CN103185970B

CN103185970B - The optical routing method and apparatus of translation polarised light, control optical signal, selection wavelength

Info

Publication number: CN103185970B
Application number: CN201110449977.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林先锋
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-12-29
Filing date: 2011-12-29
Publication date: 2016-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-29
Also published as: CN105892083A; CN103185970A; CN105892083B

Abstract

A method for translation polarised light, described method comprises: switch the polarization state of polarised light, the variation that the variation by described polarised light in polarization state is converted on locus obtains the first translation rear polarizer light; Described the first translation rear polarizer light is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light; The variation that variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state is converted on propagation path obtains the second translation rear polarizer light. Also disclose a kind of device of translation polarised light herein, controlled the method and apparatus of optical signal, and selected the optical routing method and apparatus of wavelength. After the application embodiment of the present invention, can improve the optical signal quality of route, reduce the volume of route device simultaneously.

Description

The optical routing method and apparatus of translation polarised light, control optical signal, selection wavelength

Technical field

The present invention relates to optical communication technique field, more specifically, relate to translation polarised light, control optical signal, select wavelengthOptical routing method and apparatus.

Background technology

Networks of Fiber Communications is the pillar of advanced information society, has carried nearly all modern data communication, comprises electricityWords, TV, internet, mobile communication etc. Current optical fiber telecommunications system is mainly based on OWDM (WDM) technology, this skillArt is multiplexed into different wavelength signals in same optical fiber and transmits, thereby has significantly increased the appearance of optical fiber telecommunications systemAmount. But owing to lacking intelligent optical fibre device, the optical wavelength route of traditional wdm system is fixed, net must carried outNetwork design time is determined optical wavelength route, and the construction of network and safeguard also must be by manually completing. Meanwhile, due to Netowrk tapeWide demand is difficult to estimate in advance and plan, in network upgrade or when new data, services is provided, usually needs to re-start netNetwork design and adjustment construction. These shortcomings cause the construction of traditional wdm system and operation maintenance cost can not to be in any more, have hinderedFurther developing of WDM optical-fiber network.

The appearance of ROADM (ROADM) has changed this situation. With the WDM network joint of ROADM structurePoint can switch according to remote control signal the route direction of different wave length optical signal, dynamically configures upper and lower service wavelength,And manage the power of each service wavelength, thereby when avoiding in network upgrade or new data, services being provided, re-start light netThe design of network and adjustment construction. Meanwhile, due to the compatible all service wavelength of ROADM, therefore can select without restriction differenceOperation wavelength, thereby the flexibility that has significantly improved network. Therefore, the application of ROADM makes WDM optical-fiber network develop into height intelligenceThe New Generation Optical network of energyization, not only can greatly reduce the operation and maintenance cost of network, can provide rapidly again eachPlant new data, services, become the developing direction of WDM optical-fiber network.

The core framework of a traditional 1*2ROADM as shown in Figure 1, by the Wave decomposing multiplexer of an input(DEMUX) 101, adjustable optical attenuator (VOA) array 103 and 105 of 102, two outputs of 1*2 array of photoswitch, and twoWavelength division multiplexer (MUX) 104 and 106 compositions of individual output. The input and output port medium of ROADM is all optical fiber, whereinWDM wavelength and the interval thereof of transmission are all fixed, as shown in the spectrum of input in accompanying drawing 1. Each cylindricality generation in spectrumTable one wavelength signals, its width represents its channel width, and it highly represents its watt level. Input letter shown in accompanying drawing 1Number comprise m wavelength signals λ 1～λ m, its power is different. When these optical signals input ports enter the DEMUX of ROADMAfter module 101, open and exported respectively each wavelength correspondence by output port λ 1～λ m of DEMUX module 101 by wavelength separatedAn output port. These optical signals enter the array of photoswitch 102 being made up of m 1*2 photoswitch, each in array subsequentlyThe corresponding wavelength of individual photoswitch, its input connects the output port of the upper respective wavelength of DEMUX, and two output port isThe input port of the upper respective wavelength of corresponding MUX104 and MUX106 respectively. Therefore, by Long-distance Control array of photoswitch 102The switching state of each photoswitch, can select the route direction of each wavelength, thereby the wavelength signals of input is divided into two groups,Go to respectively two MUX of ROADM. Above two groups of wavelength signals are left after array of photoswitch, divide and are clipped to the preposition of corresponding MUXVOA array 103 and 105. These two arrays are all made up of m VOA, the corresponding wavelength of each VOA, and believe according to Long-distance ControlNumber the power of optical signal through it is regulated. Last two groups of wavelength signals arrive respectively MUX104 and the upper phase of MUX106The input port of answering, and merged to respectively output port 1 and output port 2 is exported. As shown in Figure 1, ROADM is not by powerM same input wavelength signal is assigned to two output ports by the combination of selecting, and by regulating the output of each wavelengthPower, has realized smooth output spectrum (being that each wavelength power is consistent). Certainly, also can pass through according to the needs of practical applicationRegulate the power output of each wavelength to obtain output spectrum arbitrarily.

Structure and the 1*2ROADM of multiple output port 1*NROADM are similar, and just array of photoswitch is wherein by 1*NPhotoswitch composition, and the quantity of VOA array MUX is all respectively N. Its specific works principle is identical with above-mentioned 1*2 node, at thisBe not repeated. The inference of being not difficult, the structure of N*1 (being N input, 1 output) ROADM is identical with 1*NROADM, differentThe just functions reversed of DEMUX and MUX.

Because existing ROADM system is by discrete, the device composition of function singleness, not only One's name is legion, Er QieqiBetween part, connect complexity, cause the bulky of system. And the device of composition system is all the optical fibre device of individual packages, at itInterior lights signal all will be through the conversion of optical fiber-interior media-optical fiber, each conversion all can bring the deteriorated of optical signal quality andThe loss of luminous power, and then the performance of whole system is subject to great restriction.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of method of translation polarised light, can improve the optical signal quality of route, subtracts simultaneouslyThe volume of few route device.

The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of device of translation polarised light, can improve the optical signal quality of route, simultaneouslyReduce the volume of route device.

The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of method of controlling optical signal, can improve the optical signal quality of route, simultaneouslyReduce the volume of route device.

The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of device of controlling optical signal, can improve the optical signal quality of route, simultaneouslyReduce the volume of route device.

The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of optical routing method of selecting wavelength, can improve the optical signal quality of route,Reduce the volume of route device simultaneously.

The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of optical routing device of selecting wavelength, can improve the optical signal quality of route,Reduce the volume of route device simultaneously.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

A method for translation polarised light, described method comprises:

The polarization state of switching polarised light, the variation by described polarised light in polarization state is converted into the change on locusChange and obtain the first translation rear polarizer light;

Described the first translation rear polarizer light is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light;

The variation that variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state is converted on propagation path obtains after the second translationPolarised light.

The polarization state of described switching polarised light comprises: the polarization state of switching polarised light by changing driving voltage.

A device for translation polarised light, described device comprises at least one light polarization modulator, at least one light beam translationSheet, optical rotation plate and speculum;

Light polarization modulator, for switching the polarization state of polarised light, and the polarised light of output beam translation sheet input;

Light beam translation sheet, for by the polarised light of light polarization modulator input, the variation in polarization state is converted in space bitThe variation being set up obtains translation rear polarizer light, and the variation in polarization state is converted at sky by the polarised light of optical rotation plate inputBetween input polarization modulator after locational variation;

Optical rotation plate, for by described translation rear polarizer polarisation of light state 90-degree rotation;

Speculum, for reflect polarized light.

Described light polarization modulator switches the polarization state of polarised light by changing driving voltage.

Control a method for optical signal, described method comprises:

Separate extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component in incident light completely, obtain the polarised light after separating;

The polarization state of switching the polarised light after separating, the variation by described polarised light in polarization state is converted in space bitThe variation being set up obtains the first translation rear polarizer light;

The variation that variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state is converted on propagation path obtains after the second translationPolarised light;

Synthetic described the second translation rear polarizer light outgoing.

Described extraordinary ray component and the ordinary light component separating completely in incident light comprises:

Incident light is divided into extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component;

Rotation extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component are to identical polarization direction;

By identical polarization state rotation 45 degree of polarised light, obtain the polarised light corresponding with the extraordinary ray component of incident light andThe polarised light corresponding with the ordinary light component of incident light, the polarization state of the polarised light of described correspondence is identical.

Extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component be 90-degree rotation respectively;

Separate postrotational extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component;

Control a device for optical signal, described device comprises input and output array, deciliter module, at least one polarization tuneDevice processed, at least one light beam translation sheet, polarization apparatus and speculum;

Input and output array, for receiving incident light and output emergent light;

Deciliter module, for separating extraordinary ray component and the ordinary light component of incident light completely, obtains after separatingPolarised light, and the polarised light that returns of synthetic light polarization modulator;

Light polarization modulator, obtains switching rear polarizer light for switching the polarization state of the polarised light after described separation;

Light beam translation sheet, for by described switching rear polarizer light, the variation in polarization state is converted on locusChange and obtain translation rear polarizer light;

Polarization apparatus, for rotating described translation rear polarizer polarisation of light state;

Speculum, for reflect polarized light.

Described deciliter module comprises: uniaxial crystal, two reversible optical rotation plates and irreversible optical rotation plate at the most;

Uniaxial crystal, for incident light being divided into extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component, and synthetic two bundle polarization statesThe mutually perpendicular polarised light of direction;

Reversible optical rotation plate, for rotating extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component to identical polarization direction, and by twoRestrainting postrotational polarised light rotates respectively and obtains the mutually perpendicular polarised light of two bundle polarization state directions;

Irreversible optical rotation plate, for by polarization state rotation 45 degree of the identical polarised light of polarization state, obtains two bundle polarization state phasesSame polarised light, and by two bundle translation rear polarizer polarisation of light states rotation 45 degree.

Described deciliter module comprises: the first uniaxial crystal, the first reversible optical rotation plate, the second uniaxial crystal, at the most two revolveMating plate and irreversible optical rotation plate;

The first uniaxial crystal, for incident light being divided into extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component, and synthetic two bundles partiallyThe mutually perpendicular polarised light of the state of shaking direction;

The first reversible optical rotation plate, for extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component are distinguished to 90-degree rotation, and by two bundlesThe polarization state of the orthogonal polarised light of polarization state direction is 90-degree rotation respectively;

The second uniaxial crystal, for separating of postrotational extraordinary ray component and ordinary light component, and increases by two bundle polarizationsThe distance of the mutually perpendicular polarised light of state direction; The direction phase of the optical axis of described the second uniaxial crystal and described the first uniaxial crystalInstead;

Described input and output array comprises:

Fiber array, for receiving outside incident light and the inner emergent light of output;

Microlens array, for collimating outside incident light and converging inner emergent light.

Described polarization apparatus is optical rotation plate or light polarization modulator, and described light polarization modulator rotates described translation by driving voltageRear polarizer polarisation of light state is to regulate the power of emergent light.

An optical routing method of selecting wavelength, the method comprises:

Extraordinary ray component in incident light and ordinary light component are separated completely, obtain the consistent polarised light of polarization state;

According to the consistent polarised light of polarization state described in different wavelength separated;

Switch respectively the polarization state of polarised light, the variation by described polarised light in polarization state is converted on locusVariation obtain the first translation rear polarizer light;

For different exit ports the second translation rear polarizer light of synthetic selected wavelength respectively, obtain at exit portsThe emergent light of selected wavelength.

Describedly comprise according to the consistent polarised light of polarization state described in different wavelength separated:

Collimate the polarised light that described polarization state is consistent;

Separate the polarised light after collimation according to different wave length;

Polarised light after described separation is refracted as to one group of parallel polarised light, then converges on same plane.

Select an optical routing device for wavelength, described device comprises: input and output array, deciliter module, dispersion module,At least one light polarization modulator, at least one light beam translation sheet, optically-active module and speculum;

Input and output array, for receiving the incident light of different wave length and the emergent light of the selected wavelength of output;

Deciliter module, for the extraordinary ray component of incident light and ordinary light component are separated completely, obtains polarization stateConsistent polarised light, and the polarised light that returns of synthetic dispersion module;

Dispersion module, for the consistent polarised light of polarization state described in the wavelength separated according to different, and merge selected is selectedThe polarised light of different wave length;

Light polarization modulator, for switching the polarization state of the polarised light after described separation;

Light beam translation sheet, for by described polarised light, variation in polarization state is converted into changing on locusTo the polarised light of different wave length after translation, and by the polarised light input polarization modulator of selected different wave length;

Optically-active module, for rotating the polarization state of the polarised light of different wave length after described translation;

Speculum, for reflecting the polarised light of different wave length;

The end face of input and output array is arranged in the focal plane, outside of dispersion module, outside Jiao of speculum and dispersion modulePlanes overlapping.

Described dispersion module comprises:

First lens, for collimating the incident polarized light that described polarization state is consistent, and converges and comprises selected different rippleLong outgoing polarised light is to focal plane outside first lens;

Diffraction grating, for separating the polarised light after collimation according to different wave length, and merge selected is selected different wave lengthPolarised light;

The second lens, for the polarised light of the different wave length after described separation being refracted as to one group of parallel polarised light, andDescribed polarised light is converged to outside the second lens on focal plane; And by the polarised light of the reflection of focal plane outside the second lensCollimation, and by the polarised light after collimation to focus direction refraction inside the second lens;

The focal length of first lens equates with the focal length of the second lens and the focus of inner side overlaps, being centered close to of diffraction gratingThe inner side focus of first lens and the second lens.

Described dispersion module comprises:

The 3rd lens, for collimating the polarised light that described polarization state is consistent, and by described in reflection-type diffraction grating outputPolarised light after separation is refracted as one group of parallel polarised light, described parallel polarised light is converged to respectively to the 3rd lens simultaneouslyFocal plane, left side; And by the polarised light collimation from the 3rd lens left side focal plane reflection, simultaneously by the polarization after described collimationLight is to the 3rd lens right side focus direction refraction, and the outgoing that comprises selected different wave length that reflection-type diffraction grating is mergedPolarised light converges to the 3rd focal plane, lens left side;

Reflection-type diffraction grating, for separating the polarised light after collimation according to different wave length, and merge selected is selected differenceThe polarised light of wavelength;

The right side focus that is centered close to the 3rd lens of reflection-type diffraction grating.

Described dispersion module comprises:

Reflecting spherical mirror, for collimating the polarised light that described polarization state is consistent, and by the institute of reflection-type diffraction grating outputThe polarised light of stating after separation is refracted as one group of parallel polarised light, described parallel polarised light is converged to respectively to reflection sphere simultaneouslyFace mirror focal plane; And by the polarised light collimation from the reflection of reflecting spherical mirror focal plane, simultaneously by the polarised light after described collimationTo the refraction of reflecting spherical mirror focus direction, and the outgoing polarization that comprises selected different wave length that reflection-type diffraction grating is mergedLight converges to reflecting spherical mirror focal plane;

In the focus that is centered close to reflecting spherical mirror of reflection-type diffraction grating.

Described light polarization modulator is the first light polarization modulator array, and described optically-active module is the second light polarization modulator array;

The polarization state of the polarised light of the first Polarization Modulation array to each wavelength is carried out separate modulation; Described light beam translation sheetLogical light face cover all pixels of the first Polarization Modulation array;

The polarization state of the polarised light of the second Polarization Modulation array to each wavelength is carried out separate modulation; Described speculum anti-The face of penetrating covers all pixels of the second Polarization Modulation array.

From technique scheme, can find out, in embodiments of the present invention, by adding in the device of translation polarised lightEnter deciliter module and obtain the device of controlling optical signal; In the device of controlling optical signal, further increasing dispersion module is selectedThe optical routing device of wavelength. Because technique scheme has been simplified optical texture and realized the microminiaturization of installing, can improveThe optical signal quality of route reduces the volume of route device simultaneously.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the core framework schematic diagram of 1*2ROADM traditional in prior art;

Fig. 2 is the method flow schematic diagram of translation polarised light;

Fig. 3 is to be the apparatus structure schematic diagram of translation polarised light;

Fig. 4 A is sectional view and the making alive V0 fundamental diagram of liquid crystal switch unit 310;

Fig. 4 B is sectional view and the making alive V1 fundamental diagram of liquid crystal switch unit 310;

Fig. 5 A is the work schematic diagram of switch unit 310 making alive V0;

Fig. 5 B is the work schematic diagram of switch unit 310 making alive V1;

Fig. 6 A is 4 optional output coordinate work schematic diagrames 1;

Fig. 6 B is 4 optional output coordinate work schematic diagrames 2;

Fig. 6 C is 4 optional output coordinate work schematic diagrames 3;

Fig. 6 D is 4 optional output coordinate work schematic diagrames 4;

Fig. 7 is the method flow schematic diagram of controlling optical signal;

Fig. 8 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of controlling optical signal;

Fig. 9 A is the forward light splitting schematic diagram of deciliter module 900;

Fig. 9 B be deciliter module 900 oppositely close light schematic diagram;

Fig. 9 C be deciliter module 900 can not normally oppositely close light schematic diagram;

Fig. 9 D is the work schematic diagram 4 of deciliter module 900;

Figure 10 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of control optical signal that can regulation output luminous power;

Figure 11 is the optical routing method flow schematic diagram of selecting wavelength;

Figure 12 A is the optical routing device structural representation of selecting wavelength;

Figure 12 B is the optical routing device structural representation that 1*2 selects wavelength;

Figure 13 A is adjustable handover module array transversary schematic diagram;

Figure 13 B is adjustable handover module array vertical structure schematic diagram;

Figure 14 is the optical routing device structural representation of selecting wavelength;

Figure 15 is the optical routing device structural representation of selecting wavelength.

Detailed description of the invention

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention express clearlyer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concreteThe present invention is further described in more detail for embodiment.

In embodiments of the present invention, on the basis of the device of translation polarised light, increase input and output array and deciliter moduleObtain the device of controlling optical signal; On the basis of device of controlling optical signal, increase dispersion module and obtain selecting the light path of wavelengthBy installing.

The device of translation polarised light not only can be realized the accurate switching of polarised light, and can by light polarization modulator withThe optical thickness of light beam translation sheet regulates the amount of switched of polarised light neatly. The device of controlling optical signal has adopted unique polarizationSeparation/combination design, all inputs extraordinary ray corresponding with exporting light is after deciliter module translation, complete with all ordinary lightsFull separation, the polarization state that therefore only needs one group of wave plate can realize all light is consistent. The ordinary light of different port or non-seekingBetween ordinary light, do not require completely and to separate, its hot spot can be overlapped in the time leaving polarization spectro crystal and polarisation-affecting light notThe extinction ratio of line. And employing technique scheme has greatly been simplified polarization optics structure, its input and output port can be byThe very little unitary fiber optic array in interval forms, thereby has realized the microminiaturization of controlling the device of optical signal. Control optical signalDevice is not only simple in structure is easy to assembling, and the few volume of parts is little. Simultaneously owing to using mini optical fibre array as input andOutput port, its volume increases with the increase of port number hardly, has therefore realized high stability and reliability.

The optical routing device of the selection wavelength that the present invention proposes is classical 4F system, and its feature is the sky on the focal plane of front and backThe reflection of spacing is 1: 1. The closely-spaced fiber array end that this feature is used in conjunction with the device of control optical signal of the present inventionMouthful, can greatly reduce the optical thickness of translation polarized light device, thereby improved the performance of optical system and reduced beThe package dimension of system. Another feature in 4F system is that light that all of the port is corresponding is all through common Jiao of two lensPoint is namely the position of dispersion element diffraction grating. Therefore the size of diffraction grating only need to be greater than single hot spot hereinMeet system requirements, thereby significantly reduced the requirement of the area of system to diffraction grating. Meanwhile, after converting by main lensHot spot larger with respect to the hot spot of independent collimator, its area shining on diffraction grating is also corresponding larger, thereby wholeThe diffraction resolution of optical system is also higher.

Describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Are method flow schematic diagrames of translation polarised light referring to accompanying drawing 2, specifically comprise the following steps:

The polarization state of step 201, switching polarised light, the variation by polarised light in polarization state is converted on locusVariation obtain the first translation rear polarizer light.

Switch the polarization state of polarised light, do not change the propagation path of polarised light. When the polarization state of polarised light changes,Polarised light is converted into the variation on locus in the variation of polarization state, obtains the first translation rear polarizer light. Wherein, canTo switch polarised light by changing driving voltage.

Step 202, described the first translation rear polarizer light is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light.

By the first translation rear polarizer light reflection, simultaneously by polarised light the first 90-degree rotation of polarization state.

Step 203, variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state are converted into variation on propagation path and obtain theTwo translation rear polarizer light.

Polarization state and the polarised light polarization state step 202 after of polarised light before step 202 changed 90 degree, and this is inclined to one sideThe variation of the state of shaking will be converted into polarised light before step 202 and variation on propagation path after step 202, thereby obtains secondTranslation rear polarizer light.

Apparatus structure schematic diagrames of translation polarised light referring to accompanying drawing 3, particularly:

The device of translation polarised light is handover module 300 by 320 groups of several switch units 310 and reflector elementsBecome. Wherein each switch unit 310 is made up of a light polarization modulator 311 and a light beam translation sheet 312. Light polarization modulator311 function is the polarization state of switching incident light, but it does not change the propagation path of incident light. Switch unit 310 is to enteringThe translation of penetrating light is to be completed by light beam translation sheet 312 wherein. Light beam translation sheet 312 is to be made up of single axial birefringence crystalWhether parallel flat, there is translation when the polarization state that its characteristic is incident light determines its outgoing. 320 of reflector elements revolve by oneMating plate 321 and a speculum 322 form, and its function is that the polarised light of incident is reflected along original route, simultaneously by its polarization state90-degree rotation. Optical rotation plate 321 is wherein Faraday rotation sheets of 45 degree, and the then reflection of polarization state rotation 45 degree, then will be anti-Penetrate polarisation of light state and rotate again 45 degree. Optical rotation plate 321 is quarter-wave plates of being made up of birefringece crystal, and polarised light is through anti-Penetrate after mirror reflection polarization state 90-degree rotation.

Light polarization modulator 311 can be according to external drive signal the polarization state of the polarised light to incident modulate, canThe technology that realizes this function comprises liquid crystal technology, electrooptical technology and magneto-optic technology etc. Light beam translation sheet 312 is two by single shaftThe parallel flat that refracting crystal is made, can the variation in polarization state be converted into the variation on locus by polarised light,Namely can make polarised light that translation occurs in the time that polarization state changes. The material that can make light beam translation sheet includes but not limited toYttrium Orthovanadate (YVO4) crystal, lithium columbate crystal and calcite crystal.

Polarised light incides handover module 300 along Z axis positive direction, switch through the translation of each switch unit 310 andAfter the reflection of reflector element 320, will be along the outgoing of Z axis negative direction, and also the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light is different from incident light, and relativeProduce a translation in incident light. If the number of switch unit 310 is N, the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light just has 2^NPlant choosingSelect. These Y-axis coordinates are determined by the translational movement of each light beam translation sheet 312, and selection by which Y-axis coordinate is exported, and passes throughControlling the state of each light polarization modulator 311 realizes.

Taking the handover module based on liquid crystal technology as example, set forth its specific works principle below. Accompanying drawing 4A is that liquid crystal switchesThe sectional view of unit 310 and fundamental diagram thereof, wherein light polarization modulator 311 is liquid crystal cell, mainly by layer glass substrate401, liquid crystal layer 402 and the two-layer transparency electrode 403 that is plated on glass substrate form. Liquid crystal layer 402 is clipped in two-layer transparent electricalBetween the utmost point 403, external drive voltage can be applied on liquid crystal layer 402 by transparency electrode 403.

Liquid crystal is a kind of condensed state matter, and its structure and characteristic, between solid crystals and isotropic liquid, are to haveThe fluid of sequence. The chemical constitution of liquid crystal is asymmetric, and therefore its dielectric property and optical characteristics are also asymmetric, haveThe birefringent characteristic the same with crystal. If the thickness of liquid crystal layer 402 is d, optical axis becomes 45 degree in X-Y plane and with Y-axis, ordinaryThe refringence of light (O light) and extraordinary ray (E light) is Δ n, and its bit phase delay δ that incident light is produced is

δ＝Δnd

In the time that δ equals incident wavelength λ or its integral multiple, liquid crystal layer 402 is equivalent to the full-wave plate of incident light, incident light processAfter it, polarization state does not change. And in the time that δ equals λ/2 or its odd-multiple, liquid crystal layer 402 be equivalent to two of incident light/One wave plate, can by polarization state perpendicular to or the polarization state that is parallel to the incident light of Y-Z plane carry out 90 degree rotations.

In the time that liquid crystal layer 402 is applied in electric field, the orientation meeting of its molecule changes, corresponding birefringent characteristicNamely refractive indices n also changes thereupon, forms electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) effect. Therefore, utilize the electrically conerolled birefringence of liquid crystalEffect, can change its phase delay δ to incident polarized light by the driving voltage that changes liquid crystal cell, thereby realize lightThe modulation of polarization state.

If δ equals λ and λ/2 o'clock, corresponding driving voltage is respectively V0 and V1, and light polarization modulator 311 is to polarization stateModulation is respectively as shown in accompanying drawing 4A and accompanying drawing 4B. In Fig. 4 A, polarization state is perpendicular to Y-Z plane (representing with the round dot on light)Incident light after the light polarization modulator 311 that is V0 by driving voltage, polarization state remains unchanged. And in Fig. 4 B, inclined to one side equallyThe incident light of the state of shaking is after the light polarization modulator 311 that is V1 by driving voltage, and polarization state becomes and is parallel to Y-Z plane (with lightLittle horizontal line on line represents), rotate 90 degree with respect to incident polarization state.

Except ecb mode, liquid crystal can also be at other multiple-working mode, comprises twisted nematic (TN) and super distortionUnder nematic (STN) isotype, realize above-mentioned polarization state modulation function. The detailed operation principle of liquid crystal does not belong to of the present inventionContent, does not state tired at this.

Light beam translation sheet 412 in Fig. 4 is taking yttrium vanadate crystal as example, and its thickness is T, and the optical axis of crystal 404 is in Y-Z planeAnd become a angle with the surface of crystal. In the time that the driving voltage of light polarization modulator 311 is V0, incident light is after light polarization modulator 311Polarization state does not change, while therefore inciding light beam translation sheet 312 polarization state still perpendicular to the Y-Z plane at its optical axis 404 places,As shown in Figure 4 A. In this case, incident light is pressed the law of refraction refraction of ordinary light in light beam translation sheet 312, so at YOn direction of principal axis, be not offset, emergent light and incident light are on same straight line, and its Y-axis coordinate does not change.

And in the time that the driving voltage of light polarization modulator 311 is V1, incident light is revolved through light polarization modulator 311 rear polarizer statesTurn 90 degree, become the linearly polarized light that is parallel to Y-Z plane, as shown in Figure 4 B. In this case, the polarization state of incident light is flatRow, in the main cross section of light beam translation sheet 312 (being the plane at optical axis 404 places), is therefore pressed extraordinary in light beam translation sheet 312The law of refraction refraction of light is offset in Y direction, and offset direction is consistent with the direction of optical axis 404, i.e. Y-axis positive direction.Final emergent light and incident light not on same straight line, but two parallel, distance is on the straight line of d.

That is to say, light beam translation sheet by incident light in Y-Z plane along Y-axis translation d distance, if the Y of incident lightAxial coordinate is 0, and the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light is+d. The distance d of light beam translation sheet translation is by thickness T and the optical axis direction a of crystalDetermine, select suitable crystal thickness T and optical axis direction a according to the characteristic of crystal, can obtain needed translation distance d.

Taking the handover module (as shown in Figure 5) that comprises an above-mentioned switch unit 310 as example, illustrate and switch mould belowThe detailed course of work of piece.

See accompanying drawing 5A, a branch of polarization state is perpendicular to Y-Z plane, and the polarised light that Y-axis coordinate is 0 incides along Z axis positive directionSwitch unit 310. In the time that driving voltage is V0, it does not change through switch unit 310 rear polarizer states, and Y-axis coordinate does not have yetChange, continue to enter reflector element 320 along Z axis positive direction. Optical rotation plate 321 in reflector element 320 is incident light four/One wave plate, its optical axis, in X-Y plane (perpendicular to Y-Z plane), and becomes miter angle with Y-axis. Polarised light is through optical rotation plate 321After be reflected mirror 322 and reflect, the direction of propagation becomes Z axis negative direction, then again passes through optical rotation plate 321 along original route. Polarised lightTwice effect through quarter-wave plate is equivalent to through 1/2nd wave plates, and the optical axis of wave plate and its polarization stateBecome miter angle, therefore polarised light reflects rear polarizer state through reflector element 320 and has rotated 90 degree, becomes and is parallel to Y-Z plane, and passBroadcast direction and become Z axis negative direction.

When polarised light continues again to incide switch unit 310 along Z axis negative direction, what first enter is light beam translation sheet312, now its polarization state has become and has been parallel to Y-Z plane (being the main cross section of light beam translation sheet 112), therefore at light beam translation sheetThe law of refraction refraction of pressing extraordinary ray in 312 is offset in Y direction. Simultaneously because incident direction is Z axis losing sideTo, so offset direction is Y-axis negative direction. If the translation distance of light beam translation sheet 312 is d, the Y-axis of the polarised light of outgoingCoordinate is-d. Polarised light finally passes through light polarization modulator 311 again, and because driving voltage is V0, its polarization state does not change,The polarization state of whole emergent light is for being parallel to Y-Z plane.

Accompanying drawing 5B is depicted as in the time that the driving voltage of light polarization modulator 311 is V1, the operation principle of handover module. IdenticalIncident light after switch unit 310 by translation apart from d, from the Y-axis coordinate of light beam translation sheet 312 outgoing be+d. Meanwhile,Its polarization state has been rotated 90 degree, becomes and is parallel to Y-Z plane. Polarised light continues along Z axis pros from switch unit 310 outgoingTo inciding reflector element 320, after the reflection of reflector element 320, the direction of propagation has become Z axis negative direction, and polarization state againInferior being rotated by 90 degrees, becomes the plane perpendicular to Y-Z. Therefore, when polarised light enters light beam translation sheet 312 again along Z axis negative directionTime, by pressing the law of refraction refraction of ordinary light, in Y direction, not being offset, the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light is still+d. ?Rear polarizer light passes through light polarization modulator 311 again, and because driving voltage is V1, its polarization state is rotated by 90 degrees for the third time, finalThe polarization state of emergent light for being parallel to Y-Z plane.

In sum, can select+d of the handover module that comprises a switch unit and-(the supposition input of two output coordinates of dThe coordinate of light is 0), output coordinate can be by controlling the driving voltage of the light polarization modulator in switch unit, namely modulationState is selected. The driving voltage that coordinate-d is corresponding is V0, and the namely modulation condition of rotatory polarization state is not inclined to one side in this caseThe translation of light of shaking occurs in it while propagating along Z axis negative direction, and therefore the direction of translation is Y-axis negative direction, and output coordinate is-d, asShown in accompanying drawing 5A. And driving voltage corresponding to coordinate+d is V1, namely by the modulation condition of polarization state 90-degree rotation, this feelingsWhen under condition, the translation of polarised light occurs in it and propagates along Z axis positive direction, therefore the direction of translation is Y-axis positive direction, output coordinateFor+d, as shown in accompanying drawing 5B.

In more situation, handover module comprises multiple switch units as shown in Figure 3. And for comprising multiple switchingsAny one switch unit in the handover module (hereinafter referred to as multiple-unit handover module) of unit, is not difficult to illustrate that polarised light is along ZAxle positive direction is left this switch unit to during getting back to this switch unit along Z axis negative direction, and the polarization state 90 experiencing is spentThe number of times (comprising 90 degree rotations of reflector element) of rotation must be odd number. That is to say, polarised light is being got back to this switching listWhen unit in,, polarization state necessarily becomes 90 to spend when leaving. Therefore, polarised light is passing through the light beam translation of each switch unit back and forth for twiceWhen sheet, must occur once and for once translation. If translation occurs in it while propagating along Z axis positive direction, translationDirection is Y-axis positive direction. If translation occurs in it while propagating along Z axis negative direction, the direction of translation is Y-axis negative direction. AndBy controlling the modulation condition of light polarization modulator of this switch unit, just can select polarised light propagating along Z axis positive directionShi Pingyi, or translation in the time propagating along Z axis negative direction, namely can select the translation direction of polarised light.

Therefore can reach a conclusion, each switch unit in multiple-unit handover module can be put down incident lightMove, and the summation of the translational movement that the translational movement of final emergent light is all switch units. Each switch unit is flat to polarised lightMoving is all independently, therefore its position in handover module, and namely sequencing does not affect the translational movement of final emergent light.Because each switch unit has both positive and negative translation direction, so if the quantity of the switch unit that handover module comprises is N, andAnd translational movement is different, the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light just has maximum 2 so^NPlant and select. By controlling each switch unitDriving voltage, the namely translation direction of each switch unit, can select the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light.

According to conclusions, can design the handover module of any output port quantity and output coordinate. Below with oneCan select 4 output coordinates, and the handover module that input and output coordinate is arranged by equidistant d is example, is elaborated.

First, 4 be met and two switch units of needs at least of output coordinate can be selected. And in order to obtain input and defeatedGo out coordinate and equidistantly arrange, the result of any plus-minus combination of the translation distance of two switch units is necessary for the integral multiple of d. RootThe handover module obtaining according to these requirements, as shown in Fig. 6 A, 6B, 6C, 6D, is sequentially arranged with two switch units along Z axis positive direction610 and 620, and reflector element 320. The translation distance of the light beam translation sheet 612 and 622 of two switch units is designed to respectively1.5d and 0.5d, to reach the effect of equidistant output.

The detailed operation of handover module and state of a control, and corresponding Output rusults is as shown in Table 1, under one of four statesThe concrete path of light is seen shown in Fig. 6 A～Fig. 6 D. Y-axis coordinate at input light is 0, and four output coordinates respectivelyFor-2d ,-d ,+d and+2d, just in time by the both sides that are equidistantly distributed in input coordinate, and each output coordinate and switch unitThe combination of four kinds of driving voltages corresponding one by one.

Table one

It should be noted that in multiple-unit handover module the driving voltage of switch unit and its translation direction (plus or minus)Although be one to one, its corresponding relation is not what fix, and same driving voltage is right under different switching statesWhat answer may be contrary translation direction. The for example translation direction corresponding to driving voltage V1 of switch unit 620 in switching state 3Y-axis negative direction instead of positive direction. This is because the polarization state of polarised light while arriving switch unit 620 is for the first time for being parallel toY-Z plane, instead of perpendicular to Y-Z plane. Therefore judge translation direction according to the propagation that is polarised light in the time there is translationDirection, it is exactly positive in the time that Z axis positive direction is propagated, translation occurring, otherwise is negative direction. In like manner, if input polarisation of light stateBe to be parallel to Y-Z plane instead of perpendicular to Y-Z plane, handover module switches still effective to its translation, and outputQuantity and the coordinate of mouth are all constant, and the combination that is the corresponding driving voltage of each output coordinate has different.

In addition, the translation direction of above light beam translation sheet and the relation of the direction of propagation (are that polarised light is passing along Z axis positive directionSowing time occur translation be just, otherwise bear) be based on light beam translation sheet by yttrium vanadate crystal, namely single shaft positive crystalMake, and its optical axis direction is under this prerequisite shown in accompanying drawing 4. If light beam translation sheet is become by negative uniaxial crystal system,Or the optical axis direction of its crystal and contrary shown in Fig. 4 (with Z axis symmetry), polarised light is being propagated along Z axis positive direction soThe translation of Shi Fasheng is born, otherwise is positive. Principle related to this is the basic theories of crystal optics, no longer detailed at thisState.

Analyze again one below and can select 8 output coordinates, and input and output coordinate is by the switching of equidistant d arrangementThe operation principle of module, its parameter and duty are as shown in Table 2. Because 8=2³So, the switching that handover module comprisesUnit has three, and the translation distance of its light beam translation sheet is respectively 2.5d, 1.0d and 0.5d (can arrange in any order), withReach the effect of equidistant output.

Y-axis coordinate at input light is 0,8 be respectively-4d of output coordinate, and-3d ,-2d ,-d ,+d ,+2d ,+3d and+4d, just in time by the both sides that are equidistantly distributed in input coordinate. The group of the translation direction of each output coordinate and switch unitUnify a correspondence, and the combination of each translation direction also must be corresponding the combination of fixing driving voltage, corresponding relation is by enteringThe concrete structure of penetrating polarisation of light state and handover module determines, is not repeated at this.

Table two

According to technique scheme, can determine more output coordinate, comprise the handover module of more switch units.And the output coordinate of every kind of handover module can adjust by the translational movement that changes each switch unit, to meet realityThe needs of application.

The device of translation polarised light discussed above is that the fixing linearly polarized light of polarization state is switched, and commonOptical fiber in the polarisation of light state propagated be but random, unfixed. Therefore, the control taking optical fiber as input/output end portThe device of optical signal, except comprising the device of above translation polarised light, also must possess a deciliter module. The function of deciliter moduleBe that input light random polarization state is divided into two components that polarization state is fixing, make the device of translation polarised light can be to these twoComponent switches, and after switching completes, two components is reconsolidated to output.

Are method flow schematic diagrames of controlling optical signal referring to accompanying drawing 7, specifically comprise the following steps:

Step 701, separate extraordinary ray component and the ordinary light component in incident light completely, obtain the polarization after separatingLight.

The extraordinary ray component and the ordinary light component that wherein separate completely in incident light comprise two kinds of modes:

Mode one:

Mode two:

The polarization state of the polarised light after step 702, switching separate, the variation by described polarised light in polarization state is converted intoVariation on locus obtains the first translation rear polarizer light.

Switch the polarization state of polarised light, do not change the propagation path of incident light. When the polarization state of polarised light changes,Polarised light is converted into the variation on locus in the variation of polarization state, obtains the first translation rear polarizer light. Wherein, canTo switch polarised light by changing driving voltage.

Step 703, described the first translation rear polarizer light is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light.

Polarised light after described the first translation is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light.

Step 704, variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state are converted into variation on propagation path and obtain theTwo translation rear polarizer light, synthetic described the second translation rear polarizer light outgoing.

Polarization state and the polarised light polarization state step 703 after of polarised light before step 703 changed 90 degree, and this is inclined to one sideThe variation of the state of shaking will be converted into polarised light before step 703 and variation on propagation path after step 703, thereby obtains secondTranslation rear polarizer light, synthetic described the second translation rear polarizer light outgoing.

As shown in Figure 8, the device of controlling optical signal taking 1*2 is as example, the device of analysis and Control optical signal. Control lightThe device of signal comprises: input and output array 800, the device 300 of deciliter module 900 and translation polarised light is along Z axis positive directionOrder rearranges. Wherein input and output array 800 is made up of fiber array 810 and microlens array 820, and its spacing is all dAnd along Y direction close-packed arrays, and fiber port and lenticule correspondence one by one. Port in the middle of array is input port, establishesIts Y-axis coordinate is the both sides that 0, two output port is symmetrically distributed in input, corresponding be respectively+d of Y-axis coordinate and-d。

The random polarised light of polarization state is entered by input optical fibre, after corresponding lenticule collimation, incides a deciliter module900. The polarised light of incident is separated into two polarization states all perpendicular to Y-Z plane by being polarized deciliter module 900 along Y directionComponent, then enters the device 300 of translation polarised light. Because the quantity of output port is 2, so the device of translation polarised light300 comprise a switch unit, and its translation distance is d.

That is to say, the device 300 of translation polarised light has two kinds of switching states, will input respectively light along Y-axis positive direction andNegative direction translation distance d, and its translation effect to two of incident polarized light components is identical. At front a kind of shape that switchesUnder state, two components of incident polarized light are by the same time along Y-axis positive direction translation distance d, and polarization state is rotated into parallelIn Y-Z plane, then return to point converging module 900 along Z axis negative direction, opticpath is as shown in solid line in accompanying drawing 8. Due to now inclined to one sideShake light two components all by along the translation of Y-axis positive direction apart from d, so their by deciliter module 900 the Y-axis coordinate after mergingFor+d, the just in time output port 1 in corresponding input and output array 800, thus converge to output in optical fiber 1 by lenticule. AndUnder rear a kind of switching state, two components of incident polarized light by the same time along Y-axis negative direction translation distance d, through deciliter module900 merge after Y-axis coordinate be-d, corresponding with the output port 2 in input and output array 800, so converged to by lenticuleOutput in optical fiber 2, concrete opticpath is as shown in dotted line in accompanying drawing 8. Therefore, by selecting the switching of device of translation polarised lightState, namely driving voltage, just can realize the selection of optical output port.

Adopt the non-light component of seeking corresponding all of the port has been separated completely with ordinary light component, then two components have been dividedThe structure of not switching. This structure does not require that the corresponding ordinary light of different port or extraordinary ray separate completely, by revolvingThe polarization state that light device is realized all light is consistent, with respect to traditional pectination polarization spectro/close photo structure, i.e. a port correspondenceThe structure of one group of optical rotation plate has had very big simplification. Meanwhile, this structure can be used the input/output end port battle array that spacing is very littleRow, thus optical thickness and the size of handover module greatly reduced, significantly improve the optics of controlling the device of optical signalPerformance.

Describe deciliter module 900 in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D.

Accompanying drawing 9 is the work schematic diagram of deciliter module 900. It comprises uniaxial crystal 901 along Z axis positive direction order, at thisTaking yttrium vanadate crystal be single shaft positive crystal as example, its optical axis direction is shown in 902. Uniaxial crystal function is that polarization state is randomInput light is divided into the orthogonal polarised light of two bundle polarization states, or the orthogonal polarised light of two bundle polarization states is synthetic a branch ofPolarised light. Reversible optical rotation plate comprises 903 and 904, is 1/2nd wave plates of the incident light be made up of crystal, and its function is by phaseThe polarization states of two mutual vertical bundle polarised lights are rotated respectively to polarization direction consistent, and all become 45 degree with Y-axis, and this rotationReversible. Irreversible optical rotation plate 905, for yttrium iron garnet or mix bismuth thin film crystal, can rely on magneto-optic effect by polarised lightPolarization state is carried out 45 degree, and its direction of rotation is fixed, and the orientation independent of polarised light propagation, and therefore this rotation is irreversible.

The forward spectroscopic processes of deciliter module is as shown in accompanying drawing 9A.

The random polarised light of a branch of polarization state (is equivalent to perpendicular to the component of Y-Z plane and is parallel to two of Y-Z planeComponent, is represented by the point on light and little horizontal line respectively) incide after uniaxial crystal 901 along Z axis positive direction, two components are respectivelyThe law of refraction refraction of pressing ordinary light and extraordinary ray, latter two component of outgoing is separated along Y direction, and the distance of separating is by listThe thickness of axialite body 901 and optical axis direction determine. Position and the polarization state thereof of polarised light after each optical element is shown in figureIn a series of square frames of below, its position represents by small circle, and polarization state represents by the little horizontal line in circle, and direction of observation is ZAxle positive direction.

Visible two polarized light components are to leave uniaxial crystal 901 rear polarizer states mutually vertical, and then incident is reversible respectivelyOptical rotation plate 903 and 904, and rotated respectively 45 degree by different directions. Therefore, two polarized light components are passing through reversible optically-activeSheet rear polarizer state has become and has been parallel to each other, and all become with Y-axis positive 45 degree (establish from Y-axis positive direction and just clockwise turn to, otherwiseFor negative). Finally, two polarized light components are through irreversible optical rotation plate 905, and polarization state is rotated 45 degree again, and direction of rotation isClockwise, the polarization state of final emergent light is perpendicular to Y-Z plane.

No more than two of the quantity of deciliter reversible optical rotation plate that module is contained, corresponding all input/output ports are at list respectivelyExtraordinary ray component in axialite body 901 and extraordinary ray component. These two reversible optical rotation plates are orthogonal by input lightThe polarization state rotation of extraordinary ray component and extraordinary ray component is to consistent, simultaneously by the extraordinary ray consistent polarization state of returningComponent is extremely mutually vertical with the rotation of extraordinary ray component. Use respectively a pair of reversible optically-active with traditional each input/output portSheet carries out the method for pectination deciliter light to be compared, and the feature of this technical scheme is only to use two fixing reversible optical rotation plates, numberAmount is only equivalent to a reversible optical rotation plate that port is required in traditional pectination deciliter light method. The more important thing is, use this skillArt scheme is only used two reversible optical rotation plates can realize minimizing of input/output port spacing, and then has realized control lightThe microminiaturization of the device of signal.

In sum, the polarised light of the random polarization state of incident has been divided into two bundle polarization states by deciliter module to be fixed, andAll, perpendicular to the component of Y-Z plane, the distance between two components can be selected by uniaxial crystal 901.

Deciliter module 900 oppositely close photoreduction process as shown in accompanying drawing 9B.

Two polarized light components reflect rear polarizer state 90-degree rotation through the device 300 of translation polarised light, become and are parallel to Y-ZPlane, gets back to irreversible optical rotation plate 905 along Z axis negative direction. Because the direction of propagation of its optical direction and polarised light is irrelevant, for solidFixed clockwise direction, 45 degree so the polarization state of two polarized light components is turned clockwise, become and become positive 45 degree with Y-axis,Consistent with the polarization state of relevant position in spectroscopic processes. And due to reversible optical rotation plate 903 and 904, and uniaxial crystal 901 is to partiallyThe effect of light of shaking is all reversible, therefore two polarized light components by reconsolidate into by the path of original light splitting a branch of arbitrarily partiallyThe polarised light of the state of shaking.

If get back to the polarization state of two polarized light components of irreversible optical rotation plate 905 is not parallel to along Z axis negative directionY-Z plane, and be perpendicular to Y-Z plane, they are being turned clockwise after 45 degree by irreversible optical rotation plate 905 so,To become with Y-axis and become to bear 45 degree, become 90 degree with the polarization state of relevant position in spectroscopic processes, as shown in accompanying drawing 9C. In this feelingsUnder condition, reversible optical rotation plate 503 and 504 will be rotated into respectively the polarization state of two polarized light components perpendicular to Y-Z plane peaceGo in Y-Z plane, and contrary with the polarization state of relevant position in spectroscopic processes respectively. That is to say, a point light time divides at polarizationLight/close the component reflecting with ordinary light rule in luminescent crystal 901 will become by extraordinary ray refraction, and point light time is with extraordinary rayThe component of rule refraction will become by ordinary light and reflect. Therefore, two polarized light components will further separately can not be mergedFor a branch of polarised light.

Due to two components of polarised light refractive index difference (being spread speed difference) in uniaxial crystal 901, andThe length of propagation path is also different, has caused two components at the nonsynchronous phenomenon of follow-up each optical interface, i.e. polarization mode lookLoose. In order to remove polarization mode dispersion, can adopt in actual applications the first uniaxial crystal 906 and second as shown in accompanying drawing 9DUniaxial crystal 909, and the combinations that are placed in the first reversible optical rotation plate 908 in the middle of both replace uniaxial crystal 901. First is singleThe spectroscopic distance of axialite body 906 and the second uniaxial crystal 909 is the half of uniaxial crystal 901, and its optical axis 907 and 910Opposite direction (with Z axis symmetry). The first reversible optical rotation plate 908 is 1/2nd wave plates, and its optical axis is in X-Y plane, and and YAxle becomes 45 degree.

After inciding the first uniaxial crystal 906 along Z axis positive direction, the polarised light of random polarization state is divided into two components,There is not translation in ordinary light component wherein, and extraordinary ray component is by along the translation of Y-axis negative direction, and translation distance is uniaxial crystal901 half. With latter two component, through 1/2nd wave plates 908, polarization state is all rotated by 90 degrees, and therefore enters the second single shaftThe rear original ordinary light component of crystal 909 becomes extraordinary ray component, and by along the translation of Y-axis positive direction, it is single that translation distance is similarlyThe half of axialite body 901. And original extraordinary ray component becomes ordinary light component, there is not translation. Two of final outgoingThe polarization state of individual polarized light component, and the distance of separating and use when single uniaxial crystal 901 just the same. But due to oftenIndividual component has all experienced an ordinary light refraction and an extraordinary ray refraction, and the complete phase of length of corresponding propagation pathWith, will, simultaneously from the second uniaxial crystal 909 outgoing, there is not polarization mode dispersion in two components therefore.

Some application scenario, requires the device of control optical signal not only will possess the selection function of output port, also wants energyThe enough power to output light regulates. In this case, only need change into fixing optical rotation plate in the device of translation polarised lightA light polarization modulator can be realized this function, as shown in Figure 10 (still taking 1*2 photoswitch as example).

The phase delay δ that light polarization modulator 1011 produces determines by driving voltage V, when phase delay δ equals λ/2 or itsWhen integral multiple, polarised light is equivalent to through a full-wave plate through light polarization modulator 1011 for twice, and its polarization state will remain unchanged.Therefore the reflector element, being made up of light polarization modulator 1011 and speculum 1022 effect is now just by anti-incident light Yan Yuan roadPenetrate, and do not change its polarization state. So regardless of the switching state of switch unit 310, two components of polarised light all can edgeThe former road of incident path is returned, as shown in solid line in figure and dotted line light path. That is to say, handover module can not put down incident lightMove, the Y-axis coordinate of emergent light is still 0, and the polarization state of emergent light is identical with incident light, for perpendicular to Y-Z plane.

From the analysis to deciliter module 900 above, if along two polarized light components of Z axis negative direction incident partiallyThe state of shaking be perpendicular to Y-Z plane, they will be by further separately and can not be merged into a branch of polarised light so. Therefore,Two polarized light components that reflect from the device of translation polarised light can not arrive at any output port, all output portsOutput optical power is all zero, as shown in Figure 10. And the phase delay δ producing when light polarization modulator 1011 equals λ/4 or itsConstantly, light polarization modulator 1011 is equivalent to fixing optical rotation plate 321, the now course of work of photoswitch and accompanying drawing 8 to odd-multiple completelyIdentical, input light will be from the selected output port output of switch unit 310.

The phase delay producing when light polarization modulator 1011 is between above between the two time, and each polarized light component is by anti-After penetrating, can be further divided into again two subcomponents, the polarization state of one of them subcomponent has been rotated 90 degree, and another oneThe polarization state of component does not change. Polarization state has been rotated two subcomponents of 90 degree the opticpath by accompanying drawing 8 has been propagated,Finally from controlling the selected output port output of device of optical signal. Two subcomponents that polarization state does not change according toOpticpath in accompanying drawing 10 is propagated, and finally can not arrive any output port, and its energy loss has been fallen.

Because the general power of input light equals the summation of all subcomponent power, and the phase that light polarization modulator 1011 producesPosition retardation determines power proportion in general power of different subcomponents, therefore just can control by controlling driving voltage VOutput optical power processed shared ratio in input optical power, thus realize the control to Output optical power. Before being different fromThe device 300 of the translation polarised light of stating, is called power by the module 1000 being made up of light polarization modulator 1011 and speculum 1022Adjustable handover module, is called for short adjustable handover module.

It is pointed out that the control of Output optical power is by light polarization modulator 1011 complete independentlies, this function withThe device translation functions of controlling optical signal is relatively independent, and the selection of output port is still by respectively switching in the device of control optical signalThe switching state of unit determines. In addition, light polarization modulator 1011 phase delay that produces grows to 1/2nd from quarter-waveWavelength is adjustable continuously, so Output optical power shared ratio in input optical power is also continuously adjustable to 100% from zero.

1*4 provided by the invention, the device formation of the control optical signal of 1*8 and more output ports and operation principle andThe device that above-mentioned 1*2 controls optical signal is identical, only the scale of input/output end port array and the switch unit that comprisesQuantity difference, be not repeated at this.

In addition, the inference of being not difficult, the device of all control optical signals provided by the invention not only can be by 1*N (i.e. 1 inputPort, N output port) configuration use, also can use by N*1 (being N input port, 1 output port) configuration, defeatedThe selection of enter/output port is undertaken by above method, no longer repeats at this.

Are optical routing methods of selecting wavelength referring to accompanying drawing 11, specifically comprise the following steps:

Step 1101, the extraordinary ray component in incident light and ordinary light component are separated completely, obtain polarization state consistentPolarised light.

Mode one:

Mode two:

Step 1102, according to the consistent polarised light of polarization state described in different wavelength separated.

Collimate the polarised light that described polarization state is consistent;

Polarised light after described separation is refracted as to one group of parallel incident light, then converges on same plane.

Step 1103, the polarization state of described polarised light switched respectively, the variation by described polarised light in polarization state transformsFor the variation on locus obtains the first translation rear polarizer light.

Switch respectively the polarization state of polarised light, do not change the propagation path of incident light. When the polarization state of polarised light occursChange, polarised light is converted into the variation on locus in the variation of polarization state, obtain the first translation rear polarizer light. ItsIn, can switch polarised light by changing driving voltage.

Step 1104, described the first translation rear polarizer light is reflected simultaneously by the polarization state 90-degree rotation of polarised light.

Step 1105, variation by rotation rear polarizer light in polarization state are converted into variation on propagation path and obtain theTwo translation rear polarizer light.

Polarization state and the polarised light polarization state step 1104 after of polarised light before step 1104 changed 90 degree, thisThe variation of polarization state will be converted into polarised light before step 1104 and variation on propagation path after step 1104, thereby obtainsThe second translation rear polarizer light.

Step 1106, for different exit ports the second translation rear polarizer light of synthetic selected wavelength respectively, going outPenetrate the emergent light that port obtains selected wavelength.

On the basis of the device of control optical signal provided by the invention, increase dispersion module 1200, build selection rippleLong optical routing device, as shown in accompanying drawing 12A. The optical routing device of the selection wavelength of a 1*N port along Z-direction by inputtingOutput array 800, deciliter module 900, dispersion module 1200, and adjustable handover module array 12700 rearranges.

Wherein dispersion module 1200 is by first lens 1210 and the second lens 1220, and diffraction grating 1230 is arranged along Z axisRow form. The optical axis coincidence of first lens 1210 and the second lens 1220 and be all parallel to Z axis, its X-axis coordinate and input are defeatedGo out array 800 consistent. Meanwhile, the focal length of two lens focus equal and its inner side overlaps. Diffraction grating 1230 is placed in twoBetween person, and the center is in two focus places that lens are common, and diffraction grating 1230 is to first lens 1210 and secondThe distance of lens 1220 all equals the focal length of lens. Input and output array 800 comprises 1 input port and N output port, andAnd its end face overlaps with the focal plane, outside of first lens 1210. And adjustable handover module array 12700 by with incoming wave long numberAmount (be assumed to be m) equal adjustable handover module and arrange and form along X-direction in X-Z plane, each adjustable handover moduleThe number of output coordinate is N, and the interval of output coordinate is consistent with input and output array 800. The Z of all adjustable handover modulesAxial coordinate is identical, and its speculum overlaps with the focal plane, outside of the second lens 1220, thereby has formed a 4F optical systemSystem is the optical system of 4 focal lengths from object plane (optical port) to the optical distance of image planes (speculum), as shown in the figure.

A feature of 4F system is that the distance in its object plane and image planes is 1: 1 reflection, if by the incident on object planeLight translation certain distance, its emergent light in image planes also can move same distance, and vice versa.

Wavelength and the interval thereof of the optical signal transmitting in wavelength-division multiplex system are all fixed, light in a specific bandThe frequency spectrum of signal is as shown in the frequency spectrum of input in accompanying drawing 10A. Wherein each cylindricality represents a wavelength signals, its width generationShow its bandwidth, and it highly represents its watt level. Input signal comprises m wavelength signals λ 1～λ m, and its power is different.These optical signals input ports 800 enter, and be divided into two polarised lights divide by deciliter module 900 in Y-Z plane along Y directionAmount. Because the sightingpiston of accompanying drawing 10A is X-Z plane, therefore two of each wavelength polarized light components are in whole communication processAll overlap, represent with a light, be called the light beam of this wavelength. The light beam of all wavelengths passes through first lens subsequently1210, after further collimator and extender, incide diffraction grating 1230.

Diffraction grating is the optical element that a kind of dispersive power is very strong, can be by the incident light of different wave length by different anglesDegree carries out diffraction, thereby the light beam of different wave length is separated in space. Because the diffraction surfaces of diffraction grating 1230 is that X-Z is flatFace, and the focus place of its point diffraction in the second lens 1220, therefore diffracted grating 1230 diffraction of the light beam of different wave lengthAlthough the rear direction of propagating is different, all can be reflected into parallel with Z axis by the second lens 1220 subsequently. Meanwhile,Two lens 1220 can converge to all collimated light beams on its focal plane, thus on the focal plane on its right side different wave lengthLight beam is separated completely and is arranged along X-direction, and the corresponding X-axis coordinate of light beam of each wavelength, as shown in accompanying drawing 12A.Adjustable handover module array 12700 is sequentially arranged on the focal plane, right side of the second lens 1220 according to these X-axis coordinates,The corresponding wavelength of each is adjustable handover module (λ 1～λ m), thus to the light beam of this wavelength carry out independently translation switch withAnd the ratio of power output regulates.

After the light beam of each wavelength and is reflected at corresponding adjustable handover module translation, return to dispersion along Z axis negative directionModule 1200. Because translation completes in Y-Z plane, thus the X-axis coordinate of light beam all do not change, in X-Z planeStill return along original route. And for dispersion module 1200, its dispersion spectroscopic processes in X-Z plane is completely reversibility, therefore the light beam of all wavelengths is reconsolidated as light beam in X-Z plane. And in Y-Z plane, two of each wavelengthIndividual polarized light component is further merged into light beam by deciliter module 900 subsequently, then gets back to input and output array 800. ThisTime, although the light beam of different wave length overlaps in X-Z plane, its Y-axis coordinate in Y-Z plane is different. AdjustableHandover module array 12700 has carried out independently translation to the light beam of each wavelength in Y-Z plane, and these translational movements by 4F areUnite and be mapped to input and output array 1200 at 1: 1. Therefore, the output Y-axis coordinate of the light beam of each wavelength, namely its outputMouth is selected by corresponding adjustable handover module. Meanwhile, because 4F system does not change the polarization state of polarised light, so adjustable switchingThe adjusting of the power proportions of module to polarized light component can be delivered to deciliter module 900 insusceptibly, thereby realizes output workThe regulatory function of rate.

To sum up, by controlling adjustable handover module array 12700, can select the output port of each input wavelength also rightIts power output regulates. As shown in accompanying drawing 12A, a m different power input wavelength is exported respectively by different combinationsIn N output port, and by regulating the power output of each wavelength, having realized smooth output spectrum (is each wavelengthPower is consistent). Certainly, also can obtain arbitrarily by the power output that regulates each wavelength according to the needs of practical applicationOutput spectrum.

Taking the optical routing device of the selection wavelength of a 1*2 port as example, analyze the concrete light in Y-Z plane belowRoad. From analyzing above, although the adjustable handover module of the angle of diffraction of each operation wavelength in X-Z plane and correspondence is notWith, but its switching principle in Y-Z plane is identical, therefore following only taking a λ x in input wavelength as exampleCarry out optical path analysis.

As shown in accompanying drawing 12B, wavelength is that the optical signal of λ x enters and selects after the optical routing device of wavelength by light splitting compound module900 are divided into two polarized light components along Y-axis, then incide first lens 1210 along Z axis positive direction. First lens 1210 is to twoIndividual polarized light component collimates and expands, its beam diameter is increased to meet system diffraction resolution requirement. Meanwhile, byOptical axis in first lens 1210 is parallel to Z axis, and therefore two polarized light components are reflected backward its focus by first lens 1210Direction is propagated. And due to the focal position of diffraction grating 1230 in first lens 1210, therefore two polarized light components are spreading outThe incidence point of penetrating on grating 1230 overlaps, and in X-Z plane, diffraction occurs. And in Y-Z plane, two polarized light components existAfter diffraction, the direction of propagation does not change, and incides the second lens 1220 according to original direction. Due to first lens 1210 andThe focus of two lens 1220 overlaps, therefore for 1220, two polarized light components of the second lens from its focus, so quiltAfter the second lens 1220 refractions, the direction of propagation all becomes Z axis positive direction, and after the intersection at lens focus place, two polarizationsLight component has exchanged position in Y direction. Meanwhile, the second lens 1220 can converge to it by the polarized light component of two collimationsFocal plane, namely with the mirror surface of adjustable handover module 1000 corresponding to wavelength X x on. Two polarized light components subsequently byAdjustable handover module 1000 translations, (power proportions) regulate and reflection, its process and the complete phase of device situation of controlling optical signalWith, no longer repeat at this. Each polarized light component, passes through along Z axis negative direction incident dispersion module 1200 by translation with after reflectingSame expand and converge conversion, and divide subsequently after the merging of converging module 900, got back to input and output array 800.

Because first lens 1210 is identical with the focal length of the second lens 1220, therefore adjustable handover module 1000 is to polarised lightThe translational movement of component has been mapped to input and output array 800 at 1: 1. But due to incident path and the reflex circuit of polarized light componentFootpath, in the intersection at two lens focus places, has caused 4F system rear and front end translation direction symbol contrary. That is to say, if canAdjusting handover module 1000 is Y-axis positive direction to the translation direction of polarized light component, and it gets back to input and output array 900 soTime translation direction bear.

From above optical path analysis, all light beams are namely passing between first lens 1210 and the second lens 1220Namely in dispersion light splitting with close in the process of light, be all the major diameter collimated light beam expanding through long-focus lens, just sowing timeMeet well the requirement of the diameter of optical grating diffraction resolution ratio to incident beam. Meanwhile, because all light beams all pass through first lens1210 and the common focus of the second lens 1220, the namely position of diffraction grating 1230, so on diffraction grating 1230 instituteSome launching spots all overlap. This feature has significantly reduced the requirement of the area of system to diffraction grating 1230.

Therefore and control in addition, because the optical routing device of above-mentioned selection wavelength is based on controlling the device of optical signal,The device of optical signal is the same, and the optical routing device of selection wavelength provided by the invention also can be by the pattern work of 1*N or N*1Do. The inference of being not difficult, under N*1 mode of operation, selects the optical routing device of wavelength can from each input port, select differenceWavelength combination, and after the power of optical signal to each wavelength regulates, merge to output port output, detailed process existsThis no longer repeats.

While more than analyzing the operation principle of optical routing device of selecting wavelength for the ease of understanding, adjustable handover module arrayFormed by multiple independently adjustable handover modules. And in actual applications, adjustable handover module array is not structurally discreteBut integrated morphology as shown in Figure 13.

First, in adjustable handover module array, belong to all polarization adjusters of same switch unit, be all integrated in oneLarge-scale liquid crystal cell, in polarization adjuster array 1311, as shown in accompanying drawing 13A (sightingpiston is X-Y plane). Liquid crystal cell 1311Two sheet glass substrates (overlapping in X-Y sightingpiston) connect by annular O-ring seal 1301, one of the inner formation of cushion rubberCavity 1302, is wherein full of liquid crystal. The transparency electrode (ITO) of glass substrate inner side etches a line by the method for photoetchingPel array λ 1～λ m of property, wherein the transparency electrode between any two neighbors all separates completely. Therefore, liquid crystalThe structure of box 1311 in the Y-Z of each location of pixels plane is identical with the liquid crystal cell shown in Fig. 4, and each pixel is equalFor independent lead-in wire, its driving voltage can independently be controlled, a suitable polarization adjuster independently. Meanwhile, all pictures in arrayThe X-axis coordinate of element, corresponding one by one with the X-axis coordinate of all working wavelength on first lens 1220 back focal planes, therefore polarization is adjustedWhole device array 1311 can independently be modulated the optical signal of all wavelengths.

As shown in accompanying drawing 13B, (sightingpiston is X-Z to adjustable handover module array 1300 based on polarization adjuster array 1311Plane), formed by several switch units 1310 and a reflector element 1320. Wherein each switch unit 1310 is again by oneLight polarization modulator array 1311 and a light beam translation sheet 1312 form. Light beam translation sheet 1312 covers polarization in X-Y planeAll pixels on modulator array 1311, the direction of its optical axis (in Y-Z plane) and thickness with corresponding control lightThe device design of signal is identical. 1320 of reflector elements are by 1322 groups of a light polarization modulator array 1311 and speculumsBecome, and speculum 1322 covers all pixels on light polarization modulator array 1311 in X-Y plane. Meanwhile, form adjustableAll switch units 1310 of handover module array 1300 and the pel array of reflector element 1320 are completely heavy in X-Y planeClose, the optical signal of each wavelength can be through the respective pixel on all light polarization modulator arrays 1311, thereby can be by completelySwitch independently. Therefore, adjustable handover module array 1300 with the adjustable handover module array 12700 shown in Figure 12 has beenCongruence effect.

In Figure 12, diffraction grating 1230 is transmission-type grating, and incident light and diffraction light lay respectively at the light of its both sidesGrid. In actual applications, can use reflection-type grating, incident light and diffraction light all replace transmission at the grating of the same sideType grating, thus light path is folded and significantly dwindle its size, as shown in Figure 14. Reflecting grating 1400 is replaced transmitted lightAfter grid 1230, be Z axis negative direction diffraction to the same side by incident light, be equivalent to whole light path taking point diffraction as symmetric points are along ZDirection of principal axis folds. After light path folding, the second lens 1220 are because overlapping and be omitted with first lens 1210, first lensIn 1210 light paths after folding, role is equivalent to the effect of folding the first two lens. And adjustable handover module array(taking integrated adjustable handover module array 1300 as example) is reversed and moves on to the left side of first lens 1210 after folding, towardsZ axis positive direction, and its mirror surface overlaps with the focal plane, left side of first lens 1210. Input and output array 800 and deciliterIts Z axis coordinate is constant near adjustable handover module array 1300 for 900 of modules, the end face of input and output array 800 still withThe focal plane, left side of first lens 1210 overlaps, and its X-axis coordinate can be according to adjustable handover module array after light path foldingThe angle of diffraction of 1300 size and reflecting grating 1400 is adjusted, and does not affect the validity of 4F system. It is easy to show that, attachedThe no matter light path in X-Z plane or in Y-Z plane of the optical routing device of the Wavelength-selective after folding shown in Figure 14Light path, all with the optical routing device light path of the Wavelength-selective shown in Figure 12 be completely equivalence, concrete process is no longerRepeat. The optical routing device of the Wavelength-selective after folding is still a 4F system, and its length in Z-direction is by 4F(four focal length of first lens 1210) shorten to 2F (two focal length of first lens 1210).

In like manner, as shown in Figure 15, can replace first lens 1210 with spherical reflector and come shown in accompanying drawing 14Select the light path of the optical routing device of wavelength further to fold. The optical surface 1501 of spherical reflector 1500 is a ballFace, its surface is coated with highly reflecting films, when incident light is reflected, also light beam is had the work of conversion as lensWith. The spherical radius of spherical reflector 1500 is the twice of the focal length F of first lens 1210, and its equivalent focal length is spherical radius1/2nd, equate with the focal length F of first lens 1210. And its focus is positioned at sphere left side, apart from the position of sphere summit FPut, therefore its focal plane overlaps with the focal plane of original first lens 1210.

Use spherical reflector 1500 to replace after the first lens 1210 in accompanying drawing 14, the light of the selection wavelength shown in Figure 14The light path of route device by taking first lens 1210 present positions as symmetric points, folds again along Z-direction. Folding againPoststack reflecting grating 1400 has also been moved on the focal plane, left side of spherical reflector 1500, and its optical surface is reversed, and becomes faceTo Z axis positive direction. And the Z axis coordinate of adjustable handover module array 1300, input and output array 800 and deciliter module 1300 does not all haveChange, the optical routing device of the selective light wavelength after therefore again folding is still a 4F system, and it is in Z-directionLength is foreshortened to F again, as shown in Figure 15. Similarly, the optical routing device of selective light wavelength shown in accompanying drawing 15 no matterLight path in X-Z plane or the light path in Y-Z plane, all with the optical routing of the selective light wavelength shown in accompanying drawing 12 fillPutting light path is equivalence completely, and detailed process is not repeated.

It is pointed out that adjustable handover module array 1300, input and output array 800 (and corresponding deciliter module900) and the position of reflecting grating 1400 and relativeness revocable, can according to the angle of diffraction of reflecting grating 1400 withAnd the size of modules is adjusted. And as long as keep their Z axis coordinate constant, keep the validity of 4F system, choosingThe light path of selecting the optical routing device of optical wavelength is just still equal to original light path.

The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention. AllWithin the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included in protection of the present inventionWithin scope.

Claims

1. a method for translation polarised light, is characterized in that, described method comprises:

Utilize the first light polarization modulator to switch the polarization state of polarised light, utilize afterwards the first light beam translation sheet that described polarised light is existedThe variation that variation in polarization state is converted on locus obtains the first translation rear polarizer light;

This first translation rear polarizer light is switched after polarization state by the second light polarization modulator, order incide the second light beam translation sheet andOptical rotation plate, then utilizes speculum to be reflected, thereby is again incident to described optical rotation plate by the polarization state rotation 90 of polarised lightDegree;

The variation in polarization state is converted on propagation path by postrotational polarised light to utilize described the second light beam translation sheetVariation obtain the second translation rear polarizer light, utilize afterwards described the second light polarization modulator to switch described the second translation rear polarizer lightPolarization state, then incide in the first light beam translation sheet, then again utilize the first light polarization modulator to switch polarization polarisation of lightState.

2. the method for translation polarised light according to claim 1, is characterized in that the polarization state bag of described switching polarised lightDraw together: the polarization state of switching polarised light by changing driving voltage.

3. a device for translation polarised light, is characterized in that, described device comprises the first light polarization modulator, the second Polarization ModulationDevice, the first light beam translation sheet, the second light beam translation sheet, optical rotation plate and speculum; Wherein,

The variation in polarization state is converted into the change on propagation path by postrotational polarised light to utilize the second light beam translation sheetChange and obtain the second translation rear polarizer light, utilize afterwards described the second light polarization modulator to switch the inclined to one side of described the second translation rear polarizer lightThe state of shaking, then incide in the first light beam translation sheet, then again utilize the first light polarization modulator to switch the polarization state of polarised light.

4. the device of translation polarised light according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described the first light polarization modulator and second inclined to one sideThe modulator that shakes switches the polarization state of polarised light by changing driving voltage.