CN103175699B - Rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing - Google Patents
Rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing of the present invention, a kind of brand-new through engineering approaches testing scheme is proposed, namely the outer near field noise of high-speed cruising lower railway vehicle car is tested out exactly, identify the route of transmission of rail vehicle noise and the distribution of vehicle interior sound field, the vibration and noise reducing Design and manufacture of rail vehicle is provided to the test basis of stronger specific aim and practicality.Rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing sets up multiple mutually different section according to noise source and body construction feature, and each section is independently two-dimensional acoustic field; On each section, select or several in the vibration of test carriage external noise, body oscillating, trim panel, car near field noise and car internal standard spot noise; When test carriage internal standard spot noise Lp, car body section is divided into roof, top, side, side wall, manger board, region, five, floor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method of testing being applied to rail vehicle noise source and route of transmission when circuit runs, and belongs to technical field of rail traffic.
Background technology
Current track vehicle noise is tested mainly for the purpose of vehicle is checked and accepted, and in car, seating area test is apart from the standard point of floor 1200mm, tests the standard point apart from floor 1600mm by platform and passageway district; Car tests test respectively outward apart from the standard point of orbit centre 25m and 7.5m.Although such noise testing method can the aggregate level of more objective reaction rail vehicle internal car noise and vehicle radiating noise, cannot reflect the noise source characteristic of rail vehicle, noise to the propagation characteristic in car, vehicle partial structurtes actual effect of vibration and noise reduction etc. for rail vehicle Design and manufacture vital content.
Because the travelling speed of rail vehicle is very high, all at more than 200km/h, even reach the speed of 350km/h or higher, car body surface is very violent by the disturbance of air-flow, therefore car body surface near field noise and wheel-rail noise test and comparison difficulty.In addition due to the vehicle structure of rail vehicle complexity, add the difficulty of noise transmission approach and the identification of vehicle interior sound field distribution characteristics.
In view of this, special proposition present patent application.
Summary of the invention
Rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing of the present invention, its object is to solve defect that above-mentioned prior art exists and propose a kind of brand-new through engineering approaches testing scheme, namely the outer near field noise of high-speed cruising lower railway vehicle car is tested out exactly, identify the route of transmission of rail vehicle noise and the distribution of vehicle interior sound field, the vibration and noise reducing Design and manufacture of rail vehicle is provided to the test basis of stronger specific aim and practicality.
For achieving the above object, described rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing as follows in:
Set up multiple mutually different section according to noise source and body construction feature, each section is independently two-dimensional acoustic field;
On each section, select or several in the vibration of test carriage external noise, body oscillating, trim panel, car near field noise and car internal standard spot noise;
When test carriage internal standard spot noise Lp, car body section is divided into roof, top, side, side wall, manger board, region, five, floor, sound pressure level is designated as Lp respectively
roof, Lp
roll, Lp
side wall, Lp
manger board, Lp
floorif there is multiple measuring point at each position, then get the average of multiple measuring point, mean value is calculated as follows:
On each section, above-mentioned five sound sources are all by line source process, and line source length is designated as A respectively
roof,a
roll, A
side wall, A
manger board, A
floor, standard point noise is designated as Lp, by following formula
Then obtain car internal standard spot noise Lp occurrence.
As above-mentioned basic scheme, accurately to test out vehicle interior sound field distribution under friction speed running status, car body surface aerodynamic noise, wheel-rail noise, noise of equipment etc., thus grasp the noise source of high speed railway car, identify noise transmission approach.
According to high speed railway car noise source and architectural characteristic, test zone can be divided into six large typical sections.The distribution of noise sources of high speed railway car is uneven, and during high-speed cruising, pantograph noise is the most outstanding, is secondly wheel-rail noise, junction, workshop noise, car body surface noise.Which results in end, guest room noise higher, in the middle part of guest room, noise is relatively low.
According to this feature, section noise source and the architectural characteristic of internal car noise test are as shown in the table,
| Section title | Noise source and design feature |
| Section in the middle part of guest room | Noise of equipment (transformer/current transformer/air-conditioning etc.) under aerodynamic noise, car |
| End, guest room section | Wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise |
| Pantograph district section | Pantograph noise, wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise |
| By platform section | Wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise, junction, workshop noise |
| Sight-seeing area section | Headstock curved portion, aerodynamic noise are comparatively large, car body is individual layer gusset |
| Cab section | Headstock curved portion, aerodynamic noise are comparatively large, wheel-rail noise |
By improving the solid test effect of institute's divisions interior space, the formation three-dimensional sound field that two adjacent sections can be combined distributes.
For the test result of above-mentioned car internal standard spot noise Lp, also can receive the testing scheme of following route of transmission distribution further, namely based on many group measured data results of measuring, third-octave spectrum analysis and overall sound pressure level analysis is carried out, by the factor to affect C of above sound pressure level Lp to car internal standard point
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5, to determine noise through which region imports in car.
Improvement and preferred version for pass-by noise test be, obtains the noise at equipment compartment position under roof, side tip circle arc, side wall, car, and on such position each layout 1 sound pressure sensor.
Further, test body oscillating and trim panel vibration are rumble spectrum characteristic and vibration transmissibility in order to analyze both, the test point can installing sound pressure sensor is arranged in the junction of trim panel and car body and the peak value place of trim panel and body construction mode, to determine the noise source of structural eigenvector in conjunction with model analysis.
Internal car noise test should take into account near field noise and standard point noise, as sound pressure sensor need be arranged respectively in the standard point of 1200mm and 1600mm specified altitude, Internal decorative roof plate near field, side wall near field, near field, floor, especially should test at floor and side wall junction (i.e. manger board region) and side wall and roof junction (i.e. circular arc sector, top, side).
And, along car body center line, in half region of each section, arrange sound pressure sensor and test.
To sum up content, described rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, based on the division that present invention achieves noise representative region and section, thus comparatively comprehensively rail vehicle noise and vibration characteristic can be obtained with relatively less test volume;
2, realize the mobile array of internal car noise scanning section, the switching between different section can be realized easily and fast, save the test duration, ensure the consistance of measurement condition;
3, there is the research functions such as noise transfer path analysis, vibration and noise reducing structure verification, Noise Sources Identification, take into account again car internal standard point and assessed such comprehensive evaluation sexual function, thus be total noise in rail vehicle controls, vibration and noise reducing structural design and checking provide science guidance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Now in conjunction with the following drawings the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is the car body comparison diagram dividing typical section;
Fig. 4 is profile scanning array test arrangenent diagram;
Fig. 5 is that car internal standard spot noise controls Orientation schematic diagram.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, section 1 in the middle part of guest room, end, guest room section 2, pantograph district section 3, by platform section 4, sight-seeing area section 5, cab section 6.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, described rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing, mark off particularly by body construction and function division section 1 in the middle part of guest room, end, guest room section 2, pantograph district section 3, by platform section 4, sight-seeing area section 5 and cab section 6.
Above-mentioned 6 test sections can reflect the distribution character of rail vehicle noise substantially.Arrange according to car plane, if to wait for bus, the special vehicle such as VIP car, and when vehicle structure has a larger change, can increase and test section by corresponding position onboard.If when the time allows, in the middle part of guest room, increase test section between section and end, guest room section, can further improve the precision of analysis.
As shown in Figure 4, according to description and the author unit one belongs to product performance of this method summary of the invention, profile scanning array test arrangenent diagram is devised.This section realizes near field noise and car internal standard spot noise test function simultaneously in the outer near field noise of car, body oscillating, trim panel vibration, car.
The outer near field noise of car is divided into noise under car body surface aerodynamic noise and car.Car body surface aerodynamic noise adopts the test of plane microphone, plane microphone adhesive tape is fixed on the exemplary position of car body surface, because plane microphone is very thin, less to the disturbance of air-flow, thus can obtain the noise that vehicle operating is car body surface comparatively accurately.Car body surface noise mainly arranges roof W1, side tip circle arc W2, side wall W3, manger board district W4 tetra-measuring points.
The mode that under car, noise can adopt high-intensity microphone to wear nose cone or windproof ball is measured, each section arranges a measuring point W5, because wheel track side does not have blocking of skirtboard, microphone affects very large by train running speed, rationally need determine the direction of microphone during point layout, test result more accurately could be obtained.
Body oscillating test fundamental purpose, for analyzing vibration transmissibility, is therefore vibrated body oscillating measuring point and is mainly arranged near the Connection Block with trim panel; According to trim panel plate link position, roof arranges 3 measuring point V1 ~ V3, and side wall arranges 3 measuring point V4 ~ V6, and 4 measuring point V7 ~ V10 are arranged on floor;
Trim panel vibration-testing is arranged will ensure top board, side top board, wallboard, manger board, the vibration on floor can measure.3 measuring point V11 ~ V13 arranged by top board, and 1 measuring point V21 arranged by side top board, and 3 measuring point V14 ~ V15 arranged by wallboard, and manger board 1 measuring point V16,4 measuring point V17 ~ V20 are arranged on floor.
Internal car noise array scanning section is a kind of near field acoustic holography method of testing.Section array is divided into acoustic pressure section and sound intensity section, takes full advantage of the advantage of sound pressure method and sound intensity technique, and the mode that both employings combine is carried out.Sound pressure method is based on inclined odd value analysis principle, has calculated amount little, can the improvement of Accurate Prediction parts on the impact of pass-by noise; Sound intensity technique measures based on acoustic pressure gradient change, utilizes the directional property of sound intensity probe, accurately can identify the route of transmission of noise.The section of test arranges 13 sound pressure sensors (as shown in Figure 5) altogether, and wherein roof 4 S10 ~ S13, side wall 3 S7 are the test point S2 of distance floor 1200mm, each 1 of the standard point apart from the test point S1 of floor 1600mm also.Except 2 standard point R1, R2, all the other each measuring points are 150mm apart from the distance on interior trim surface.
Described method of testing can carry out evaluation and the analysis of car internal standard spot noise.Railroad coach internal noise limit value is defined by GB/T 12816 " railroad coach internal noise limit value and measuring method ", section array as shown in Figure 4 arranges 1200mm and 1600mm two standard points, with the measurement numerical value of these two points, after carrying out A weighted, internal car noise can be evaluated and whether meet standard-required.
Carry out car internal standard spot noise and control Orientation, as shown in Figure 5, car body section is divided into roof, top, side, side wall, manger board, region, five, floor, sound pressure level is designated as Lp respectively
roof, Lp
roll,lp
side wall, Lp
manger board, Lp
floorif there is multiple measuring point at each position, then get the average of multiple measuring point, mean value is calculated as follows:
On each section, above-mentioned five sound sources are all by line source process, and line source length is designated as A respectively
roof, A
roll, A
side wall, A
manger board, A
floor, standard point noise is designated as Lp, then
According to a large amount of measured datas, carry out third-octave spectrum analysis and overall sound pressure level analysis, the sound pressure level Lp in each face can be counted to the factor to affect C of car internal standard point with above-mentioned formula
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5.Thus can determine which region to carry out vibration and noise reducing process to, can more effective control criterion spot noise, good directive function is played to vibration and noise reducing direction.
Sound Insulation for Structure index decomposition is the important content of railway vehicle vibration damping noise-reducing design, therefore can realize the object of Sound Insulation for Structure index decomposition.According to the introduction of embodiment 4, after setting internal car noise Con trolling index Lp, according to adding up the C calculated
1~ C
5, the Noise measarement desired value of near field, five regions point can be determined, record pass-by noise according to Fig. 2, the loss of pass-by noise to communication process in car can be tried to achieve, i.e. oise insulation factor:
Rw＝W
i-Lp
i
The oise insulation factor of above-mentioned oise insulation factor and laboratory static test may there are differences, according to existing test data and test experience, after this species diversity is suitably revised, can decompose Sound Insulation for Structure index, thus in vehicle design part, just can carry out general plan to vibration and noise reducing design, design effort is shot the arrow at the target.
Oise insulation factor and the oise insulation factor of laboratory static test of line section test may there are differences, this is because exist during line test, structural vibration causes.Because this method tests the vibration of car body and trim panel, therefore the relation that the relation of near-field acoustic pressure level in analysis trim panel vibration level and car, body oscillating and trim panel vibrate is passed through, the relation test and Binding experiment room sound shakes, resolve the reason causing this species diversity, the route of transmission of noise can be determined.
Vibration and noise reducing structure evaluation is one of important application of the present invention.It is on probation that the design of railway vehicle vibration damping denoising structure will experience Theoretical Design, testing of materials, ability entrucking is tested in structural experiment room.Select two identical vehicles of floor plan, different vibration and noise reducing structures is installed, carry out the test of test section according to method of the present invention, can from the effect of vibration and noise reduction of noise and vibration two aspect thoroughly evaluating different structure.
Six large typical sections of the present invention's test, substantially cover the Main Noise Sources of rail vehicle, therefore the pass-by noise of this six big cross section are depicted as three-dimensional sound intensity cloud atlas, can show pass-by noise distribution and the power of rail vehicle clearly.
As mentioned above, plan content given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, can derive similar method of testing.In every case be the content not departing from the invention technical scheme, the technical spirit according to the invention above embodiment is done any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing, it is characterized in that: set up multiple mutually different section according to noise source and body construction feature, each section is independently two-dimensional acoustic field;
On each section, near field noise and car internal standard spot noise in the vibration of test carriage external noise, body oscillating, trim panel, car;
When test carriage internal standard spot noise Lp, car body section is divided into roof, top, side, side wall, manger board, region, five, floor, sound pressure level is designated as Lp respectively
roof, Lp
side is pushed up, Lp
side wall, Lp
manger board, Lp
floorif there is multiple measuring point at each position, then get the average of multiple measuring point, mean value is calculated as follows,
Wherein n is the number of measuring point, and certain i measuring point (1≤i≤n) sound pressure level is Lp
i;
On each section, five sound sources are all by line source process, and line source length is designated as A respectively
roof, A
side is pushed up, A
side wall, A
manger board, A
floor, car internal standard spot noise is designated as Lp, Lp
roof, Lp
side is pushed up, Lp
side wall, Lp
manger board, Lp
floorthe factor to affect correspondence of five sound pressure levels to car internal standard point is respectively C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5, then the relational expression between it represents with following formula,
Then obtain car internal standard spot noise Lp occurrence, utilize above-mentioned formula to count the sound pressure level in each face to the factor to affect C of car internal standard point
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5, can determine which region to carry out vibration and noise reducing process to.
2. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: two adjacent sections combine and form three-dimensional sound field distribution.
3. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: based on many group measured data results of measuring, carry out third-octave spectrum analysis and overall sound pressure level analysis, by the sound pressure level in each face to the factor to affect C of car internal standard point
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5, to determine noise through which region imports in car.
4. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: when pass-by noise is tested, the noise at equipment compartment position under acquisition roof, side tip circle arc, side wall, car, and respectively 1 sound pressure sensor is arranged on such position.
5. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: when body oscillating and trim panel vibration-testing, the test point of installing sound pressure sensor should be arranged in the junction of trim panel and car body and the peak value place of trim panel and body construction mode.
6. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in car during near field noise test, arrange sound pressure sensor respectively in the standard point of specified altitude, Internal decorative roof plate near field, side wall near field, near field, floor.
7. rail vehicle noise transmission approach method of testing according to claim 6, is characterized in that: along car body center line, arranges sound pressure sensor and test in half region of each section.
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