CN103170250A - Hybridization hydrogel flat membrane for water filtration and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hybridization hydrogel flat membrane for water filtration and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybridization hydrogel flat membrane for water filtration and a preparation method thereof. Irreversible deposition of macromolecules, colloids, electrolytes and the like is easy to occur on the surface of the membrane or inside the membrane because of hydrophobicity of a membrane filtration material, and thus causes membrane pollution, resulting in that the membrane flux is reduced continuously and the membrane separation process can not be normally implemented. The invention discloses the hybridization hydrogel flat membrane for water filtration. The flat membrane takes sodium alga acid as a macromolecule skeleton, acrylamide and a ramification of the acrylamide as a polymerization monomer to be added with a chemical crosslinking agent and an ionic crosslinked agent, and a water-solubility compound as a pore-foaming agent, and then a high-strength high-tenacity double cross-linked network hydrogel is formed in a polymerization manner, the pore-foaming agent is eluted so as to obtain the flat membrane which is used for water filtration, and the hybridization hydrogel flat membrane high hydrophily and good anti-fouling performance. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the cost is low, a waste solvent is not generated, and the obtained hydrogel flat membrane has good application prospect in easily-polluted membrane separation fields such as oil-water separation, protein separation and microorganism filtration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water filtration with hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof, belong to functional material, environmentally conscious materials and film field.
Background technology
The membrane filtration material is because the hydrophobicity of itself very easily causes large molecule, colloid, electrolyte and particle etc. on the film surface or film inside irreversible deposition, and the film that causes thus pollutes and causes the flux of film constantly to descend, so that the film separation process can not normally be carried out.For the characteristics of the lyophobic dusts such as the easy adsorbed proteins of polymer film surface, alleviating the effective ways that film pollutes is surface naturies of improving film, as chargedization on film surface or the hydrophiling of hydrophobic film etc.
Blending and modifying is a kind of short-cut method that improves film properties of learning from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses on existing membrane material basis.By with the hydrophilic macromolecule blend, hydrophilic component is introduced in the casting solution system, thereby film properties is improved.It is constant that the film of blend system not only can be kept original rejection, and pure water flux, resistance tocrocking and fungus resistance all reach significantly lifting.being usually used in blend mainly contains following several with the macromolecule that improves membrane permeability energy and separating property: polyethylene glycol (PEG), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sulfonated polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), SPSF (SPS), polysulfones (PS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), nylon 6, sulfonated polyether sulphone (SPES-C), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and chloromethyl polysulphone (CMPS) etc., they respectively from hydrophobic polymer blended microfiltration membranes and the milipore filter that is applicable to different separation systems that made.The copolymer-modified poly (ether-sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes of human Phosphorylcholine such as Su Yanlei can significantly improve resistance tocrocking and permeance property [the Modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes with phosphorylcholine copolymer can remarkably improve the antifouling and permeation properties.Journal of Membrane Science of film, 2008,322 (1): 171-177).Except hydrophilic macromolecule, little molecule inorganic particulate also can be used for improving film hydrophily, for example Al
2O
3Particle, α aluminum particulate, TiO
2Particle and SiO
2Particle etc.The film that makes with the casting solution that contains this class particle, perfectly combine heat-resisting quantity, hydrophily and the high molecular pliability of inorganic material, a kind of novel hydrophilic organic/inorganic compound film [study on the modification of milipore filter and application, membrane science and technology, 2003,23 (4): 97-102].
Surface coating modified is by containing water soluble polymer or the surfactant of functional group at film surface coating last layer, can introducing on the surface of film one deck functional polymer layer method of modifying.The film forming procedure of surface coating modified membrane material can be divided into indirect method and direct method.Indirect method refers to that homopolymers or the copolymer solution that will contain functional group are coated on basement membrane, and after the solvent evaporation, the polymer-coated film just can separate from basement membrane; Direct method refers to directly coat on the surface of film the macromolecule that contains functional group.In addition, at film surface coating layer of surface activating agent, can improve equally the hydrophily of film, improve membrane flux, but the surfactant of the coating on film surface can come off gradually along with the prolongation of time, thereby causes the decline of membrane flux, until modified effect completely loses.The people such as Sun Xiuzhen have prepared composite membrane with the surface that shitosan (CS) is coated in polyether sulfone (PES) milipore filter, nylon-6 microfiltration membranes and PVDF microfiltration membranes, in this three classes composite membrane, the performance of PVDF-CS composite membrane is the best, under the operating condition of 0.25MPa, room temperature, rejection to PEG-20000 reaches 98.4%[shitosan ultrafiltration composite membrane development [J]. ocean, the East Sea, 1999,17 (2): 21-25].
Surface graft modification is the method that another large class can effectively be improved polymer film surface character, generally can pass through the initiation means such as plasma, light, irradiation, electron beam at film surface formation avtive spot, this avtive spot further causes other function monomer again in the film surface grafting polymerization, gives the character of polymer film surface with grafted polymer.The characteristics of surface graft modification are within modification occurs over just several nanometers of film superficial layer, when giving the character of film surface with grafted polymer, do not affect the character of material body, and combine with chemical bond between the macromolecular chain of grafting and film surface and make modified effect more firm.The people such as Hsueh have prepared the AA-PVDF-DMAEA Bipolar Membrane by plasma graft, a side joint branch anionic monomer acrylic acid of pvdf membrane, and opposite side is grafted cation monomer acrylic acid-N, N-dimethyl amine ester.Owing to there being Ionomer to cover the surface of graft copolymer membrane, the pure water contact angle of graft copolymer membrane is significantly descended [Bipolar membrane prepared by grafting and plasma polymerization.Membr.Sci., 2003,219:1-13].Peng Wang etc. find by the plasma initiation grafting, polyvinyl alcohol (PEG) chain not only can be grafted on PVDF microporous barrier surface, also can be grafted in the hole of microporous barrier, thereby make the PVDF microporous barrier have stronger hydrophily [Plasma-induced irnmobilizaton of Poly (ethylene glycol) onto Poly (vinylidene fluoride) microporous membrane, Membr Sci, 2002,19 (5): 103-114].
Polluting control is one of key factor of membrane technology success application.The pollutants such as organic matter, inorganic matter, colloidal sol, granular substance and microorganism are considered at film surface sorption, obstruction fenestra the main cause that film pollutes.Mainly submit the hydrophily of film to by blending and modifying, surface coating and surface graft modification at present, thereby improve the pollution of film.But blending and modifying complex process, surface apply and easily come off, and surface graft modification is difficult to obtain uniform Modified Membrane, the more important thing is that these methods can not fundamentally solve the hydrophily problem of film, also just can not fundamentally solve the pollution of film.
High-molecular gel is the multicomponent system by polymer three-dimensional network and solvent composition, to environmental stimulus such as temperature, pH, electric field, solvent property, luminous intensity and optical wavelength, pressure, ionic strength, ion concentration and special chemical stimulation (as sugar) etc., produce in shape the polymer network of great variety in macroscopic view (volume).But the mechanical strength of most of artificial light water gels is very poor, easily distortion, and along with difference generation swelling and the deswelling of water content.The method that improves traditionally hydrogel intensity mainly concentrates on the crosslink density that improves hydrogel, but only can not fundamentally improve the intensity of hydrogel by improving crosslink density, and can greatly reduce the pliability of hydrogel, make hydrogel become very crisp.
The researcher of Harvard University has developed the hydrogel of high resiliency and high tenacity, and its composition is alginate and polyacrylamide [Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels, Nature, 2012,489 (7414): 133-136].Hydrogel elasticity and toughness that these two kinds of materials form separately are all little, if but they are mixed polymerization in water by a certain percentage, can obtain a kind of novel hydrogels.Although 90% be approximately water in novel hydrogels, its elasticity is superpower, can be stretched to original length more than 20 times and constantly, can also restore to the original state voluntarily afterwards.Its toughness is also fine, such hydrogel is broken off with the fingers and thumb disconnected, and the energy that need to expend is with to break disconnected natural rubber off with the fingers and thumb similar.Hydrogel has splendid hydrophily, because it is all water more than 80 percent, not only can fundamentally solve the hydrophily problem of film if this class hydrogel is prepared into the film of water treatment, can also utilize various environmental stimulus factors to change the size of fenestra, thereby regulate and control the filtration behavior of film.At present also not with the report of this class hydrogel for the preparation of the water filtration film.
The present invention designs a kind of water filtration of preparation hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, this flat sheet membrane is take sodium alginate as macromolecular scaffold, take acrylamide and derivative thereof as polymerization single polymerization monomer, add chemical cross-linking agent and ion crosslinking agent, take water soluble compound as pore-foaming agent, initiated polymerization forms two cross-linked network hydrogels of high-intensity high-tenacity, washes away the flat sheet membrane that obtains after pore-foaming agent and is used for water filtration, has high hydrophily and good resistance tocrocking.This preparation method's technique is simple, and cost is low, does not have solvent slop to produce, and the hydrogel flat sheet membrane that obtains has good application prospect at the film separation field that water-oil separating, Separation of Proteins, microbe filter etc. easily pollute.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is that film surface is easily polluted, hydrophilic graft modification step complexity and grafting is inhomogeneous, produce the problem such as a large amount of organic liquid wastes in film preparation process commonly used.
The present invention solves the easy pollution in described film surface, hydrophilic graft modification step complexity and grafting is inhomogeneous, commonly use the technical scheme that produces the problems such as a large amount of organic liquid wastes in the film preparation process is a kind of water filtration of design hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
The invention provides a kind of water filtration hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) take the 5-15g polymerization single polymerization monomer, 0.5-2g sodium alginate, the chemical cross-linking agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.03%-0.15%, the pore-foaming agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 1%-100%, be dissolved in together in the 50-100ml deionized water, stirring and dissolving is even, then adds the reinforcing agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0-100%, obtain casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, be positioned in the closed container of 4 ℃-30 ℃ standby;
B) preparing metal mass of ion percentage is the aqueous metal salt of 0.01%-10%, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.1%-5% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.1%-5% and polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.01%-2%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 20-2000 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble is at N
2The lower initiated polymerization of protection reacts 0.5-24h, obtains the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 0.5-24h, washes away pore-foaming agent with deionized water, obtains water filtration hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
Polymerization single polymerization monomer of the present invention is any one or the two or more mixture in DAAM, N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide, Methacrylamide, DMAA, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic; Described aqueous metal salt is any one or the two or more mixture in copper sulphate, zinc chloride, barium chloride, iron chloride, aluminium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium gluconae, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, the calcium lactate aqueous solution; Described chemical cross-linking agent is divinylbenzene, vulcabond, N, any one in N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, GDMA, melamine methylol etherate or two or more mixture.
Reinforcing agent of the present invention is any one or the two or more mixture in nano silicon, nano titanium oxide, nanometer hydroxyapatite, nanoclay, CNT, Graphene, nano-calcium carbonate, nano zine oxide.
The mode of initiated polymerization of the present invention is any one in free radical initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, microwave initiation, high-power electron beam initiation, gamma ray initiation, plasma initiation.
Pore-foaming agent of the present invention is any one or the two or more mixture in PVP, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, urea, sodium sulfocyanate, polyvinyl alcohol, PVP, gelatin, water soluble starch.
Preparation method's technique of the present invention is simple, cost is low, the organic solvent-free waste liquid produces, the large toughness of hydrogel flat sheet membrane intensity that obtains is high, pressure that can anti-0.02-0.36MPa, this hydrogel flat sheet membrane has good application prospect at the film separation field that water-oil separating, Separation of Proteins, microbe filter etc. easily pollute.
The specific embodiment
The below introduces specific embodiments of the invention, but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of embodiment.
1. 1 kinds of water filtrations of embodiment are with gathering DAAM/calcium alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof
A) take the 5g DAAM, 0.5g sodium alginate, the GDMA of DAAM mass percent 0.15%, the PVP of DAAM mass percent 1%, be dissolved in together in the 50ml deionized water, stirring and dissolving is even, then adds the nano silicon of DAAM mass percent 1%, obtain casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, be positioned in the closed container of 4 ℃ standby;
B) preparation calcium ion mass percent is 0.01% calcium chloride water, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of DAAM mass percent 5% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of DAAM mass percent 5% and DAAM mass percent 0.01%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 20 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble is at N
2The lower plasma-initiated polymerization of protection reacts 24h, obtains the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 24h, wash away the pore-foaming agent PVP with deionized water, obtain water filtration with gathering DAAM/calcium alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
2. 1 kinds of water filtrations of embodiment PNIPAM/barium alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof
A) take the 10g N-isopropylacrylamide, the 1g sodium alginate, the melamine methylol ether of N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 0.15%, the polyethylene glycol of N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 100%, be dissolved in together in the 100ml deionized water, stirring and dissolving is even, then adds the nano titanium oxide of N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 100%, obtain casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, be positioned in the closed container of 30 ℃ standby;
B) preparation barium ions mass percent is 2% barium chloride solution, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 2% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 2% and N-isopropylacrylamide mass percent 0.08%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 2000 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble is at N
2The lower high-power electron beam initiated polymerization of protection reacts 0.5h, obtains the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 0.5h, wash away the pore-foaming agent polyethylene glycol with deionized water, obtain water filtration PNIPAM/barium alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
3. 1 kinds of water filtrations of embodiment polyacrylamide/alginic acid zinc hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof
A) take the 15g acrylamide, the 2g sodium alginate, the N of acrylamide mass percent 0.15%, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, the polyvinyl alcohol of acrylamide mass percent 2% is dissolved in the 100ml deionized water together, stirring and dissolving is even, then the nanoclay that adds acrylamide mass percent 30% obtains casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, and is positioned in the closed container of 10 ℃ standby;
B) preparation zinc ion mass percent is 10% solder(ing)acid, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of acrylamide mass percent 0.5% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of acrylamide mass percent 0.5% and acrylamide mass percent 0.2%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 400 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble is at N
2The lower ultraviolet initiated polymerization of protection reacts 12h, obtains the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 0.5h, washes away the pore-foaming agent polyvinyl alcohol with deionized water, obtains water filtration with polyacrylamide/alginic acid zinc hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
4. 1 kinds of water filtrations of embodiment PMAm/ferric alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane and preparation method thereof
A) take the 8g Methacrylamide, the 1g sodium alginate, the GDMA of Methacrylamide mass percent 0.15%, the PVP of Methacrylamide mass percent 10%, be dissolved in together in the 80ml deionized water, stirring and dissolving is even, obtains casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, and is positioned in the closed container of 4 ℃-30 ℃ standby;
B) preparation iron ion mass percent is 5% ferric chloride in aqueous solution, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of Methacrylamide mass percent 1% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of Methacrylamide mass percent 1% and Methacrylamide mass percent 0.09%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 100 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble is at N
2The lower initiated polymerization of protection reacts 8h, obtains the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 8h, washes away the pore-foaming agent PVP with deionized water, obtains water filtration with PMAm/ferric alginate hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
Claims (10)
1. water filtration hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that this flat sheet membrane is take sodium alginate as macromolecular scaffold, take water soluble compound as pore-foaming agent, take acrylamide and derivative thereof as polymerization single polymerization monomer, add chemical cross-linking agent and ion crosslinking agent, initiated polymerization forms two cross-linked network hydrogels of high-intensity high-tenacity, washes away the flat sheet membrane that obtains after pore-foaming agent and is used for water filtration, has high hydrophily and good resistance tocrocking; Can utilize various environmental stimulus factors such as temperature, pH, electric field, solvent property, luminous intensity, pressure, ionic strength, ion concentration and special chemical stimulation etc. to change the size of fenestra, thus the filtration behavior of regulation and control film.
2. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 1 with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) take the 5-15g polymerization single polymerization monomer, 0.5-2g sodium alginate, the chemical cross-linking agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.03%-0.15%, the pore-foaming agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 1%-100%, be dissolved in together in the 50-100ml deionized water, stirring and dissolving is even, then adds the reinforcing agent of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0-100%, obtain casting solution after ultrasonic being uniformly dispersed, be positioned in the closed container of 4 ℃-30 ℃ standby;
B) preparing metal mass of ion percentage is the aqueous metal salt of 0.01%-10%, as ion crosslinking agent;
C) add the ammonium persulfate of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.1%-5% in the casting solution, the tetramethylethylenediamine of the sodium hydrogensulfite of polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.1%-5% and polymerization single polymerization monomer mass percent 0.01%-2%, after dispersed with stirring is even, immediately this solution is poured on the sheet glass of dry cleansing, scrape with the knifing rod the uniform film that thickness is 20-2000 μ m, the vacuum outgas bubble, initiated polymerization under the N2 protection, react 0.5-24h, obtain the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane of chemical crosslinking;
D) with step c) the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane step b of the chemical crosslinking that obtains) ion crosslinking agent that obtains soaks 0.5-24h, washes away pore-foaming agent with deionized water, obtains water filtration hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane.
3. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that described polymerization single polymerization monomer is any one or the two or more mixture in DAAM, N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide, Methacrylamide, DMAA, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic.
4. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that described aqueous metal salt is any one or the two or more mixture in copper sulphate, zinc chloride, barium chloride, iron chloride, aluminium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium gluconae, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, the calcium lactate aqueous solution.
5. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that described chemical cross-linking agent is divinylbenzene, vulcabond, N, any one in N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, GDMA, melamine methylol etherate or two or more mixture.
6. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that described reinforcing agent is any one or the two or more mixture in nano silicon, nano titanium oxide, nanometer hydroxyapatite, nanoclay, CNT, Graphene, nano-calcium carbonate, nano zine oxide.
7. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, is characterized in that described initiated polymerization mode is any one in free radical initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, microwave initiation, high-power electron beam initiation, gamma ray initiation, plasma initiation.
8. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that described pore-foaming agent is any one or the two or more mixture in PVP, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, urea, sodium sulfocyanate, polyvinyl alcohol, PVP, gelatin, water soluble starch.
9. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that the pressure that the hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane for preparing can anti-0.02-0.36MPa, and is applied widely.
10. a kind of water filtration as claimed in claim 2 is with the preparation method of hybridized hydrogel flat sheet membrane, it is characterized in that preparation method's technique is simple, cost is low, the organic solvent-free waste liquid produces, the large toughness of hydrogel flat sheet membrane intensity that obtains is high, and this hydrogel flat sheet membrane has good application prospect at the film separation field that water-oil separating, Separation of Proteins, microbe filter etc. easily pollute.
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