CN103194226A - Phase-transfer aqueous phase lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Phase-transfer aqueous phase lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103194226A
CN103194226A CN2013101342730A CN201310134273A CN103194226A CN 103194226 A CN103194226 A CN 103194226A CN 2013101342730 A CN2013101342730 A CN 2013101342730A CN 201310134273 A CN201310134273 A CN 201310134273A CN 103194226 A CN103194226 A CN 103194226A
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quantum dot
lead sulfide
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封伟
秦承群
沈永涛
冯奕钰
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a phase-transfer aqueous phase lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube composite material and a preparation method of the phase-transfer aqueous phase lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: transferring lead sulfide quantum dots wrapped with oleic acid into a water phase through a transfer agent, so as to obtain lead sulfide quantum dot aqueous solution being consistent in dimension distribution; mixing and stirring NaCl solution of an acidified carbon nano tube and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride); dissolving a product into ultra-pure water by centrifugally separating to obtain functionalized carbon nano tube solution; mixing the lead sulfide quantum dot aqueous solution and the functionalized carbon nano tube solution; and centrifugally purifying, thus obtaining the nano composite material. The aqueous phase nano composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being pure in a product, high in percent grafting, consistent in quantum dot dimension, high in yield and excellent in water solubility; and the preparation method is simple in operation, low in equipment requirement and suitable for mass production.

Description

A kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nano composite material preparation field, more particularly, relate to a kind of water-soluble lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dot-carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Carbon nanotube (CNT) is since being found, the structure that it is special and unique optics, electricity, machinery and chemical property cause people's very big concern, so the research to carbon nanotube has started one upsurge (Iijima S in recent years, Helicalmicrotubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 1991,354:56-58.Heinze S, Tersoff J, Avouris P, Electrostatic engineering of nanotube transistors for improved performance, Applied Physics Letters, 2003,83:5038-5040.).For character and its potential range of application of expansion of further optimizing carbon nanotube, people carry out various finishinges to carbon nanotube, obtained the carbon nano tube compound material of various superior performances, at optics, electricity, wide application prospect (Jiang KY has been showed in fields such as catalysis, Eitan A, Schadler LS, et al., Selective attachment of gold nanoparticles to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, Nano Letters, 2003,3 (3): 275-277.Wang ZM, Liu QC, Zhu H, Liu HF, et al., Dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with water-soluble block copolymers and their use as supports for metal nanoparticles, Carbon, 2007,45:285-292.).
Quantum dot (QDs) be particle diameter less than or near the semiconductor nanoparticle of exciton Bohr radius.There is special physical properties in QDs, as quantum size effect, surface effects, many exciton effects etc., cause concern (Ball P widely in fields such as physics, Materials science, chemistry and electronic engineerings, Garwin L, Science at the atomic scale, Nature, 1992,355:61-766.Chan WC, Nie S, Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection, Science, 1998,281 (5385): 2016-2018.).PbS QDs is a kind of near infrared material of important direct band gap, and the band gap width of body piece PbS is 0.41eV.The PbS crystal belongs to NaCl type structure, and sulfur-bearing is a kind of P-type semiconductor more for a long time in the PbS crystal, when leaded be a kind of n N-type semiconductorN more for a long time.PbS has relatively large exciton Bohr radius (18nm), this causes it to have stronger electron-hole pair confinement effect and bigger optical nonlinearity coefficient, become a kind of typical material of studying quantum size effect, its quantum constraint effect degree is several times (Bruchez M, Moronne M, the Gin P of other semiconductor material, Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels, Seience, 1998,281:2013-2016.).At present, oneself is widely used as photodiode PbS, biological fluorescent labeling, laserable material, solar cell, (Lu XF such as infrared eye and thermoelectric-cooled material, Zhao YY, Wang C, Fabrication of PbS nanoparticles in polymer-fiber matrices by electrospinning, Advanced Materials, 2005,17 (20): 2485-2488.Hines MA, Seholes GD, Colloidal PbS nanocrystals with size-tunable near-infrared emission:observation of Post-synthesis self-narrowing of the particle size distribution, Advanced Materials, 2003,15:1844-1849.).PbS has big third-order nonlinear optical characteristic, at PHOTONIC DEVICE such as photon switch field potential application prospect is arranged also.Carbon nanotube and quantum dot all have unique physics, chemical property, and they are important materials of exploitation nano-device.With ad hoc fashion PbS QDs is assembled on the carbon nanotube, can obtains to have the nano composite material of excellent photoelectric properties.Recently, people such as Fernandes have reported PbS QDs and have filled multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNT), and with it near infrared detection (Fernandes GE for multiband, Liu Z, Kim JH, et al., Quantum dot/carbon nanotube/silicon double heterojunctions for multi-band room temperature infrared detection, Nanotechnology, 2010,21:465204 – 465210.).People such as Wang are that the PbS QDs of part is grafted on the acidifying CNT that oleylamide handles by ultrasonic with oleylamide, obtained oil phase PbS/CNT nano composite structure, and it is used for solar cell, transformation efficiency is 3.03% (Wang DF, Zhao HG, Ma DL, Controlled fabrication of PbS quantum-dot/carbon-nanotube nanoarchitecture and its significant contribution to near-infrared photon-to-current conversion, Advanced Functional Materials, 2011,21:4010-4018.).People such as Jana are at the unformed CNT PbS QDs that grown, and studied its field emission performance, illustrated that PbS coats field emission performance (the Jana S that unformed CNT shows enhancing, Banerjee D, Jha A, Fabrication of PbS nanoparticle coated amorphous carbon nanotubes:structural, thermal and field emission properties, Materials Research Bulletin, 2011,46:1659-1664.).Yet the scarcely stable and distribution of sizes heterogeneity of PbS QDs that aqueous phase is synthetic, and the percentage of grafting of oil phase PbS QDs on acidifying CNT of stable and size homogeneous is lower, thereby, we are by the method for phase transition, the PbS QDs of oil phase is transferred to aqueous phase, obtain the water PbS QDs of size homogeneous, and utilized electrostatic interaction that it is compound with CNT, obtained the higher water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material of percentage of grafting.This method is simple to operate, can finish in the short period of time, and condition is not had particular requirement, can realize a large amount of preparations.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot of a kind of phase transition (PbS QDs)-carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix material and preparation method thereof is provided, the water PbS QDs that phase transition obtains has advantages such as good water solubility, grain size narrowly distributing, technology be simple to operation, it is compound to acidifying CNT surface by electrostatic interaction, can finish under the normal temperature, the percentage of grafting height is fit to scale operation.
The technology of the present invention purpose is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material and preparation method thereof, water-soluble PbS QDs utilizes gsh (GSH) and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as transfer agent (both are designated as GTMA), the PbS QDs of oleic acid parcel transferred to aqueous phase obtains, with above-mentioned gained water QDs and poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) the acidifying CNT of functionalization mix, can obtain the PbS QDs-CNT matrix material that percentage of grafting is higher and be evenly distributed.
Specifically, carry out according to following step:
(1) (its preparation method sees for details the PbS QDs toluene solution that 1-5mL oleic acid is wrapped up: Hines MA, Scholes GD, Colloidal PbS nanocrystals with size-tunable near-infrared emission:observation of post-synthesis self-nerrowing of the partical size distribution, Advanced Materials, 2003,15 (21): 1844-1849) be dissolved in the trichloromethane of 10-20mL; Getting GSH that mol ratio is 1:3 and TMAH is dissolved in and obtains transfer agent GTMA solution in the methyl alcohol.Under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 200-800r/min, for dripping the GTMA solution of 1-4mL in above-mentioned chloroform soln, and adds the ultrapure water of 20-40mL, described dropping process 10-30min consuming time; After reaction for some time (reaction times is 2h at least, preferred 4-12 hours), standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, thereby obtains the PbS QDs aqueous solution of size homogeneous, is designated as A;
(2) 5-20mg acidifying CNT is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution (1mol/L) of 200-500mL, (buy the company in Sigma, massfraction is 20%, M to get the 1-10mL PDDA aqueous solution W=200000~350000) be added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution described dropping process 10-30min consuming time, 40 ℃ of stirrings spend the night (8h, preferred 8-12 hours) at least.Use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition that reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and also be dispersed in again in the ultrapure water, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, has obtained the aqueous solution of the acidifying CNT of PDDA functionalization, is designated as B;
(3) 4-15mL A solution and 50-100mL B solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask, after ultrasonic 5-10 minutes, stirring reaction 30-90min under normal temperature (20-25 ℃) has obtained crude product.Use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material.
Utilize transmission electron microscope analysis (Tecnai G 2F20, Philips), shown in accompanying drawing 1-4, PbS QDs distributes very even, and particle diameter is approximately 6.5nm, and the distribution of sizes of water-soluble PbS QDs is also than homogeneous, and particle diameter is approximately 6.2nm; There are some rough parts on the surface of acidifying CNT, and this is that CNT is contained oxy radicals such as carboxyl and causes by the acidifying rear surface, and a large amount of quantum dots is wrapped in the CNT surface uniformly, and what show water PbS QDs success has been grafted to acidifying CNT surface.
Utilize FT-IR(Tensor27, Germany Bruker) acidifying CNT and PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material are carried out infrared analysis, as shown in Figure 5, curve a is acidifying CNT, curve b is nano composite material, in a curve, 3448cm-1 occurred-and the characteristic peak of COOH, occurred the stretching vibration peak of C=O simultaneously at the 1644cm-1 place, this is to make the surface have-oxy radicals such as COOH by the CNT acidifying; In the b curve, the characteristic peak at 3448cm-1 place is on CNT-COOH and the quantum dot-the NH2 characteristic absorbance, occurred being under the jurisdiction of the characteristic absorbance of flexible and bending of the plumbous key of sulphur of PbS QDs simultaneously at 1110cm-1 and 884cm-1 place.Illustrate that PbS QDs is grafted on the CNT.
Preparation method of the present invention is easy to operate, the time is short, productive rate is high, does not need high temperature and complicated plant and instrument.We are used for the light detection with the water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material of this method preparation, the light that has obtained to have the high light responsiveness opens the light, and (the photoswitch preparation is referring to document: Beatriz H for device, Christian K, Horst W, Quantum dot attachment and morphology control by carbon nanotubes, nano letters, 2007,7 (12): 3564-3568), it opens the light than being 4-5.The water PbS QDs of the size homogeneous of phase transition acquisition is compound to the CNT surface of PDDA functionalization by electrostatic interaction, preparation for the QDs-CNT matrix material is significant, and is expected to this nanocomposite applications to closing fields such as switch, solar cell, biosensor.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the TEM figure of PbS QDs synthetic in the organic phase of part for oleic acid.
Fig. 2 is the TEM figure of the water-soluble PbS QDs of phase transition of preparation.
Fig. 3 is the TEM figure of the acidifying CNT of use.
Fig. 4 is the TEM figure of the water-soluble PbS QDs-CNT nano material of preparation.
Fig. 5 is the infrared spectrum of acidifying CNT and PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material, and wherein a is acidifying CNT, and b is PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, wherein GSH buys the company in Sigma, and purity is 99+%; TMAH buys the company in Sigma, purity is 99+%, the preparation of acidifying CNT is referring to document: Guifen J, Ling LL, Zhu JJ, Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of CdSe quantum dots composited with CNTs and PDDA for sensitive immunoassay, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2009,24:3352-3358.The preparation method that the PbS QDs toluene solution of oleic acid parcel adopts sees reference for details: Hines MA, ScholesGD, Colloidal PbS nanocrystals with size-tunable near-infrared emission:observation of post-synthesis self-nerrowing of the partical size distribution, Advanced Materials, 2003,15 (21): 1844-1849.The PDDA aqueous solution is bought the company in Sigma, and massfraction is the percentage ratio that 20%(PDDA accounts for total quality), M W=200000~350000.
Embodiment 1
The PbS QDs toluene solution of 3mL oleic acid parcel is dissolved in the trichloromethane of 15mL.Getting GSH that mol ratio is 1:3 and TMAH is dissolved in and obtains transfer agent GTMA solution in the methyl alcohol.Under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 800r/min, drips the GTMA solution of 2mL in the above-mentioned chloroform soln, drips 30min consuming time, and adds the ultrapure water of 20mL.Behind the reaction 2h, standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, obtains homodisperse PbS QDs in water, is designated as A.Simultaneously, 10mg acidifying CNT is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution (1mol/L) of 300mL, gets the 2.5mL PDDA aqueous solution and be added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution, drip 10min consuming time, 40 ℃ are stirred 12h.Use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition that reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and also be dispersed in again in the ultrapure water, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, has obtained the aqueous solution of the acidifying CNT of PDDA functionalization, is designated as B.10mL A solution and 50mL B solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask of 150mL, and behind the ultrasonic 10min, stirring reaction 40min has obtained crude product at normal temperatures.Use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material.
Embodiment 2
The PbS QDs toluene solution of 1mL oleic acid parcel is dissolved in the trichloromethane of 10mL.Getting GSH that mol ratio is 1:3 and TMAH is dissolved in and obtains transfer agent GTMA solution in the methyl alcohol.Under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 500r/min, drips the GTMA solution of 4mL in the above-mentioned chloroform soln, dropping process 20min consuming time, and add the ultrapure water of 20mL.Behind the reaction 12h, standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, obtains homodisperse PbS QDs in water, is designated as A.Simultaneously, 15mg acidifying CNT is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution (1mol/L) of 400mL, gets the 5mL PDDA aqueous solution and be added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution, drip 20min consuming time, 40 ℃ are stirred 10h.Use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition that reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and also be dispersed in again in the ultrapure water, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, has obtained the aqueous solution of the acidifying CNT of PDDA functionalization, is designated as B.15mL A solution and 100mL B solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask of 250mL, and behind the ultrasonic 5min, stirring reaction 90min has obtained crude product at normal temperatures.Use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material.
Embodiment 3
The PbS QDs toluene solution of 5mL oleic acid parcel is dissolved in the trichloromethane of 20mL.Getting GSH that mol ratio is 1:3 and TMAH is dissolved in and obtains transfer agent GTMA solution in the methyl alcohol.Under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 200r/min, drips the GTMA solution of 4mL in the above-mentioned chloroform soln, dropping process 10min consuming time, and add the ultrapure water of 40mL.Behind the reaction 4h, standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, obtains homodisperse PbS QDs in water, is designated as A.Simultaneously, 20mg acidifying CNT is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution (1mol/L) of 500mL, gets the 5mL PDDA aqueous solution and be added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution, drip 10min consuming time, 60 ℃ are stirred 8h.Use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition that reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and also be dispersed in again in the ultrapure water, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, has obtained the aqueous solution of the acidifying CNT of PDDA functionalization, is designated as B.30mL A solution and 200mL B solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask of 500mL, and behind the ultrasonic 8min, stirring reaction 30min has obtained crude product at normal temperatures.Use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water PbS QDs-CNT nano composite material.
More than the present invention has been done exemplary description; should be noted that; under the situation that does not break away from core of the present invention, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, modification or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all falls into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material, it is characterized in that, utilize gsh and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide as transfer agent, the lead sulfide quantum dot of oleic acid parcel is transferred to aqueous phase obtain water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot, the water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot of gained is mixed with the acidifying carbon nanotube of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride functionalization, can obtain water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material that percentage of grafting is high and be evenly distributed.
2. a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, specifically, carries out according to following step:
(1) the lead sulfide quantum dot toluene solution with 1-5mL oleic acid parcel is dissolved in the trichloromethane of 10-20mL; Get gsh that mol ratio is 1:3 and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide and be dissolved in and obtain transfer agent solution in the methyl alcohol, under stirring fast, in above-mentioned chloroform soln, dripping the transfer agent solution of 1-4mL, and add the ultrapure water of 20-40mL; After reacting at least 2h, standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, thereby obtains the lead sulfide quantum dot aqueous solution of size homogeneous, is designated as A;
(2) 5-20mg acidifying even carbon nanotube is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution of 200-500mL1mol/L, getting the 1-10mL diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride aqueous solution is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution, 40 ℃ are stirred 8h at least, use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition, reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and be dispersed in the ultrapure water again, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, obtain the aqueous solution of the acidifying carbon nanotube of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride functionalization, be designated as B;
(3) 4-15mLA solution and 50-100mLB solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask, after ultrasonic 5-10 minutes, at 20-25 ℃ of following stirring reaction 30-90min of normal temperature, obtained crude product, use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material.
3. a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 200-800r/min, the dropping process 10-30min consuming time of described transfer agent solution; Preferred 4-12 hours of reaction times.
4. a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in described step (2), and the M of described diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride W=200000~350000, described diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride aqueous solution massfraction is 20%, drips the process 10-30min consuming time of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride, and 40 ℃ were stirred preferred 8-12 hours.
5. the preparation method of a phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material, it is characterized in that, carry out according to following step: utilize gsh and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide as transfer agent, the lead sulfide quantum dot of oleic acid parcel is transferred to aqueous phase obtain water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot, the water-soluble lead sulfide quantum dot of gained is mixed with the acidifying carbon nanotube of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride functionalization, can obtain water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material that percentage of grafting is high and be evenly distributed.
6. the preparation method of a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 5 is characterized in that, specifically, carries out according to following step:
(1) the lead sulfide quantum dot toluene solution with 1-5mL oleic acid parcel is dissolved in the trichloromethane of 10-20mL; Get gsh that mol ratio is 1:3 and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide and be dissolved in and obtain transfer agent solution in the methyl alcohol, under stirring fast, in above-mentioned chloroform soln, dripping the transfer agent solution of 1-4mL, and add the ultrapure water of 20-40mL; After reacting at least 2h, standing demix is collected the aqueous phase solution that is in the upper strata, thereby obtains the lead sulfide quantum dot aqueous solution of size homogeneous, is designated as A;
(2) 5-20mg acidifying even carbon nanotube is dispersed in the NaCl aqueous solution of 200-500mL1mol/L, getting the 1-10mL diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride aqueous solution is added drop-wise in the above-mentioned solution, 40 ℃ are stirred 8h at least, use supercentrifuge, under the 10000r/min condition, reacted solution is centrifugal, outwell supernatant liquor, collect lower floor's product and be dispersed in the ultrapure water again, so repetitive scrubbing is 5 times, obtain the aqueous solution of the acidifying carbon nanotube of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride functionalization, be designated as B;
(3) 4-15mLA solution and 50-100mLB solution are joined in the round-bottomed flask, after ultrasonic 5-10 minutes, at 20-25 ℃ of following stirring reaction 30-90min of normal temperature, obtained crude product, use supercentrifuge 16000r/min centrifugal crude product, collect lower sediment, be dispersed in the ultrapure water, centrifuge washing is 3 times so repeatedly, thereby has obtained water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material.
7. the preparation method of a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), under stirring fast, stirring velocity is 200-800r/min, the dropping process 10-30min consuming time of described transfer agent solution; Preferred 4-12 hours of reaction times.
8. the preparation method of a kind of phase transition water lead sulfide quantum dot-carbon nano tube compound material according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in described step (2), and the M of described diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride W=200000~350000, described diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride aqueous solution massfraction is 20%, drips the process 10-30min consuming time of diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride, and 40 ℃ were stirred preferred 8-12 hours.
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