CN103177143A - Artificial electromagnetic material design method - Google Patents
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- CN103177143A CN103177143A CN201110439889XA CN201110439889A CN103177143A CN 103177143 A CN103177143 A CN 103177143A CN 201110439889X A CN201110439889X A CN 201110439889XA CN 201110439889 A CN201110439889 A CN 201110439889A CN 103177143 A CN103177143 A CN 103177143A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial electromagnetic material design method. The method comprises the following steps of initializing to generate x crystal lattices, encoding the size S1 of each crystal lattice and the size S2 of each crystal lattice to synthesize a piece of chromosome, establishing a fitness function according to expected values, respectively calculating a fitness value of each piece of chromosome, choosing former y pieces of chromosome with the fitness values from high to low as y pieces of parent chromosome, mutually exchanging self partial chromosome to derivate y pieces of filial generation chromosome, calculating fitness values of the y pieces of filial generation chromosome, judging whether the fitness values reach to a preset threshold value, and choosing filial generation chromosome corresponding to the fitness values to anti-code to generate new two-dimensional size S1' and size S2' in judging whether the fitness values reach to the preset threshold value. The fitness function is used for calculating the fitness values of the chromosome. The artificial electromagnetic material design method uses the genetic algorithm principle to quickly search for the optimal two-dimensional size S1 and size S2 so as to improve design efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial electromagnetic material field, particularly relate to a kind of artificial electromagnetic material method for designing.
Background technology
When project organization parameter (as two-dimensional) is pressed the artificial electromagnetic material of specific rule variation, for the diverse location on substrate, need to place the lattice (least unit of artificial electromagnetic material is lattice) of specific refractive index on this position, therefore, need to screen the different lattice of two-dimensional, its specific two-dimensional by expectation is placed on the correspondence position of substrate.Wherein, the size of lattice two-dimensional is corresponding with parameters such as its refractive indexes.
In prior art, the general particle filter algorithm that adopts designs artificial electromagnetic material, such as lattice is arranged from small to large according to its two-dimensional, then screen according to the response of each lattice, in the hope of its optimal objective, at this moment, adopt particle filter algorithm can be faster according to the direction of motion of the situation real-time update particle (corresponding to lattice) of the response of the overall situation, thereby to the optimal objective convergence of the overall situation.But, often ignored the otherness of particle in selecting the process of particle, local convergence easily occurs, and can't obtain optimal objective (being the lattice of response optimum), and the artificial electromagnetic material that can't obtain expecting.
How avoiding in screening process owing to local convergence occurring, cause obtaining the situation of the two-dimensional of response optimum, is the technical matters that the art is needed solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mainly provides a kind of artificial electromagnetic material method for designing, can effectively solve the problems of the technologies described above.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of artificial electromagnetic material method for designing is provided, this artificial electromagnetic material comprises lattice, the two-dimensional of this lattice is S1 size and S2 size, the method comprises the following steps: initialization generates x lattice, S1 size and the S2 size of each this lattice are encoded and be merged into item chromosome, form x bar chromosome with this; Set up fitness function according to expectation value, wherein, this fitness function is used for calculating chromosomal fitness value; Calculate respectively every chromosomal fitness value; Choose front y bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y bar " child chromosome "; Return to the step that this calculates respectively every chromosomal fitness value, calculating the fitness value of this y bar " child chromosome ", and judge whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold; When determining fitness value and reach predetermined threshold, choose this fitness value corresponding " child chromosome " and carry out Gray code to produce new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 '.
Wherein, this y bar " parent chromosome " matches and the chromosome dyad of exchange oneself mutually also comprises afterwards with the step that derives y bar " child chromosome ": this y bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, then, return to this and utilize this step of calculating respectively every chromosomal fitness value, with the fitness value of the y bar " child chromosome " that calculates the variation of this process.
Wherein, the step that makes a variation respectively at this y bar " child chromosome " comprises: should make a variation by " child chromosome " numerical value on certain node, and/or change numerical value corresponding on different nodes.
Wherein, the chromosome dyad that matches and mutually exchange oneself at this y bar " parent chromosome " comprises with the step that derives y bar " child chromosome ": during this y bar " parent chromosome " pairing, two of pairing should " parent chromosome " random combine in this " front y bar chromosome that fitness value is arranged from high to low ".
Wherein, at this, S1 size of each this lattice and S2 size are encoded and the step that is merged into item chromosome comprises: by sexadecimal, this S1 size and S2 size are encoded.
Wherein, the step of at this, S1 size of each this lattice and S2 size being encoded and being merged into item chromosome comprises: this size S1 and size S2 are encoded into respectively the sexadecimal numerical value of 16, after this S1 size and S2 size were encoded and be merged into item chromosome, this chromosome was the sexadecimal numerical value of 32.
Wherein, judge to comprise after whether fitness value has reached the step of predetermined threshold at this: if when determining fitness value and not reaching predetermined threshold, again choose front y ' bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y ' bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y ' bar " child chromosome ", calculate the fitness value of this y ' bar " child chromosome ", and judge again whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold.
Wherein, this y ' bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange also comprise after deriving y ' bar " child chromosome " step: this y ' bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, then, return to the step that this calculates respectively every chromosomal fitness value, with the fitness value of the y ' bar " child chromosome " that calculates the variation of this process.
Wherein, carry out Gray code with the step that produces new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ' after, also comprise: record this two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ', in order to choosing lattice corresponding to this two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 '.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: be different from the situation of prior art, the artificial electromagnetic material method for designing of the present invention is utilized the principle of genetic algorithm, and search quickly obtains two-dimensional S1 ' and the S2 ' of fitness value optimum.The present invention has effectively solved and has occurred the problem of local convergence in the particle filter algorithm due to the otherness of particle, has improved design efficiency, thereby can realize large-scale industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the first embodiment schematic flow sheet of the artificial electromagnetic material method for designing of the present invention; And
Fig. 2 is the second embodiment schematic flow sheet of the artificial electromagnetic material method for designing of the present invention.
Embodiment
The artificial electromagnetic material method for designing of the present invention is the principle of genetic algorithm due to what adopt, therefore in the process of search optimum solution, the definition of quoting genetic algorithm is described, for example sexadecimal numerical value is defined as item chromosome, the change of numerical value and change that correspondence is defined as variation etc., other guide also defines according to this principle.Below in conjunction with its specific embodiment, inventor's geosynthetics method for designing is explained in detail.
See also Fig. 1, first embodiment of the invention.
Artificial electromagnetic material generally comprises lattice, and the two-dimensional of this lattice is S1 size and S2 size, and this artificial electromagnetic material method for designing comprises:
Steps A 101, initialization generates x lattice, and S1 size and the S2 size of each this lattice are encoded and be merged into item chromosome, forms x bar chromosome with this;
Steps A 102 is set up fitness function according to expectation value, and wherein, this fitness function is used for calculating chromosomal fitness value;
Steps A 103 is calculated respectively every chromosomal fitness value;
Steps A 104, choose front y bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y bar " child chromosome ";
Steps A 105 is returned to this and is utilized this fitness function to calculate the step of chromosomal fitness value, calculating the fitness value of this y bar " child chromosome ", and judges whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold;
Steps A 106 when determining fitness value and reach predetermined threshold, is chosen this fitness value corresponding " child chromosome " and carries out Gray code to produce new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ';
Wherein, x and y are natural number.
Below in conjunction with example, the artificial electromagnetic material method for designing of the present invention is further described.
In steps A 101, suppose the two-dimensional S1=3.13 of some lattices, S2=2.21, it is encoded into one group of character string with certain-length according to sexadecimal etc. with it, be for example 40090a3d70a3d70a after the S1 coding, S2 is 4001ae147ae147ae, and is last, and synthetic " chromosome " of the two-dimensional of this lattice is: 40090a3d70a3d70a4001ae147ae147ae or 4001ae147ae147ae40090a3d70a3d70a.Certainly, can also express with other system numbers, such as scale-of-two and scale-of-eight etc., be not construed as limiting at this.
In steps A 102, this expectation value is the expectation value of its refractive index of aforesaid expression or other parameters, finding refractive index such as hope is 1.2 lattice, its corresponding chromosome that exists one or more two-dimensional to meet its requirement, so need to set up emulation in the hope of its fitness, then select the corresponding two-dimensional of the higher chromosome of fitness value to select lattice.Simultaneously, also there is the another one possibility, after exactly S1 size and S2 size being encoded for the first time, namely obtain the highest chromosome of fitness value, step 104 and step 105 can be omitted, yet the correctness in order to ensure result, follow-up step 104 and step 105 can be used as checkout procedure, particularly, if coding namely produces optimum chromosome for the first time, its derivative " child chromosome " also can turn back to the chromosomal position of this optimum gradually, again to obtain this optimum chromosome.
in steps A 104, if wherein higher " the parent chromosome " of fitness value is 40070a3d70a3d70a4001ae147ae147ae, another is that fitness value higher " parent chromosome " is 40070a3d70a3d70a4002bc258ac139ee, match and exchange reciprocity a certain section, such as " 4001ae147ae " of article one and " 4002bc258ac " of second are exchanged, after the exchange, corresponding derivative article one " child chromosome " is 40070a3d70a3d70a4002bc258ac147ae, relatively, derivative second " child chromosome " is 40070a3d70a3d70a4001ae147ae139ee.Certainly, be not that the higher chromosome of fitness value must become " parent chromosome ", just probability is relatively large, is similar to tournament principle (contest principle, or survival of the fittest in natural selection principle) and selects; And also there is the possibility that becomes " parent chromosome " in the lower chromosome of other fitness values, to find as much as possible more excellent chromosome and the action that derives.Simultaneously, article two, " parent chromosome " match the exchange process, the node of its exchange is random, and when pairing, two parent chromosomes of pairing are also any two parent chromosomes of random combine in this " front y bar chromosome that fitness value is arranged from high to low ".
Further, also there are the possibility of carrying out at random from variation in " parent chromosome " and " child chromosome ", and for example a certain chromosome is, then, its " 40080a3 " meristic variation is " 41280a0 "; Perhaps, its " a3e60a3 " part and " 147ae13 " part reversing of position.Certainly, this just gives an example to some that make a variation, and also comprises other modes, in the scope that the art personnel understand, does not give unnecessary details.
In step 105, this predetermined threshold can be artificial the setting, also can change according to actual, furthermore, also can not set predetermined threshold, but circulate by setting between step 103 and step 104, after being recycled to certain number of times (such as 10 times), step 105 is so long as select the highest chromosome of fitness value to get final product.
In step 106, for example chromosome " 40080a3e60a3d80a4021ae147ae139ee " surpasses the chromosome of the optimum of predetermined threshold for fitness value, after it is carried out Gray code, S1 ' is of a size of 2.89, S2 is of a size of 3.11, on the position of the lattice that will obtain this two-dimensional with the counterpart substrate that is placed into synthetic material.
By the present embodiment, utilize the principle of genetic algorithm, search quickly obtains two-dimensional S1 ' and the S2 ' of fitness value optimum, has improved design efficiency, thereby can realize large-scale industrialized production.
See also Fig. 2, second embodiment of the invention.
In the present embodiment, this artificial electromagnetic material method for designing comprises:
Steps A 201, initialization generates x lattice, by sexadecimal, S1 size and the S2 size of each this lattice is encoded and is merged into item chromosome, forms x bar chromosome with this;
Steps A 202 is set up fitness function according to expectation value, utilizes this fitness function to calculate chromosomal fitness value;
Steps A 203 judges whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold, if "Yes", if execution in step A204 is "No" execution in step A206;
Steps A 204 is chosen chromosome corresponding to fitness value and is carried out Gray code to produce new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ';
Steps A 205 records this two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ', and in order to choosing lattice corresponding to this two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ', flow process finishes.
Steps A 206, choose front y bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y bar " child chromosome ", then, return to steps A 201 or execution in step A207;
Steps A 207, this y bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, returns to steps A 202.
As previously mentioned, in the present embodiment, x and y all belong to natural number, and x 〉=y.
In this steps A 201, suppose the two-dimensional S1=3.13 of certain lattice, S2=2.21, it is encoded into one group of character string with certain-length according to sexadecimal etc. with it, be for example 40090a3d70a3d70a after the S1 coding, S2 is 4001ae147ae147ae, and is last, and synthetic " chromosome " of the two-dimensional of this lattice is: the sexadecimal numerical value of 40090a3d70a3d70a4001ae147ae147ae or 4001ae147ae147ae40090a3d70a3d70a.Certainly, can also express with other system numbers, such as scale-of-two and scale-of-eight etc., be not construed as limiting at this.
Compare with the first embodiment, the advantage of the present embodiment is, after calculating for the first time fitness value, enter steps A 203 to judge whether fitness value reaches predetermined threshold, if reached predetermined threshold, can dispense steps A 206 and steps A 207, improved design efficiency.
In the cyclic process of steps A 207, following situation may appear in steps A 203:
If when determining fitness value and not reaching predetermined threshold, again choose front y ' bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y ' bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y ' bar " child chromosome ", calculate the fitness value of this y ' bar " child chromosome ", and judge again whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold; Further, if this y ' bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, then, returning to this utilizes this fitness function to calculate the step of chromosomal fitness value, with the fitness value of the y ' bar " child chromosome " that calculates the variation of this process, wherein, y ' is natural number and y '≤y.Certainly, if this cyclic process reaches certain number of times, can interrupt intelligently, and from new execution in step A201, this is only to illustrate and also non-limiting, therefore not to repeat here.
In addition, its principle of work of specific implementation process of the present invention sees also the first described principle of work of embodiment, in the scope that the art personnel understand, repeats no more.
By the present embodiment, utilize the principle of genetic algorithm, search quickly obtains two-dimensional S1 ' and the S2 ' of fitness value optimum, has improved design efficiency, thereby can realize large-scale industrialized production.
In an embodiment of the present invention, all to seek optimum solution for the two-dimensional of the lattice of synthetic material, but also can be for other parameters, for example loss, refractive index and volume etc., its specific works principle process is substantially the same, the specific embodiment of the invention just is described for two-dimensional, but is not limited to this.
The above is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. artificial electromagnetic material method for designing, described artificial electromagnetic material comprises lattice, the two-dimensional of described lattice is S1 size and S2 size, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Initialization generates x lattice, and S1 size and the S2 size of each described lattice are encoded and be merged into item chromosome, forms x bar chromosome with this;
Set up fitness function according to expectation value, wherein, described fitness function is used for calculating chromosomal fitness value;
Calculate respectively every chromosomal fitness value;
Choose front y bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y bar " child chromosome ";
Return to the described step of calculating respectively every chromosomal fitness value, calculating the fitness value of described y bar " child chromosome ", and judge whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold;
When determining fitness value and reach predetermined threshold, choose described fitness value corresponding " child chromosome " and carry out Gray code to produce new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 '.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described y bar " parent chromosome " also comprises after matching and mutually exchange the step of chromosome dyad with derivative y bar " child chromosome " of oneself:
Described y bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, then, returns to the described step of calculating respectively every chromosomal fitness value, to calculate the described fitness value that passes through the y bar " child chromosome " of variation.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the step that makes a variation respectively at described y bar " child chromosome " comprises:
Described " child chromosome " numerical value on certain node makes a variation, and/or changes numerical value corresponding on different nodes.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described y bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange comprise with the step that derives y bar " child chromosome ":
During described y bar " parent chromosome " pairing, two described " parent chromosomes " of pairing are random combine in described " the front y bar chromosome that fitness value is arranged from high to low ".
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, encodes and the step that is merged into item chromosome comprises in described S1 size with each described lattice and S2 size:
By sexadecimal, described S1 size and S2 size are encoded.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, encodes and the step that is merged into item chromosome comprises in described S1 size with each described lattice and S2 size:
Described size S1 and size S2 are encoded into respectively the sexadecimal numerical value of 16, and after described S1 size and S2 size were encoded and be merged into item chromosome, described chromosome was the sexadecimal numerical value of 32.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described judge after whether fitness value has reached the step of predetermined threshold comprise:
If when determining fitness value and not reaching predetermined threshold, again choose front y ' bar chromosome that fitness value arranges from high to low as y ' bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange to derive y ' bar " child chromosome ", calculate the fitness value of described y ' bar " child chromosome ", and judge again whether fitness value has reached predetermined threshold.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described y ' bar " parent chromosome " and match and mutually the own chromosome dyad of exchange also comprise after deriving y ' bar " child chromosome " step:
Described y ' bar " child chromosome " makes a variation respectively, then, returns to the described step of calculating respectively every chromosomal fitness value, to calculate the described fitness value that passes through the y ' bar " child chromosome " of variation.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carry out Gray code with the step that produces new two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ' after, also comprise:
Record described two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 ', in order to choosing lattice corresponding to described two-dimensional S1 ' and S2 '.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103928764A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 东南大学 | Multi-bit electromagnetic coding metamaterial |
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| US20060145787A1 (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-06 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Super-resolution optical components and left-handed materials thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103928764A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 东南大学 | Multi-bit electromagnetic coding metamaterial |
| CN103928764B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of many bits electromagnetism coding Meta Materials |
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Application publication date: 20130626 |