CN103209447A - Subscriber access terminal selecting device and method supporting multi-hopping wireless local area network (WLAN) in internet of vehicles - Google Patents

Subscriber access terminal selecting device and method supporting multi-hopping wireless local area network (WLAN) in internet of vehicles Download PDF

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CN103209447A
CN103209447A CN2013100679215A CN201310067921A CN103209447A CN 103209447 A CN103209447 A CN 103209447A CN 2013100679215 A CN2013100679215 A CN 2013100679215A CN 201310067921 A CN201310067921 A CN 201310067921A CN 103209447 A CN103209447 A CN 103209447A
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CN103209447B (en
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柴蓉
冉丽丽
陈前斌
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention relates to the internet of vehicle access selection technology in the field of intelligent transportation, and discloses a subscriber access terminal selecting device and method supporting multi-hopping wireless local area network (WLAN) in the internet of vehicles. The method includes: collecting the surrounding available access point (AP) and relay station (RS) state information, enabling an information analyzing and processing module to analyze and process service requirements and various types of information, and performing comprehensive evaluation on the service characteristics of new subscribers and state information of the waiting AP and RS so as to achieve switching control. The subscriber access terminal selecting device supports selection on mobile subscriber access modes and optimum AP/RS under the hybrid communication scene of the network of vehicles, achieves load balancing among the APs by means of access selection and switching control and improves the comprehensive performance and subscriber satisfaction degree on quality of service (OoS).

Description

User access terminal selection device and method supporting multi-hop WLAN in Internet of vehicles
Technical Field
The invention relates to an access selection technology in the communication field, in particular to a mobile user access selection terminal technology in the Internet of vehicles.
Background
At present, research and application in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have attracted extensive attention, and an automobile is taken as a node, a network is taken as a basis, and an internet of vehicles which is developed by coordinating people, vehicles, roads and networks is taken as an important component of the ITS, so that effective technical support and realization basis are provided for application of numerous users. In the application of the car networking, a Global Positioning System (GPS), a sensing technology and various network access technologies such as a cellular network, a WLAN (wireless local area network) and an Ad hoc technology are organically combined, so that an effective network access is provided for moving vehicles, the communication between the vehicles and an external network is realized, and further, a solution is provided for the charging management, the safe driving, the data communication and the like of the vehicles. However, the typical application characteristics of the car networking, such as frequent network topology changes caused by high-speed movement of nodes, sparse network and dense network problems caused by spatial-temporal distribution differences of the nodes, integration of multiple access technologies, different QoS requirements of various applications of users, and the like, pose great challenges to network control technologies, particularly access management and wireless resource allocation of users. Three typical Communication modes exist in the internet of vehicles, namely Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication), Vehicle-to-infrastructure Communication V2I (Vehicle-to-infrastructure Communication), and Hybrid-Vehicle Communication HVC (Hybrid-Vehicle Communication).
Fig. 1 shows the main communication modes in the car networking. Under the hybrid communication mode of Internet of vehicles, mobile user MN (Mobile node) will select the optimized access mode to realize the network access according to the self service requirement and the surrounding network state. At present, a wireless Local Access network (wlan) technology is an important Access mode in the VANET because it is relatively easy to deploy and can provide high-quality service transmission. In recent years, research on WLANs mainly focuses on an AP-based centralized communication mode, and few discusses a WLAN communication method that combines multiple AP overlapping coverage and a multi-hop mode. Document [ s.j.zhao, k.h.teo, z.f.tao, Macro Diversity handover Switching in wireless Multi-User Multi-Hop Networks, proc.icc2006] publication No.: [ US2008/0165736a1] proposes a WLAN communication scenario of merging multi-hop relay, but the detailed description is mainly made for the handover flow between APs and RSs, and the optimized selection of APs and RSs in the application scenario of multiple APs and multiple RSs is not involved. A distributed relay node selection method supporting vehicle networking multi-hop relay communication is proposed in documents [ y.b.b, l.cai, x.m.shen and h.zhao, a cross layerbroadcast protocol for multi-hop interference in inter-vehicle communication, proc.icc2010] to support broadcast data distribution, but the method adopts a relay competition mechanism to realize target relay selection, which will result in longer access delay and larger signaling overhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an access selection device and an implementation method for supporting mobile user self-adaptive selection of an access mode and optimal AP/RS (access point/reference station) based on service characteristics of a mobile terminal, state information of a roadside access point AP and a relay node RS (relay station) in a hybrid communication scene of Internet of vehicles, and aims to support the mobile user terminal to collect and analyze the state information of the roadside AP and the RS in real time, realize the selection of the access mode and the optimal AP/RS according to the service characteristics of a user and the state information of the AP and the RS, effectively improve the comprehensive performance of a network and improve the QoS (quality of service) satisfaction degree of the user.
The invention provides a device for supporting a multi-hop WLAN mobile user to access a selection terminal in the Internet of vehicles and an implementation method thereof, which are applied to the hybrid communication scene of the Internet of vehicles and the multi-hop WLAN, and the device comprises:
a monitoring module: monitoring Beacon messages periodically broadcast by an access point AP associated with the MN, monitoring RelayAdv messages periodically broadcast by a relay node RS associated with the user, and transmitting the messages to an information collection module;
an information collection module: collecting AP information according to the Beacon message, and collecting RS information according to the RelayAdv message;
a service perception module: sensing the QoS requirement of user service;
the information analysis processing module: determining a candidate AP/RS set according to the data of the information collection module and the service perception module, and transmitting the candidate AP/RS set to the switching control module and the access selection module;
an access selection module: according to the information of the information analysis processing module, evaluating the service characteristics of the user and the state information of the candidate AP and the RS, and selecting an access mode and an optimal AP/RS;
a switching control module: according to the AP information output by the information analysis processing module, evaluating the performance of each current candidate AP of the access network user, and if the switching condition is met, executing switching;
an access module: executing AP access according to the optimal target AP determined by the access selection module, and executing RS access based on RRTS/CRTS according to the determined optimal target RS;
a switching execution module: and executing the switching among the APs according to the switching target AP determined by the switching control module. The information analysis processing module determining the candidate AP/RS set comprises the following steps: judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user according to the state information of the AP adjacent to the user, and if so, judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user
Figure BDA00002881512300021
If so, the AP is a candidate AP; determining available bandwidth of two-hop link according to state information of user adjacent RS and AP associated with RS
Figure BDA00002881512300022
Connection delay
Figure BDA00002881512300023
Packet error rate PERlink=max(PERRS,PERAP) Judging whether the link meets the service characteristics of the user, if Blink≥Breq，Dlink≤Dreq，PERlink≤PERreqThen the RS is a candidate RS.
The access module access selection specifically comprises: e.g., the number of APs in the candidate AP set, if MAP>1, selecting an access AP according to the RSS and the load condition of each AP; if M isAPIf the load of the AP is lower than a threshold value, accessing the AP; if M isAPIf not, judging whether RS meeting service requirements exists in the candidate RS set or not, and keeping the number of the RS in the candidate RS set as NRSIf N is presentRS>1, selecting an optimal access RS based on an RS optimal selection method; if N is presentRSIf the load of the RS and the load of the current associated AP of the RS are lower than a load threshold value, the RS is accessed; if N is presentRSIf =0, the communication request fails.
For MAP>1, according to QAP m=α1RSSm+α2(1-Lm) Evaluating the performance of each candidate AP and selecting the maximum QAP mCorresponding AP as target access AP, wherein LmFor the load value of the mth AP, RSSmReceiving the RSS, alpha, from the m AP for the user1、α2To identify the weight of RSS and load conditions in the AP performance evaluation.
The method for selecting the optimal access RS based on the RS optimization selection specifically comprises the following steps: if N is presentRS>1, selecting an access RS according to the position, the movement speed and the load condition of the associated AP of each RS, and calling Q RS n = β 1 Δd R r + β 2 Δv 2 v max + β 3 PER n lijk PER max + β 4 L n link , Evaluating the performance of each candidate RS, and selecting the minimum QRS nThe corresponding RS is used as a target access RS, wherein, the link PER between the user and the nth RS is
Figure BDA00002881512300032
The link PER between the nth RS and its associated AP isThen, the link PER for the user to connect to the AP via the nth RS is:
Figure BDA00002881512300034
the link load values of the nth RS and the associated AP are respectively
Figure BDA00002881512300035
And
Figure BDA00002881512300036
the link load value of the user connected with the AP through the nth RS is
Figure BDA00002881512300037
D and v are the distance and relative speed between the initiating access user and the RS, RrFor transmission range, PmaxAt the maximum tolerable packet error rate, vmaxAt maximum speed of the vehicle, beta1，β2，β3，β4The weight for identifying the distance, speed, packet error rate and load condition between the RS and the user.
Determining the handover target AP according to the handover control module specifically includes: and periodically evaluating the RSS and load conditions in the candidate AP set by the user who has accessed the AP, and if the RSS and load performance of the adjacent AP are better, starting a load balancing mechanism based on switching to execute the switching to the target AP.
The invention also provides a mobile user MN access terminal selection method supporting the multi-hop WLAN in the Internet of vehicles, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the monitoring module monitors Beacon messages periodically broadcast by an access point AP associated with the MN, monitors RelayAdv messages periodically broadcast by a relay node RS associated with the user, and transmits the messages to the information collection module; the information collection module collects AP information according to the Beacon message and collects RS information according to the RelayAdv message; the service perception module perceives the QoS requirement of the user service; the information analysis processing module determines a candidate AP/RS set according to the data of the information collection module and the service perception module and transmits the candidate AP/RS set to the switching control module and the access selection module; the access selection module evaluates the service characteristics of the user and the state information of the candidate AP and the RS according to the information of the information analysis processing module, and selects an access mode and an optimal AP/RS; the switching control module outputs AP information according to the information analysis processing module, evaluates the performance of each current candidate AP of the access network user, and executes switching if the switching conditions are met; the access module executes AP access according to the optimal target AP determined by the access selection module, and executes RS access based on RRTS/CRTS according to the determined optimal target RS; and the switching execution module executes the switching among the APs according to the switching target AP determined by the switching control module.
The invention supports the user access mode and the selection of the optimal AP/RS under the hybrid communication scene of the Internet of vehicles, realizes the load balance among the APs through the access selection and the switching control, can realize the optimized AP/RS selection based on the user and the WLAN data interaction based on the multi-hop RS, can effectively reduce the connection delay, realize the high-efficiency access of the user, reduce the access delay and the signaling overhead, and improve the comprehensive performance of the network and the satisfaction degree of the QoS of the user.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the primary communication modes of the Internet of vehicles;
notation in the figure: AR: access router, AP: access point, BS: base station, V2V: fleet vehicles, V2I: vehicle-to-infrastructure, MR: a mobile router.
FIG. 2 illustrates the Beacon message format of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows the RelayAdv message format of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a mobile subscriber access selection terminal device and platform architecture for supporting multi-hop WLAN in an implementation of the present invention in an Internet of vehicles;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an access selection method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a handover control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objectives and other problems which are addressed by the present invention, as well as the features thereof, will be more readily understood upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Fig. 1 exemplarily depicts three main communication modes in the car networking: V2V communication, V2I communication, and HV communication. V2V communication refers to direct or multi-hop communication between vehicles that does not rely on roadside infrastructure (e.g., BSs of cellular networks and APs of WLANs, etc.), such as communication between vehicle B and vehicle C, and vehicle D and vehicle E in fig. 1. V2I communication refers to communication between a vehicle and roadside infrastructure, such as communication of vehicle a with AP1 in fig. 1. HV communication is an extension of the V2I communication scheme. When a vehicle is not within the coverage of the infrastructure or the terminal device does not support a direct connection to the infrastructure, the vehicle may communicate with the external infrastructure through the relayed relaying of other vehicles, such as vehicle B in fig. 1 communicating with AP2 via the relaying of intermediate vehicle C. In fig. 1, AR denotes an access router, MR denotes a mobile router, AP denotes a roadside access point, BS denotes a base station, V2V denotes vehicle-to-vehicle communication, V2I denotes vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, and HV denotes hybrid communication.
FIG. 2 is a Beacon message format in the present invention, the message includes the unique identifier AP _ ID of the AP, the sequence number seq of the Beacon message, the duration TTL of the Beacon message, the Channel currently used by the AP, and the total bandwidth of the AP
Figure BDA00002881512300051
AP Current available Bandwidth
Figure BDA00002881512300052
Connection delay
Figure BDA00002881512300053
。
FIG. 3 is a format of the RelayAdv message of the present invention, which includes the identifier R _ ID of the RS, the moving direction R _ dir of the RS, the moving speed R _ v of the RS, the position (R _ x, R _ y) of the RS, and the total bandwidth of the RS
Figure BDA00002881512300054
Available bandwidth of RS
Figure BDA00002881512300055
RS-associated AP received Signal Strength RSSRS_APTotal bandwidth of RS associated AP
Figure BDA00002881512300056
Available bandwidth。
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the device and platform architecture according to the present invention, wherein the device comprises a network information collection module, a relay information collection module, a service sensing module and an information analysis processing module of an information sensing plane; the switching control module and the access selection module are accessed to the optimization plane; the system comprises a network information monitoring module, a relay information monitoring module, an AP access module, a relay access module and a switching execution module of an interactive plane. The method comprises the following specific functional module entities:
1. a network monitoring module: and monitoring Beacon messages periodically broadcast by the AP associated with the MN and transmitting the Beacon messages to the network information collection module. Wherein the Beacon message format is as in figure 2.
2. A relay monitoring module: monitoring the RELAYADv message periodically broadcasted by the RS associated with the user, and transmitting the message to the relay information collection module. Wherein the format of the RelayAdv message is as shown in fig. 3.
3. A network information collection module: the module mainly realizes the collection, updating and preliminary processing of the related information of different APs, and can acquire the identification of MN associated APs and the total bandwidth of each AP
Figure BDA00002881512300058
Current available bandwidth
Figure BDA00002881512300059
Connection delay, user received information strength RSSAPAnd the information is analyzed and processed, so that preprocessing information is provided for the information analysis and processing module, and parameter information of a network side is provided for the access mode of the access selection module and the optimal AP selection.
4. A relay information collection module: the module realizes the collection, update and preliminary processing of related information of different RSs, and can acquire the total bandwidth of each RS
Figure BDA000028815123000510
Available bandwidth
Figure BDA000028815123000511
Location, moving speed v, user received information strength RSSAPAvailable bandwidth of relay associated APTotal bandwidth ofAnd the information is obtained, so that preprocessing information is provided for the information analysis processing module, and parameter information of the RS is provided for the access mode of the access selection module and the optimal RS selection.
5. A service perception module: the module mainly realizes the perception of user service characteristics, including packet error rate PERreqBandwidth requirement BreqConnection delay DreqAnd the input information analysis processing module provides parameter information for the selection of candidate AP and RS.
6. The information analysis processing module: the module mainly judges the user state, analyzes and processes various information of the service perception module and the information collection module, determines a candidate AP set and a candidate RS set, and transmits the result to the switching control module and the access selection module of the access optimization plane. The information preliminary processing comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) judging the user state: judging whether a user has accessed a network currently, if so, triggering a switching control module, otherwise, triggering an access selection module;
2) the candidate AP set determination method comprises the following steps: judging whether the AP meets the packet error rate PER required by the user or not according to the service characteristics of the user in the service perception module and the state information of the AP in the AP information collection modulereqBandwidth BreqConnection delay DreqAnd waiting for service requirements, and if the service requirements are met, determining the AP as a candidate AP. Judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user according to the state information of the AP adjacent to the user, and if so, judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user
Figure BDA00002881512300061
Figure BDA00002881512300062
PERAP≤PERreqIf so, the AP is a candidate AP;
3) the determination method of the candidate RS set comprises the following steps: and judging whether the AP associated with the RS meets the service characteristics of the user or not according to the service characteristics of the user in the service perception module and the state information of the RS associated AP in the relay information collection module, and if so, determining the RS as a candidate RS. Determining available bandwidth of two-hop link according to state information of user adjacent RS and AP associated with RSConnection delay
Figure BDA00002881512300064
Packet error rate PERlink=max(PERRS,PERAP) Judging whether the link meets the service characteristics of the user, if Blink≥Breq，Dlink≤Dreq，PERlink≤PERreqThen the RS is a candidate RS. The superscript AP and RS respectively represent the relevant parameters corresponding to the AP and RS, such as:
Figure BDA00002881512300065
Figure BDA00002881512300066
respectively representing the available bandwidths of the RS and the AP,
Figure BDA00002881512300067
Figure BDA00002881512300068
respectively representing the connection delay, PER of RS and APRS,PERAPAs the packet loss rate of the RS and the AP,
7. an access selection module: the module carries out comprehensive evaluation on the service characteristics of the new user and the state information of the candidate AP and the RS according to the information output by the information analysis processing module, and realizes the selection of an access mode and the optimal AP/RS.
8. A switching control module: the module mainly evaluates the comprehensive performance of each current candidate AP of the accessed network user according to the AP information output by the information analysis processing module, and realizes the function of switching control.
An AP access module: and executing the AP access according to the optimal AP information selected by the access selection module.
10. A relay access module: and executing the user to access the AP through the RS according to the optimal RS information selected by the access selection module.
11. A switching execution module: and executing the switching among the APs according to the information of the switching target AP provided by the switching control module.
The invention mainly carries out access selection based on the load condition of each AP, the load of the AP is the ratio of the sum of the occupied bandwidths of each user to the total bandwidth of the AP, and for the ith AP, according to a formula:
Figure BDA00002881512300071
the load is determined, wherein,
Figure BDA00002881512300072
Figure BDA00002881512300073
respectively, the total bandwidth and the current available bandwidth of the ith AP. The specific access selection method is as follows:
fig. 5 is a flowchart of an access selection method of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 501: and the user newly initiating the access network judges whether the user is positioned in the coverage range of a plurality of APs meeting the service requirements of the user according to the number of the APs in the candidate AP set, and selects whether to access the APs and the access mode. Assume that the number of APs in the candidate AP set is MAPIf M is presentAP=0, the user has no coverage of the AP; if M isAP=1, coverage of a user at one AP; mAP>1, the coverage of a user in a plurality of APs.
Step 502: mAP>1, selecting the access AP according to the RSS and the load condition of each AP. The method for calculating the network load condition comprises the following steps: defining the load of the AP as the ratio of the sum of occupied bandwidths of all users to the total bandwidth of the AP, and defining the load of the ith AP as follows:
Figure BDA00002881512300074
wherein,
Figure BDA00002881512300075
Figure BDA00002881512300076
respectively, the total bandwidth and the current available bandwidth of the ith AP. Let RSSmReceiving RSS, L from m AP for usermM is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to MAPAccording to QAP m=α1RSSm+α2(1-Lm) Evaluating the performance of each candidate AP and selecting the maximum QAP mCorresponding AP as target access AP, wherein RSSthIn order to be the RSS threshold,
Figure BDA00002881512300077
is a load threshold, alpha1，α2For a given constant, the weight of the RSS and load conditions in the AP performance assessment is identified.
Step 503: if M isAPAnd if the load of the AP is lower than a threshold value, accessing the AP.
503A 1: judging whether the AP load meets the requirement
Figure BDA00002881512300078
And if so, accessing the AP.
503A 2: if not, go to step 504.
If M isAPIf not, detecting whether the RS meeting the requirement exists around the AP or not, if so, triggering an RS access mode, and accessing the AP by the user through the RS in a multi-hop mode, otherwise,this communication request fails.
Step 504: if M isAPIf the load condition is not satisfied by the RS or the AP or 0 or the AP, the user detects whether there is an RS associated with the AP around the RS, and it is assumed that the number of RSs in the candidate RS set is NRSImmediately judge NRSIf the number is 0, the communication request fails; if not, go to step 505.
Step 505: judgment of NRSWhether or not it is 1.
505A 1: if so, i.e. NRS=1, only one candidate RS exists around the user, and it needs to further determine whether the RS and the associated AP meet the load requirement, if yesAnd is
Figure BDA00002881512300082
Then choose to access the AP through the RS, where LRSAnd
Figure BDA00002881512300083
respectively the load of the current RS and a load threshold value, LAPThe AP load is currently associated for that RS.
505A 2: if not, N isRS>1, a plurality of candidate RSs exist around the user, and the AP associated with the RSs satisfies
Figure BDA00002881512300084
And selecting to access a certain RS according to the position, the movement speed and the load condition of the associated AP of each RS. Recall that the position of the initiating subscriber is (x, y), moving at speed v, the position of the nth RS is (R)n_x,RnY) at a speed RnA _ v motion. The link PER between the user and the nth RS is
Figure BDA00002881512300085
The link PER between the nth RS and its associated AP is
Figure BDA00002881512300086
Then, the link PER for the user to connect to the AP via the nth RS is:
Figure BDA00002881512300087
let the link load values of the nth RS and its associated AP beAnd
Figure BDA00002881512300089
the link load value of the user connected with the AP through the nth RS is
Figure BDA000028815123000810
Invoking Q RS n = β 1 Δd R r + β 2 Δv 2 v max + β 3 PER n link PER max + β 4 L n link , Evaluating the performance of each candidate RS, and selecting the minimum QRS nAnd the corresponding RS is used as a target access RS. Wherein
Figure BDA000028815123000812
，△v=|RnV-v is the distance and relative velocity between the initiating access user and the RS, RrFor transmission range, PmaxAt the maximum tolerable packet error rate, vmaxAt maximum speed of the vehicle, beta1，β2，β3，β4For a given constant, the distance between the RS and the user, the speed, the packet error rate, and the weight of the load condition in the performance evaluation are identified.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a handover control method of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
and the switching control module is used for evaluating the comprehensive performance of each current candidate AP of the accessed network user according to the AP information output by the information analysis processing module, so as to realize the switching control function. The specific switching control method comprises the following steps: and the user having access to the AP periodically evaluates the RSS and load conditions in the candidate AP set according to the AP information, and if the RSS and load performance of the adjacent AP are better, a load balancing mechanism based on switching is started to execute switching to the target AP.
Step 601: and periodically evaluating the RSS and load conditions in the candidate AP set by the user who has access to the AP according to the AP information.
Step 602: and judging whether the RSS and load performance of the adjacent AP are better or not, and if so, starting a switching-based load balancing mechanism. Suppose the ith, jth AP is the current AP and the adjacent AP of the user respectively, calculate
Figure BDA000028815123000813
And
Figure BDA000028815123000814
defining the user switching criterion as follows:
Figure BDA000028815123000815
wherein, delta1For quantitatively describing the difference between the performance of the candidate AP and the current AP, delta2Delta, δ, between RSS performance and threshold for identifying target APs2The reasonable selection can effectively avoid the ping-pong effect of switching and judge whether the AP currently associated with the user meets the switching criterionThen the process is completed.
602A 1: if yes, switching between the APs is triggered, association with the target AP is established, and data transmission between the AP and the current AP is disconnected.
602A 2: if not, continuing to access the current network.
And if the user evaluates and determines that the comprehensive performance of the candidate AP is better than that of the current AP, triggering the switching between the APs, establishing the association with the target AP, and disconnecting the data transmission between the AP and the current AP. And for the current and target APs belonging to different communication subnets, the user realizes the switching by adopting a mobile IPv6 protocol. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the MN receives a Router Advertisement (RA) message of a foreign network, and determines that it has moved to a new network. If the MN does not receive the RS message, a Router Solicitation (RS) message is sent to request the network to send an RA message.
(2) The MN configures a new care-of Address (CoA) according to a network prefix of a foreign network through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or a stateless Address configuration mode, and performs duplicate Address detection.
(3) The MN sends a Binding Update (BU) message to a proxy router (HA) in its Home network, informing the other party of its CoA.
(4) The MN sends a BU message to the Correspondent Node (CN), informing the correspondent CoA.
(5) HA receives BU message sent by MN, builds or updates binding cache item of MN, and returns Binding Acknowledgement (BA) message to MN, completing 'home registration' process.
(6) CN receives BU message sent by MN, establishes or updates binding cache item of MN, and returns binding BA message to MN, completes the process of 'opposite terminal registration'.
(7) The CN realizes data transmission with the MN through the AR. For data sent by the MN, it can be sent directly to the CN through the current access router.

Claims (12)

1. A mobile subscriber MN access terminal selection apparatus supporting multi-hop WLAN in an in-vehicle network, comprising:
a monitoring module: monitoring Beacon messages periodically broadcast by an access point AP associated with the MN, monitoring RelayAdv messages periodically broadcast by a relay node RS associated with the user, and transmitting the messages to an information collection module;
an information collection module: collecting AP information according to the Beacon message, and collecting RS information according to the RelayAdv message;
a service perception module: sensing the QoS requirement of user service;
the information analysis processing module: determining a candidate AP/RS set according to the data of the information collection module and the service perception module, and transmitting the candidate AP/RS set to the switching control module and the access selection module;
an access selection module: according to the information of the information analysis processing module, evaluating the service characteristics of the user and the state information of the candidate AP and the RS, and selecting an access mode and an optimal AP/RS;
a switching control module: according to the AP information output by the information analysis processing module, evaluating the performance of each current candidate AP of the access network user, and if the switching condition is met, executing switching;
an access module: executing AP access according to the optimal target AP determined by the access selection module, and executing RS access based on RRTS/CRTS according to the determined optimal target RS;
a switching execution module: and executing the switching among the APs according to the switching target AP determined by the switching control module.
2. The selection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information analysis processing module determining the candidate AP/RS set comprises: judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user according to the state information of the AP adjacent to the user, and if so, judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user
Figure FDA00002881512200011
PERAP≤PERreqIf so, the AP is a candidate AP; determining available bandwidth of two-hop link according to state information of user adjacent RS and AP associated with RS
Figure FDA00002881512200013
Connection delayPacket error rate PERlink=max(PERRS,PERAP) Determine that the link isIf not, if B is satisfiedlink≥Breq，Dlink≤Dreq，PERlink≤PERreqThen the RS is a candidate RS.
3. The selection device according to claim 1, wherein the access module access selection is specifically: if the number of APs in the candidate AP set is MAPIf M is presentAP>1, selecting an access AP according to the RSS and the load condition of each AP; if M isAPIf the load of the AP is lower than a threshold value, accessing the AP; if M isAPIf not, judging whether RS meeting service requirements exists in the candidate RS set or not, and keeping the number of the RS in the candidate RS set as NRSIf N is presentRS>1, selecting an optimal access RS based on an RS optimal selection method; if N is presentRSIf the load of the RS and the load of the current associated AP of the RS are lower than a load threshold value, the RS is accessed; if N is presentRSIf =0, the communication request fails.
4. Selection device according to claim 3, characterized in that for MAP>1, according to QAP m=α1RSSm+α2(1-Lm) Evaluating the performance of each candidate AP and selecting the maximum QAP mCorresponding AP as target access AP, wherein LmFor the load value of the mth AP, RSSmReceiving the RSS, alpha, from the m AP for the user1、α2To identify the weight of RSS and load conditions in the AP performance evaluation.
5. The selection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein selecting the optimal access RS based on the RS-optimized selection method specifically comprises: if N is presentRS>1, selecting an access RS according to the position, the movement speed and the load condition of the associated AP of each RS, and calling Q RS n = β 1 Δd R r + β 2 Δv 2 v max + β 3 PER n link PER max + β 4 L n link , Evaluating the performance of each candidate RS, and selecting the minimum QRS nThe corresponding RS is used as a target access RS, wherein, the link PER between the user and the nth RS is
Figure FDA00002881512200022
The link PER between the nth RS and its associated AP is
Figure FDA00002881512200023
Then, the link PER for the user to connect to the AP via the nth RS is:
Figure FDA00002881512200024
the link load values of the nth RS and the associated AP are respectively
Figure FDA00002881512200025
And
Figure FDA00002881512200026
the link load value of the user connected with the AP through the nth RS is
Figure FDA00002881512200027
Δ d, Δ v are the distance and relative speed between the initiating access user and the RS, RrFor transmission range, PmaxAt the maximum tolerable packet error rate, vmaxAt maximum speed of the vehicle, beta1，β2，β3，β4The weight for identifying the distance, speed, packet error rate and load condition between the RS and the user.
6. The selection device according to claim 4, wherein determining the handover target AP according to the handover control module specifically includes: and periodically evaluating the RSS and load conditions in the candidate AP set by the user who has accessed the AP, and if the RSS and load performance of the adjacent AP are better, starting a load balancing mechanism based on switching to execute the switching to the target AP.
7. A mobile user MN access terminal selection method supporting multi-hop WLAN in the Internet of vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps: the monitoring module monitors Beacon messages periodically broadcast by an access point AP associated with the MN, monitors RelayAdv messages periodically broadcast by a relay node RS associated with the user, and transmits the messages to the information collection module; the information collection module collects AP information according to the Beacon message and collects RS information according to the RelayAdv message; the service perception module perceives the QoS requirement of the user service; the information analysis processing module determines a candidate AP/RS set according to the data of the information collection module and the service perception module and transmits the candidate AP/RS set to the switching control module and the access selection module; the access selection module evaluates the service characteristics of the user and the state information of the candidate AP and the RS according to the information of the information analysis processing module, and selects an access mode and an optimal AP/RS; the switching control module outputs AP information according to the information analysis processing module, evaluates the performance of each current candidate AP of the access network user, and executes switching if the switching conditions are met; the access module executes AP access according to the optimal target AP determined by the access selection module, and executes RS access based on RRTS/CRTS according to the determined optimal target RS; and the switching execution module executes the switching among the APs according to the switching target AP determined by the switching control module.
8. The selection method according to claim 7, wherein the information analysis processing module determining the candidate AP/RS set comprises: judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the user according to the state information of the AP adjacent to the user, and if so, judging whether the AP meets the service requirement of the userPERAP≤PERreqIf so, the AP is a candidate AP; determining available bandwidth of two-hop link according to state information of user adjacent RS and AP associated with RS
Figure FDA00002881512200032
Connection delay
Figure FDA00002881512200033
Packet error rate PERlink=max(PERRS,PERAP) Judging whether the link meets the service characteristics of the user, if Blink≥Breq，Dlink≤Dreq，PERlink≤PERreqThen the RS is a candidate RS.
9. The selection method according to claim 7, wherein the access module access selection is specifically: if the number of APs in the candidate AP set is MAPIf M is presentAP>1, selecting an access AP according to the RSS and the load condition of each AP; if M isAPIf the load of the AP is lower than a threshold value, accessing the AP; if M isAPIf not, judging whether RS meeting service requirements exists in the candidate RS set or not, and keeping the number of the RS in the candidate RS set as NRSIf N is presentRS>1, selecting an optimal access RS based on an RS optimal selection method; if N is presentRSIf the load of the RS and the load of the current associated AP of the RS are lower than a load threshold value, the RS is accessed; if N is presentRSIf =0, the communication request fails.
10. According to claim 9The selection method described above, wherein M isAP>1, according to QAP m=α1RSSm+α2(1-Lm) Evaluating the performance of each candidate AP and selecting the maximum QAP mCorresponding AP as target access AP, wherein LmFor the load value of the mth AP, RSSmReceiving the RSS, alpha, from the m AP for the user1、α2To identify the weight of RSS and load conditions in the AP performance evaluation.
11. The selection method according to claim 9, wherein selecting the optimal access RS based on the RS-optimized selection method specifically comprises: if N is presentRS>1, selecting an access RS according to the position, the movement speed and the load condition of the associated AP of each RS, and calling Q RS n = β 1 Δd R r + β 2 Δv 2 v max + β 3 PER n link PER max + β 4 L n link , Evaluating the performance of each candidate RS, and selecting the minimum QRS nThe corresponding RS is used as a target access RS, wherein, the link PER between the user and the nth RS is
Figure FDA000028815122000310
The link PER between the nth RS and its associated AP is
Figure FDA00002881512200035
The link PER of the user connected to the AP via the nth RS is:
Figure FDA00002881512200036
the link load values of the nth RS and the associated AP are respectivelyAndthe link load value of the user connected with the AP through the nth RS is
Figure FDA00002881512200039
Δ d, Δ v are the distance and relative speed between the initiating access user and the RS, RrFor transmission range, PmaxAt the maximum tolerable packet error rate, vmaxAt maximum speed of the vehicle, beta1，β2，β3，β4The weight for identifying the distance, speed, packet error rate and load condition between the RS and the user.
12. The selection method according to claim 9, wherein determining the handover target AP according to the handover control module specifically includes: and periodically evaluating the RSS and load conditions in the candidate AP set by the user who has accessed the AP, and if the RSS and load performance of the adjacent AP are better, starting a load balancing mechanism based on switching to execute the switching to the target AP.
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