one by one These parameters, and measurement procedure comprises: 1) choose fruit ear sample of material, is numbered fruit ear material; 2) to the measurement of fruit ear index, measure and record tassel row number, row grain number, grain number per spike, spike length, fringe diameter, prominent point length, fringe volume, fringe weight, fruit ear colouring information; 3) threshing, and collect corn kernel; 4) to the measurement of cob index, measure and record cob length, cob diameter, cob weight, cob colouring information; 5) to the measurement of corn kernel index, measure and record that seed coat color, seed length, Kernel-Width, seed are thick, 100-grain weight, Kernel-Type.At present, for corn seed investigating based on artificial species test, manually by simple measuring instrument, can bring following shortcoming: 1) measuring process cannot be monitored, the error brought by human factor can not be avoided; 2) can only measure imperfect information to some species test index, such as to the measurement of the row grain number index of corn, general user only searches wherein a line and carries out several, and exact value is that seed sum is divided by tassel row number; 3) because corn ear test is damage type species test, namely in order to measure cob and seed information must carry out threshing to fruit ear, artificial species test can not carry out digitlization storage to fruit ear; 4) artificial species test efficiency is too low, labor expense.
For utilizing equipment species test, the automatic real grain seed species test of ten thousand dark SC-G types deeply being detected Science and Technology Ltd.'s exploitation by Hangzhou ten thousand is analyzed and thousand kernel weight instrument system, it utilizes scanner to carry out Image Acquisition to the one side of corn ear, then according to one-sided image, utilize image analysis algorithm, carry out fruit ear species test.The automatic real grain seed species test of ten thousand dark SC-G types deeply being detected Science and Technology Ltd.'s exploitation by Hangzhou ten thousand is analyzed and thousand kernel weight instrument system, it utilizes scanner to carry out Image Acquisition to the one side of corn ear, its shortcoming be obtain be one side information, major part corn ear index is all the estimated value by calculating out, the accuracy of species test index can not be ensured, this equipment does not provide function of weighing simultaneously, makes species test index limited, adds cost of labor.
Along with corn scientific research personnel is to corn ear index accuracy, requirement to corn ear digitlization storage backup, and increased by the diversified corn ear material quantity of species test that needs every year brought of corn ear description of materials, make corn seed investigating be the engineering system problem of a science, the measure error reducing species test index in this problems mandate corn seed investigating process avoids manual measurement work; Digitlization can be carried out, even if make corn ear material be destroyed also can carry out information reverting by digital information to corn ear; Reduce the cost of labor of species test, improve species test efficiency.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art part, the object of the invention is a kind of method proposing corn ear test.The object of the invention is to set up a set of rational corn ear test technical scheme.The hardware facilities such as integrated use camera, weight sensor, thresher, combining image process software and species test management software, make the species test of corn fruit have artificial species test to become automation species test, and carry out Key Quality point control management to species test process.Utilize this technical scheme, guarantee that species test process is carried out under strict quality control, provide corn ear digitlization to store huge profit use, and can greatly improve species test efficiency, reduce cost of labor.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
A species test method for corn ear, it comprises step:
S1 species test equipment connection: described species test equipment comprises camera, weight sensor, stepper motor, data collecting card, thresher, for forming the one in accurate corn ear test system, batch corn ear test system, corn kernel species test system, threshing system;
S2 species test engineering initializes: set up sample information, by the list of corn seed investigating index, and specification error interval range.Species test index comprises the indexs such as tassel row number, row grain number, grain number per spike, and error burst scope is between minimum of a value and maximum, and maximum is set to the 4-12 of minimum of a value doubly; Grain number per spike index is different from other indexs, and maximum can be the 40-50 of minimum of a value doubly; When data processing, the index of show sample exceedes error burst scope, then can report to the police, and needs to transfer sample to accurate process.
S3 fruit ear tupe is arranged: if sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S31; If sample is uneven, then enter step S32:
S31 corn ear batch process: 1-5 fruit ear sample is placed on the pallet with weight sensor, obtains corn ear weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take corn ear picture, carries out data processing;
S32 corn ear accurately processes: obtain a corn ear weight by weight sensor, with the picture of camera shooting corn ear;
The threshing of S4 corn ear;
S5 cob tupe is arranged: if sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S51; If sample is uneven, then enter step S52:
S51 corncob batch process: 1-5 cob sample is placed on the pallet with weight sensor, obtains cob weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take corncob picture, carries out data processing;
Cob is parallel to be placed on pallet, and placement order will with the placement sequence consensus of measure batch fruit ear.
S52 corncob accurately processes: obtain a cob weight by weight sensor, with the picture in four orientation of camera shooting corncob;
S6 seed batch process: obtain 100-150 corn kernel weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take the image information of corn kernel.
In step S1, described batch corn ear test system comprises camera, weight sensor, data collecting card;
Described accurate corn ear test system comprises weight sensor, stepper motor, camera, data collecting card;
Described threshing system comprises thresher;
Described corn kernel species test system comprises camera, weight sensor, data collecting card.
Wherein, described batch corn ear test system also includes 1-5 pallet, is all connected with weight sensor under each pallet; Described corn kernel species test system also includes pallet, is connected with weight sensor under pallet.
Wherein, described camera is industrial camera; Described stepper motor rotates for driving the device placing camera.Described accurate corn ear test system also comprises fixture, and described fixture is nail or pawl, vertical fixing fruit ear or cob.
The fruit ear of corn to be measured or cob are vertically fixed, the device that driving stepper motor places camera rotates, and takes the picture in four orientation with camera.
Wherein, the data processing of described step S31 comprises the process of view data, and when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to.
Wherein, the data processing of described step S51 comprises the process of view data, and when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to.
Wherein, described step S6 also comprises the process of view data, and when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to.
Wherein, the accurate process of described corn kernel comprises the measurement of weight measurement and size.
The index that in described step S3 and S5, whether judgement sample is neat and well spaced comprises: whether is hybridization system, whether empty grain is long-pending is greater than 10%; Whether black and white grain quantity is greater than 10%.If sample is inbred line, (inbred line general relatively more random, uneven) then accurately processes; If empty grain is long-pending be less than 10%, is batch process; Black and white grain quantity is less than 10% for batch process; Empty sharp length exceedes fruit ear overall length 10% and also elects accurate process as.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Compared with existing species test method, the method that the present invention proposes all improves a lot from hand labor cost, species test efficiency, species test control errors or the digitlization aspect from corn ear.For scientific research personnel, it is primary for can obtaining accurate corn ear index, native system is at the links of species test by the graphical contrast of visual, the result of calculation of computational process, and the control errors of result of calculation, effectively ensure that the control errors of species test process; And by the mode that software restraint combines, utilize image calculation technology, complete corn ear test, ensure the uniformity of data target well and greatly improve species test efficiency, reducing cost of labor; And the original image information of corn ear is saved by image technique, set up the digitalization resource of each index of corn ear.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method that the present invention proposes.
Fig. 2-Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing in image real time transfer.
Fig. 6 is the image information of corncob.
Fig. 7 is the image information of corn kernel.
Fig. 8 is the image of image real time transfer corn kernel.
Embodiment
Now with following most preferred embodiment, the present invention is described, but is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In embodiment, the material producing of species test is from corn trials field, Beijing academy of agricultural sciences, and be crossbreed corn, appearance is more regular.
Embodiment 1:
Step is see Fig. 1.S1 species test equipment connection: batch corn ear test system comprises the micro-view picture of industrial camera MVC1000(, model MVC1000, light source adopts LED light source), weight sensor (Tianjin Li Jing microelectronic device Co., Ltd), sensor data acquisition card (Altay science and technology, model USB5953); Batch corn ear test system has 5 fruit ear pallets, has weight sensor below each pallet.
Accurate corn ear test system comprises weight sensor, stepper motor (the grand Electric Machine Co., Ltd in Shanghai four, model: 35BYGH), industrial camera MVC1000, sensor data acquisition card (Altay science and technology, model USB5953); Corn ear to be measured or cob nail are vertically fixed, and the fruit ear that driving stepper motor is fixing or cob rotate; Weight sensor by data collecting card USB5953, camera by PCI-Express by data stored in computer.
Threshing system comprises thresher.
Corn kernel species test system comprises industrial camera MVC1000, weight sensor, data collecting card.
S2 species test engineering initializes: set up sample information, corn seed investigating index is listed in table 1, error burst scope is the scope in table 1 between maximum and minimum of a value.The maximin of the indices provided in table is exactly error burst scope, and measured value exceedes this Interval System and just can report to the police.Software systems provide user to revise the interface of interval range value.
S3 fruit ear tupe is arranged: tentatively check that whether pending sample is neat and well spaced, if empty grain is long-pending be less than 10%, is batch process; Black and white grain quantity is less than 10% for batch process; Empty sharp length exceedes fruit ear overall length 10% and elects accurate process as.
If sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S31; If sample is uneven, then enter step S32:
S31 corn ear batch process: 5 fruit ear samples are parallel on the pallet that holding tray surface is placed on weight sensor, obtain each corn ear weight by weight sensor, utilize camera to take 5 corn ear pictures, carry out data processing;
Use image processing algorithm to carry out background normalization, binary conversion treatment extraction seed contour feature to image, obtain corn ear index, in computational process, provide visual computational process information, effectively can avoid species test index calculate mistake.The seed can seen on corn ear by visual information is little by little searched, and judges the correctness of parameter according to visual image information.
The corn ear scale error table that simultaneity factor is arranged according to second step judges result of calculation.When there is vicious conclusion as checked, turn to step S32, to makeing mistakes, sample is accurately measured, otherwise turns to S4 to carry out corn ear threshing.
S32 corn ear accurately processes: obtain a corn ear weight by weight sensor, fruit ear is vertically fixed, and is rotated by driving stepper motor fruit ear, utilizes camera to take the picture (clapping a photos for every 90 °) in four orientation of corn ear; In Fig. 2-5 display be accurate species test time sectional drawing, for accurate species test, shooting be four faces of a fruit ear, program to be placed on the fruit ear in four faces on one pictures through process and to show.Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is that the seed of simulation removes image.Visual means for batch species test is also such process, just the fruit ear in a face is copied into the fruit ear in four faces, if data do not have mistake, process is to Fig. 5; If data are wrong, rest on Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, then this sample known is sample of makeing mistakes.
The threshing of S4 corn ear; Use husker sheller (agricultural machinery plant of the Qufu City BOCO) threshing of 9TY-830 type.
S5 cob tupe is arranged: tentatively check pending sample, if sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S51; If sample is uneven, then enter step S52:
S51 corncob batch process: 5 cobs are placed on the pallet with weight sensor, cob is parallel to be placed on pallet, and placement order will with the placement sequence consensus of measure batch fruit ear.Obtain each cob weight by weight sensor, utilize camera to take corncob picture, carry out data processing (Fig. 6);
S52 corncob accurately processes: obtain a cob weight by weight sensor, cob is vertically fixed, and is rotated by driving stepper motor cob, utilizes camera to take the picture in four orientation of corncob;
S6 seed batch process: obtain 100 corn kernel weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take the image information of corn kernel.Fig. 7 calls the corn kernel data processing based on image, provides visual computational process information in processing procedure, effectively can avoid species test index calculate mistake.Can see that seed is searched (Fig. 8) by grain by visual information, Fig. 7 is used for showing computer recognizing arrived this seed by each seed image of seed gathered being carried out binaryzation; Fig. 8 is used for expressing, the length of seed, width measure information.
If data do not have mistake, record data; If data are wrong, show this sample, then this sample known is sample of makeing mistakes.
When there is vicious conclusion as checked, to makeing mistakes, sample is accurately measured, and comprises the measurement of weight, size.
Table 1: corn seed investigating index
| Numbering | Title | Maximum | Minimum of a value | Unit |
| 1 | Tassel row number | 24 | 6 | ? |
| 2 | Row grain number | 60 | 5 | ? |
| 3 | Grain number per spike | 1440 | 30 | ? |
| 4 | Spike length | 50 | 5 | cm |
| 5 | Fringe is wide | 10 | 1 | cm |
| 6 | Volume | 500 | 100 | cm 3 |
| 7 | Cob is long | 50 | 5 | cm |
| 8 | Cob is wide | 4 | 0.8 | cm |
| 9 | Cob volume | 200 | 30 | cm 3 |
| 10 | Seed is long | 2 | 0.2 | cm |
| 11 | Seed is wide | 2 | 0.2 | cm |
| 12 | Seed is thick | 0.6 | 0.1 | cm |
| 13 | Fringe weight | 450 | 60 | g |
| 14 | Cob weight | 35 | 5 | g |
| 15 | 100-grain weight | 45 | 10 | g |
| 16 | Bald sharp length | 10 | 0 | cm |
By the species test of above-mentioned steps, investigated 10000 corns, average each corn sample is consuming time and manually list in table 2.The integrated value that the present embodiment determines 16 indexs in table 1 is the corn sample of maximum, and it can be used as high-yielding seed to wait until next year sowing.All species test data are all kept in computer, set up the digitalization resource of corn ear.
Table 2: species test time and manpower compare
| Species test mode | Personnel | Used time |
| Accurate species test | 2 | 30 seconds/fringe |
| Batch species test | 2 | 10 seconds/fringe |
| Artificial species test | 5-8 | 2-3 minute/fringe |
Above embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various modification that the common engineers and technicians in this area make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determine.
Claims (4)
1. a species test method for corn ear, is characterized in that, comprise step:
S1 species test equipment connection: described species test equipment comprises camera, weight sensor, stepper motor, thresher, data collecting card, for forming accurate corn ear test system, batch corn ear test system, corn kernel species test system or threshing system;
Wherein, described batch corn ear test system comprises camera, weight sensor, data collecting card;
Described accurate corn ear test system comprises weight sensor, stepper motor, camera, data collecting card;
Described threshing system comprises thresher;
Described corn kernel species test system comprises camera, weight sensor, data collecting card;
S2 species test engineering initializes: set up sample information, by the list of corn seed investigating index, and specification error interval range;
S3 fruit ear tupe is arranged: if sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S31; If sample is uneven, then enter step S32:
S31 corn ear batch process: 1-5 fruit ear sample is placed on the pallet with weight sensor, corn ear weight is obtained by weight sensor, camera is utilized to take corn ear picture, carry out data processing, described data processing comprises the process of view data, when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to;
The process of described view data, use image processing algorithm to carry out background normalization, binary conversion treatment extraction seed contour feature to image, obtain corn ear index, in computational process, provide visual computational process information, effectively can avoid species test index calculate mistake; The seed can seen on corn ear by visual information is little by little searched, and judges the correctness of parameter according to visual image information;
S32 corn ear accurately processes: obtain a corn ear weight by weight sensor, with the picture of camera shooting corn ear;
The threshing of S4 corn ear;
S5 cob tupe is arranged: if sample is neat and well spaced, enter step S51; If sample is uneven, then enter step S52:
S51 corncob batch process: 1-5 cob sample is placed on the pallet with weight sensor, obtains cob weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take corncob picture, carries out data processing; Described data processing comprises the process of view data, and when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to;
S52 corncob accurately processes: obtain a cob weight by weight sensor, with the picture in four orientation of camera shooting corncob;
The index that in described step S3 and S5, whether judgement sample is neat and well spaced comprises: whether is hybridization system, whether empty grain is long-pending is greater than 10%; Whether black and white grain quantity is greater than 10%;
S6 seed batch process: obtain 100-150 corn kernel weight by weight sensor, utilizes camera to take the image information of corn kernel; Described step S6 also comprises the process of view data, and when processes and displays view data mistake, then this sample transfers accurate process to, and the accurate process of described corn kernel comprises the measurement of weight measurement and size;
The process of described view data can see that seed is searched by grain by visual information, shows computer recognizing arrived this seed by each seed image of seed gathered being carried out binaryzation; Give expression to the length of seed, width measure information.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described batch corn ear test system also includes 1-5 pallet, is all connected with weight sensor under each pallet; Described corn kernel species test system also includes pallet, is connected with weight sensor under pallet.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described camera is industrial camera; Described stepper motor rotates for driving the device placing camera.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the fruit ear of corn to be measured or cob are vertically fixed, take the picture in four orientation with camera.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104678804B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2018-07-27 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corn dispersion species test collecting method |
| CN105009731B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 华中农业大学 | Corn seed investigating method and its system |
| CN105430350B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-12-04 | 中储粮成都储藏研究院有限公司 | A kind of grain seed image capturing system |
| CN105830580B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-07-06 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of fruit ear image information acquisition device and method |
| CN106962179B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-01-18 | 青岛农业大学 | A method of unfilled gtains distribution on evaluation hybrid millet fringe |
| CN112557394A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-26 | 武汉谷丰光电科技有限公司 | Full-automatic corn ear high-flux seed tester |
| CN114088708A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-25 | 褚崇胜 | Rapid rice seed test instrument and method |
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