CN103186708A - Failure mode effects and criticality analysis method adopting two RPNs - Google Patents
Failure mode effects and criticality analysis method adopting two RPNs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a failure mode effects and criticality analysis method adopting two RPNs (risk priority numbers). The method particularly comprises the steps as follows: grading according to the prevention level and the detection difficulty respectively to obtain failure mode severity and occurrence quantitative indexes, namely an RPN 1 and an RPN 2, wherein the RPN 1 is O*S*P, the RPN 2 is O*S*D, P is the prevention level, O is the failure mode occurrence rank, S is the severity level, and D is the detection difficulty level; and comparing the RPN 1 with the RPN 2 according to the numerical sizes of the two RPNs to obtain failure mode sorting and selection modes. According to the method, the detection difficulty level of failure modes and the prevention level of design improvement to the failure modes are considered when the RPNs are calculated, so that the failure modes are sorted from the aspects of prevention and detection by the obtained two RPNs, the situation of neglection of design improvement due to good detection measure is avoided, and a more comprehensive basis is provided for product design improvement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reliability Optimum Design field of engineering goods, be specifically related to failure mode effect and HAZAN method.
Background technology
Failure mode effect and HAZAN (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis, FMECA) be a kind of analysis method for reliability, all issuable fault modes of each product and might influence the institute that system causes in the analytic system and sort by the order of severity and the probability of happening thereof of each fault mode.The purpose of FMECA is by systematic analysis, determine components and parts, parts, equipment, software all possible fault mode in design and manufacture process, and the reason of each fault mode and influence, in order to find out potential weak link, and innovative approach is proposed.The core work of FMECA as shown in Figure 1.
In the FMECA implementation process, very important one is sorted to fault mode exactly, and finding out needs preferential improved fault mode.(Risk Priority Number RPN) is the fault mode sort method of using always to the risk priority number.The RPN number of a certain fault mode of product is by fault mode probability of happening grade (Occurrence Probability Ranking, O), influence severity grade (Effect Seventy Ranking, S) and detection difficulty grade (Detection Difficulty Ranking, D) product calculates, that is: RPN=O * S * D.
The RPN number of fault mode is more high, and is then more important.Before three factors that influence RPN are marked, should at first formulate the scoring criterion according to the concrete characteristics of institute's analytic system to these three factors.
Traditional RPN counts the combined influence that the fault mode sort method has been paid close attention to severity, generation degree and three kinds of factors of detection degree.In the unmanned plane design process, for embodying the thought of FMECA " Continual Improvement ", should on the basis of original FMECA file, constantly revise design proposal.Therefore, by design improvement, severity is higher originally for some fault modes, but by design improvement, can reduce its occurrence frequency, perhaps reduces it and surveys difficulty, all will reduce its RPN value.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have proposed failure mode effect and the HAZAN method of two RPN numbers of a kind of employing in order to solve the problems referred to above that existing FMECA method exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: failure mode effect and the HAZAN method of two RPN numbers of a kind of employing are specially:
Give a mark respectively according to prevention degree and degree of detection, obtain the quantizating index of fault mode severity and generation degree, namely obtain two risk priority number RPN1 and RPN2, wherein, RPN1=O * S * P, RPN2=O * S * D, described P is the prevention degree, O is fault mode probability of happening grade, and S is the severity grade, and D is the detection difficulty grade;
Height according to two risk priority numbers compares, and obtains fault mode ordering and selection mode.
Further, the following standard of the concrete employing of described prevention degree:
Design control is sure potential reason/mechanism and the follow-up fault mode found out almost, and be defined as: the prevention degree is for very high, and score value is 1,2;
Design control will have more chance can find out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, be defined as: the prevention degree is for high, and score value is 3,4;
Design control will have medium chance can find out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, and be defined as: the prevention degree is medium, and score value is 5,6;
Design control will not too can be found out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, and be defined as: the prevention degree is low, and score value is 7,8;
Design control can not and/or can not be found out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, or not design control at all, and be defined as: the prevention degree is for very low, and score value is 9,10.
Further, described height according to two risk priority numbers compares, and the detailed process that obtains fault mode ordering and selection mode is as follows: press earlier RPN 1 ordering, press RPN 2 again and sort, according to following treatment principle fault mode is handled at last:
Principle 1.RPN 1 for height and RPN 2 when high: judge it is by which factor to be caused earlier, if caused by severity or generations degree, respectively by principle 5,6 processing; If caused by degree of detection, improve the preventive measure at this fault mode earlier, improve detection method again;
Principle 2.RPN 1 is height and RPN 2 when low: handle by principle 7;
Principle 3.RPN 1 is height and RPN 2 when low: handle by principle 8;
Principle 4.RPN 1 be low and RPN 2 when low: the fault that the risk priority number is low, can disregard;
Principle 5. high severities: improve design, reduce fault effects;
The high degree of probability that take place of principle 6.: improve design, conversion materials or select other suppliers more, reduce fault occurrence frequency;
Principle 7. high prevention degree: the preventive measure at this fault mode are improved;
Principle 8. high detection difficulty: the detection method at this fault mode improves.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: method of the present invention is not only considered the detection complexity of fault mode when the calculation risk priority number, and consider that design improvement is to the prevention degree of fault mode, thereby two risk priority numbers that obtain, from the angle of prevention and detection fault mode is sorted, avoided owing to the good situation of ignoring design improvement of detection measure, for the design improvement of unmanned plane product provides foundation more comprehensively.
Description of drawings
The FMECA core work synoptic diagram that Fig. 1 quotes for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the FMECA analytical framework of two RPN numbers of employing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be embodiment of the invention step 1 at unmanned plane power system functional block diagram.
Fig. 4 is that certain type unmanned plane power system indenture level of embodiment of the invention step 2 is divided.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, accompanying drawing is further described the present invention:
FMECA model in this paper adds prevention degree index in the calculating of RPN number, expression " validity that existing design improvement scheme takes place for this fault of prevention ".Preventive measure and the detection method of fault are distinguished, will be conducive to the designer and pay close attention to scheme in the unmanned plane product design process and improve and optimize.Basic thought of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, the mutual relationship between each analysis item of FMECA is:
(1) being cause-effect relationship between failure cause and the fault mode, is cause-effect relationship between fault mode and the fault effects;
(2) centered by fault mode, determine fault effects and failure cause by analysis;
(3) according to failure cause, can consider that design measure by certain prevents the generation of this fault mode;
(4) according to fault effects, can estimate the complexity that this fault mode can be detected.
Failure mode effect of the present invention and HAZAN method, be specially: give a mark respectively according to prevention degree and degree of detection, obtain the quantizating index of fault mode severity and generation degree, obtain two risk priority number RPN1 and RPN2, wherein, RPN1=O * S * P, RPN2=O * S * D, wherein, P is the prevention degree, O is fault mode probability of happening grade, and S is the severity grade, and D is the detection difficulty grade.
The severity of fault mode, generation degree and degree of detection are determined quantizating index according to GJB1391-2006.The present invention quantizes degree of prevention with reference to the principle in the table 1.
Table 1
Height according to two risk priority numbers compares, and can obtain a kind of new fault mode ordering and selection mode.Fault mode risk ranking method of the present invention is: press earlier RPN 1 ordering, press RPN 2 orderings again, by the treatment principle of table 2 fault mode is handled at last.
Table 2
Be the course of work of example explanation this method with certain type unmanned plane power system, comprise the steps:
Step 1: certain type unmanned plane power system is carried out functional analysis
The critical piece of certain type unmanned plane power system is as shown in table 3.The function of certain type unmanned plane power system comprises: provide reliable and stable thrust as the aircraft power source for aircraft; For aircraft fuel oil supercharging bleed air system provides source of the gas; System provides drive force source for the aircraft primary power.The functional block diagram of certain type unmanned plane power system as shown in Figure 3.
Table 3
Step 2: certain type unmanned plane power system is carried out indenture level divide.Initial indenture level type unmanned plane power system; Indenture level is engine, engine erecting device, propulsion system electric control system, engine condition detection system; Minimum indenture level is parts level (various sensor).Fig. 4 divides figure for indenture level.
Step 3: determine failure criterion.The standard that propulsion system can not provide stable thrust to lose efficacy as judgement system for aircraft.
Step 4: system's severity category division.
Under the situation of not considering existing indemnifying measure, determine the severity grade by following standard;
I class (disaster): cause the fault that aircraft damages;
II class (fatal): cause grievous injury or cause the fault of mission failure;
III class (critical): cause the fault that causes task to incur loss through delay or demote;
IV class (slight): be not enough to cause the fault of above-mentioned three kinds of consequences, but it can cause unscheduled maintenance or repairing.
Step 5: fault mode, reason and impact analysis, as shown in table 4.
Step 6: with reference to GJB1391-2006, determine the numerical value of severity according to fault effects; Determine the numerical value of generation degree according to occurrence frequency; Detect or find the validity of the measure that this fault mode takes place in the existing design, determine the numerical value of degree of detection; Reference is table 1 herein, analyzes the validity of the measure that this fault mode of prevention takes place in the existing design, obtains prevention number of degrees value.Calculate two RPN numbers, utilize the principle of ordering in this paper table 2, the priority processing order of analysis of failure pattern, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiment described here is in order to help reader understanding's principle of the present invention, should to be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other various concrete distortion and combinations that do not break away from essence of the present invention according to these technology enlightenments disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. failure mode effect and a HAZAN method that adopts two RPN numbers is characterized in that, is specially:
Give a mark respectively according to prevention degree and degree of detection, obtain the quantizating index of fault mode severity and generation degree, namely obtain two risk priority number RPN1 and RPN2, wherein, RPN1=O * S * P, RPN2=O * S * D, described P is the prevention degree, O is fault mode probability of happening grade, and S is the severity grade, and D is the detection difficulty grade;
Height according to two risk priority numbers compares, and obtains fault mode ordering and selection mode.
2. failure mode effect according to claim 1 and HAZAN method is characterized in that, the following standard of the concrete employing of described prevention degree:
Design control is sure potential reason/mechanism and the follow-up fault mode found out almost, and be defined as: the prevention degree is for very high, and score value is 1,2;
Design control will have more chance can find out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, be defined as: the prevention degree is for high, and score value is 3,4;
Design control will have medium chance can find out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, and be defined as: the prevention degree is medium, and score value is 5,6;
Design control will not too can be found out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, and be defined as: the prevention degree is low, and score value is 7,8;
Design control can not and/or can not be found out potential reason/mechanism and follow-up fault mode, or not design control at all, and be defined as: the prevention degree is for very low, and score value is 9,10.
3. failure mode effect according to claim 1 and 2 and HAZAN method, it is characterized in that, described height according to two risk priority numbers compares, the detailed process that obtains fault mode ordering and selection mode is as follows: press earlier RPN 1 ordering, press RPN 2 orderings again, according to following treatment principle fault mode handled at last:
Principle 1.RPN 1 for height and RPN 2 when high: judge it is by which factor to be caused earlier, if caused by severity or generations degree, respectively by principle 5,6 processing; If caused by degree of detection, improve the preventive measure at this fault mode earlier, improve detection method again;
Principle 2.RPN 1 is height and RPN 2 when low: handle by principle 7;
Principle 3.RPN 1 is height and RPN 2 when low: handle by principle 8;
Principle 4.RPN 1 be low and RPN 2 when low: the fault that the risk priority number is low, can disregard;
Principle 5. high severities: improve design, reduce fault effects;
The high degree of probability that take place of principle 6.: improve design, conversion materials or select other suppliers more, reduce fault occurrence frequency;
Principle 7. high prevention degree: the preventive measure at this fault mode are improved;
Principle 8. high detection difficulty: the detection method at this fault mode improves.
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Application publication date: 20130703 |