CN103183883A - High-performance hard PVC foamed plastic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-performance hard PVC foamed plastic and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103183883A
CN103183883A CN2013100882002A CN201310088200A CN103183883A CN 103183883 A CN103183883 A CN 103183883A CN 2013100882002 A CN2013100882002 A CN 2013100882002A CN 201310088200 A CN201310088200 A CN 201310088200A CN 103183883 A CN103183883 A CN 103183883A
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phmi
mma
heat
terpolymer
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齐暑华
马莉娜
程博
杨莎
何栋
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to high-performance hard PVC foamed plastic and a preparation method thereof. The high-performance hard PVC foamed plastic is technically characterized by comprising the following components: 100 parts of polrvinyl chloride (PVC), 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of activated calcium carbonate, and 5-30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecule heat-resisting modifier. The preparation method of the high-performance hard PVC foamed plastic comprises the following steps: stirring and uniformly mixing after metering PVC, the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecule heat-resisting modifier, the foaming agents and processing agents according to formula, and carrying out compression molding in a two-step method. The high-performance hard PVC foamed plastic is good in processing property, good in heat resistance, high in mechanical property, and low in water absorption rate and oil absorption rate; and the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecule heat-resisting modifiers is excellent in performance, has a single higher glass-transition temperature, and is good in compatibility with PVC. Meanwhile, the synthetic material is a traditional material, and is low in cost.

Description

High-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of high-performance rigid PVC foam plastic which can be applied to the aspects of aviation, aerospace, transportation and the like, belonging to the technical field of heat-resistant modification of polymers.
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is general plastic with high mechanical property, and a foam product of the PVC also has excellent properties of light weight, chemical corrosion resistance, flame retardance, rich raw material sources and the like. The production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams is third place worldwide after Polyurethane (PU) and Polystyrene (PS) foams. At present, almost all known foam molding techniques are suitable for molding polyvinyl chloride foam. However, PVC cannot be used at higher temperatures due to its poor impact resistance, thermal deformation resistance and thermal stability, which greatly limits the range of applications for PVC foams. Therefore, the preparation of high-heat-resistance and high-performance PVC foam is a great hot spot in the foam research field nowadays. The N-phenylmaleimide (PhMI) -Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) -Acrylonitrile (AN) terpolymer is a novel material developed in the later period of 80 years, compared with the traditional high-molecular heat-resistant modifier, methyl methacrylate and N-phenylmaleimide in monomer components have good compatibility, the PMMA has high glass transition temperature, AN imide plane five-membered ring rigid structure (shown in figure 1) existing in AN introduced N-phenylmaleimide molecular chain is embedded into the high-molecular chain to completely prevent a side chain from rotating around a main chain, and the molecular chain has good heat resistance, rigidity, dimensional stability and toughness. At the same time, they are well compatible with various resins, non-toxic and have good thermal stability. The molecular main chain of the PVC resin contains polar groups, and the PVC resin has certain compatibility with AN N-phenylmaleimide (PhMI) -Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) -Acrylonitrile (AN) terpolymer, and carbonyl on a five-membered ring of AN imide plane and alpha-H on PVC have the capacity of forming special interaction (hydrogen bond) and promote the compatibility, so that the processing and impact resistance can be improved while the glass transition temperature and the thermal deformation temperature of a PVC foam plastic product are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-performance rigid PVC foam plastic and a preparation method thereof, and provides a waterproof and oil-resistant rigid PVC foam plastic which can be used at a higher temperature.
Technical scheme
A high-performance rigid PVC foam plastic is characterized in that: the raw material components comprise 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 5-30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier; the parts are parts by mass.
The polyvinyl chloride is a blend of polyvinyl chloride EPVC synthesized by an emulsion method and polyvinyl chloride SPVC synthesized by a suspension method, and the ratio of the EPVC to the SPVC = 3-4: 1.
The PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of N-phenylmaleimide, 50-60% of methyl methacrylate, 10-30% of acrylonitrile, 1-2.5% of water-soluble initiator and 2-3.5% of emulsifier; in the form of an emulsion prepared by a seeded emulsion polymerization process.
The water-soluble initiator is selected from inorganic peroxide, a water-soluble redox system initiator or a water-soluble azo initiator.
The inorganic peroxide initiator is persulfate: potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, or ammonium persulfate.
A method for preparing the high-performance rigid PVC foam plastic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: putting 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 5-30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-polymer heat-resistant modifier into a container for mixing;
step 2: dispersing the mixture for 5-8 min by using a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine;
and step 3: preheating a mould to 120-130 ℃, adding the mixture into the mould, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min;
and 4, step 4: after the heat preservation is finished, heating and pressurizing to 160-170 ℃ and 8-12 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 10-20 min;
and 5: cooling to room temperature, and opening the mold to obtain a pre-foaming body;
step 6: and (3) carrying out secondary foaming on the pre-foaming body in AN oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 10-40 min to obtain the PhMI-MMA-AN/PVC foamed plastic product with uniform pore size.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a high-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic and a preparation method thereof.A base material uses a blend material of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC) synthesized by AN emulsion method and polyvinyl chloride (SPVC) synthesized by a suspension method, and adopts a high-molecular heat-resistant modifier of AN N-phenylmaleimide-methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile (PhMI-MMA-AN) terpolymer synthesized by a seed emulsion method, and the materials are fed in batches in a starvation manner. The PVC foamed plastic product finally prepared has good forming performance, fine, uniform and compact foam holes, good heat resistance, high mechanical property, low water absorption and oil absorption rate; the high-molecular heat-resistant modifier has good performance and good compatibility with PVC, and meanwhile, synthetic materials are common materials, are easy to obtain and have low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1: n-phenylmaleimide
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the examples:
in this embodiment: the polyvinyl chloride is a blend of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC) synthesized by an emulsion method and polyvinyl chloride (SPVC) synthesized by a suspension method; ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate is selected as a water-soluble initiator in the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier, the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier is prepared by adopting a seed emulsion polymerization method, a starvation feeding mode is utilized for batch feeding, and finally the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier is directly used in AN emulsion form without the working procedures of coagulation, separation, washing and the like.
Example 1
A high-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC: SPVC =3: 1); 10 parts of stearate; 23 parts of a foaming agent; 5 parts of activated calcium carbonate; 5 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier. Wherein,
the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of N-phenylmaleimide; 55% of methyl methacrylate; 20% of acrylonitrile; 1.5 percent of water-soluble initiator; 2.5 percent of emulsifier.
Example 2
A high-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC: SPVC =3: 1); 10 parts of stearate; 23 parts of a foaming agent; 5 parts of activated calcium carbonate; 15 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier. Wherein,
the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of N-phenylmaleimide; 60% of methyl methacrylate; 20% of acrylonitrile; 2% of water-soluble initiator; 2.5 percent of emulsifier.
The preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: putting 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 15 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-polymer heat-resistant modifier into a container for mixing;
step 2: dispersing the mixture for 5-8 min by using a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine;
and step 3: preheating a mould to 120-130 ℃, adding the mixture into the mould, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min;
and 4, step 4: after the heat preservation is finished, heating and pressurizing to 160-170 ℃ and 8-12 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 10-20 min;
and 5: cooling to room temperature, and opening the mold to obtain a pre-foaming body;
step 6: and (3) carrying out secondary foaming on the pre-foaming body in AN oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 10-40 min to obtain the PhMI-MMA-AN/PVC foamed plastic product with uniform pore size.
Example 3
A high-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC: SPVC =3: 1); 10 parts of stearate; 23 parts of a foaming agent; 5 parts of activated calcium carbonate; 20 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier. Wherein,
the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of N-phenylmaleimide; 55% of methyl methacrylate; 20% of acrylonitrile; 1.5 percent of water-soluble initiator; 2.5 percent of emulsifier.
The preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: putting 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 20 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier into a container for mixing;
step 2: dispersing the mixture for 5-8 min by using a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine;
and step 3: preheating a mould to 120-130 ℃, adding the mixture into the mould, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min;
and 4, step 4: after the heat preservation is finished, heating and pressurizing to 160-170 ℃ and 8-12 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 10-20 min;
and 5: cooling to room temperature, and opening the mold to obtain a pre-foaming body;
step 6: and (3) carrying out secondary foaming on the pre-foaming body in AN oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 10-40 min to obtain the PhMI-MMA-AN/PVC foamed plastic product with uniform pore size.
Example 4
A high-performance rigid PVC foamed plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride (EPVC: SPVC =3: 1); 10 parts of stearate; 23 parts of a foaming agent; 5 parts of activated calcium carbonate; 30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier. Wherein,
the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of N-phenylmaleimide; 60% of methyl methacrylate; 20% of acrylonitrile; 2% of water-soluble initiator; 2.5 percent of emulsifier.
The preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: putting 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier into a container for mixing;
step 2: dispersing the mixture for 5-8 min by using a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine;
and step 3: preheating a mould to 120-130 ℃, adding the mixture into the mould, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min;
and 4, step 4: after the heat preservation is finished, heating and pressurizing to 160-170 ℃ and 8-12 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 10-20 min;
and 5: cooling to room temperature, and opening the mold to obtain a pre-foaming body;
step 6: and (3) carrying out secondary foaming on the pre-foaming body in AN oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 10-40 min to obtain the PhMI-MMA-AN/PVC foamed plastic product with uniform pore size.

Claims (6)

1. A high-performance rigid PVC foam plastic is characterized in that: the raw material components comprise 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 5-30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier; the parts are parts by mass.
2. The high performance rigid PVC foam according to claim 1, wherein: the polyvinyl chloride is a blend of polyvinyl chloride EPVC synthesized by an emulsion method and polyvinyl chloride SPVC synthesized by a suspension method, and the ratio of the EPVC to the SPVC = 3-4: 1.
3. The high performance rigid PVC foam according to claim 1, wherein: the PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-molecular heat-resistant modifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of N-phenylmaleimide, 50-60% of methyl methacrylate, 10-30% of acrylonitrile, 1-2.5% of water-soluble initiator and 2-3.5% of emulsifier; in the form of an emulsion prepared by a seeded emulsion polymerization process.
4. The high performance rigid PVC foam according to claim 3, wherein: the water-soluble initiator is selected from inorganic peroxide, a water-soluble redox system initiator or a water-soluble azo initiator.
5. The high performance rigid PVC foam according to claim 4, wherein: the inorganic peroxide initiator is persulfate: potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, or ammonium persulfate.
6. A method for preparing the high-performance rigid PVC foam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps:
step 1: putting 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 10 parts of stearate, 23 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of active calcium carbonate and 5-30 parts of PhMI-MMA-AN terpolymer high-polymer heat-resistant modifier into a container for mixing;
step 2: dispersing the mixture for 5-8 min by using a high-speed shearing dispersion emulsifying machine;
and step 3: preheating a mould to 120-130 ℃, adding the mixture into the mould, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min;
and 4, step 4: after the heat preservation is finished, heating and pressurizing to 160-170 ℃ and 8-12 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 10-20 min;
and 5: cooling to room temperature, and opening the mold to obtain a pre-foaming body;
step 6: and (3) carrying out secondary foaming on the pre-foaming body in AN oven at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 10-40 min to obtain the PhMI-MMA-AN/PVC foamed plastic product with uniform pore size.
CN2013100882002A 2013-03-19 2013-03-19 High-performance hard PVC foamed plastic and preparation method thereof Pending CN103183883A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104693647A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-06-10 苏州市神龙门窗有限公司 Environment-friendly corrosion-resistant PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) section bar for closed door and window and preparation method thereof
CN112111111A (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-22 亿利生态科技有限责任公司 Special material for PVC heat-resistant foamed product, product and preparation method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0596614A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-20 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Vacuum forming transfer sheet, transferring method and in-mold decorated article
CN101531793A (en) * 2009-04-20 2009-09-16 四川大学 Heat-resistant polyvinyl chloride alloy material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0596614A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-20 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Vacuum forming transfer sheet, transferring method and in-mold decorated article
CN101531793A (en) * 2009-04-20 2009-09-16 四川大学 Heat-resistant polyvinyl chloride alloy material and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LITING YANG等: "Mechanical Properties and Rheological Behavior of PVC Blended With Terpolymers Containing N-Phenylmaleimide", 《JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY》, vol. 8, no. 2, 30 June 2002 (2002-06-30), pages 151 - 158 *
马莉娜等: "PhMI-St-AN耐热改性剂的合成及与PVC的共混发泡", 《工程塑料应用》, vol. 40, no. 3, 31 March 2012 (2012-03-31), pages 86 - 89 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104693647A (en) * 2015-03-20 2015-06-10 苏州市神龙门窗有限公司 Environment-friendly corrosion-resistant PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) section bar for closed door and window and preparation method thereof
CN112111111A (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-22 亿利生态科技有限责任公司 Special material for PVC heat-resistant foamed product, product and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20130703