CN103163090B - Concentration detection system used for polonium aerosol inside reactor workshop - Google Patents
Concentration detection system used for polonium aerosol inside reactor workshop Download PDFInfo
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- CN103163090B CN103163090B CN201310041690.0A CN201310041690A CN103163090B CN 103163090 B CN103163090 B CN 103163090B CN 201310041690 A CN201310041690 A CN 201310041690A CN 103163090 B CN103163090 B CN 103163090B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a concentration detection system used for polonium aerosol inside a reactor workshop. The concentration detection system used for the polonium aerosol inside the reactor workshop is composed of a laser light source (1), an interferometer (2), reactor workshop walls (3), a receiving telescope (4), a photoelectric conversion device (5), corner reflectors (6) and a computer processing system (7). In measurement, lasers sent by the light source are modulated through the interferometer (2) at first, and then are shot into a long-range absorbing light path and reflected and transmitted through a plurality of corner reflectors (6) on the reactor workshop walls (3), and finally are received by the receiving telescope (4), wherein he number of the corner reflectors is determined by the structure of the reactor workshop and the length of the absorbing light path. The photoelectric conversion device (5) converts received optical signals into electrical signals and sends the electrical signals to the computer processing system (7) to generate the Fourier spectrum, and concentration of the polonium aerosol is obtained through calculation. According to the concentration detection system used for the polonium aerosol inside the reactor workshop, rapid and accurate measurement of the polonium aerosol inside the reactor workshop becomes possible, and safety of the inside of the reactor and areas around the reactor is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear safety field, be specifically related to a kind of system that can measure in real time polonium aerosol concentration in reactor.
Background technology
Nuclear reactor generally can produce many active products of being with, and therefore, is very important to the radiological measuring of reactor building, is related to in-plant staff's life security, is also related to the Environmental security of factory building periphery.
In some reactor, can produce radiomaterial polonium 210(and exist with aerocolloidal form).Due to it, generally the concentration in atmosphere is minimum and toxicity is very big, therefore needs effectively to detect rapidly polonium 210 concentration equipment and methods.Conventional detection method is to detect (Kostadinoy K N etc.: J RadioanalChem42(2): 411 ~ 415 by alpha energy spectrum instrument again after electrochemical process deposition processes at present, 1978), but its shortcoming is that detection time is very long, estimate approximately to exceed 2h, cannot meet the demand of real-time high-efficiency.
In environmental optics, often utilize Fourier trasform spectroscopy to carry out the common pollutant of atmosphere as SO2, the concentration of NO etc. is measured in real time.Fourier trasform spectroscopy is a kind of such technology: utilize interference light after gas absorption to be measured, to obtain the Fourier spectrum of light intensity, then obtain gas concentration to be measured by inverting.Its feature is exactly that precision is high, can measure in real time.In addition, compare and traditional measuring method, Fourier trasform spectroscopy is measured requirement to operating personnel and required cost all will reduce greatly.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the system of polonium aerosol concentration in a kind of heap of detection reaction in real time factory building is provided, utilize the feature of Fourier trasform spectroscopy and the absorption light path of long-range, realize the aerocolloidal real-time detection of polonium in reactor building, ensure staff's safety and the safety of factory building surrounding enviroment in factory building.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of polonium aerosol concentration detection system for reactor building inside, is made up of LASER Light Source 1, interferometer 2, reactor building wall 3, receiving telescope 4, photoelectric conversion device 5, corner reflector 6 and computer processing system 7.
The absorption peak of current known polonium 210 is 449.3nm, 430.2nm and 417.0nm.Therefore,, in order to ensure the uptake of polonium gasoloid for light, the light source using in this system adopts the bluish violet light laser that centre wavelength is 417 ~ 450nm.
The needed coherent light of polonium aerosol concentration detection system is produced by Michelson interferometer.
It is as follows that long-range in polonium aerosol concentration detection system absorbs light path design:
Fourier trasform spectroscopy measuring system mainly based on principle be lambert's Bill absorption law: I=I
0exp(-б cL), wherein I represents receiving light power, I
0represent output intensity, б represents gas absorption to be measured cross section, and c represents gas concentration.According to David M Haaland, Robert G Easterling.Application of new least-squares methods for the quantitative infrared analysis ofmulticomponent samples[J] .Applied Spectroscopy, 1982,36(6): 665-672, the linear service limits of lambert's Bill absorption law is In(I0/I)≤0.7.The photoelectric conversion device light intensity that can sense of system of setting up departments is I, and the output intensity of laser instrument is I
0, the aerocolloidal absorption cross section of polonium is б, the airborne polonium aerosol concentration of reactor building internal standard is c
standard, in conjunction with lambert's Bill absorption law, the needed absorption light path of the system that estimates L=ln(I
0/ I)/(б c
standard), need to meet the linear usable range In(I of Bill's Lambert law simultaneously
0/ I)≤0.7.Polonium 210 is at the absorption cross section approximately 10 of 450nm left and right
-14cm
2magnitude, the data that obtain according to a large amount of test experiments, general ln(I
0/ I) be about 10
-23magnitude left and right.Suppose that gas concentration to be measured is about 10
-11-10
-12mg/m
3left and right is (according to the maximum acceptable concentration (MPC) 0.2Bq/m of polonium in atmosphere 210
3), can estimate that so at this moment needed optical path length is about 10
2m magnitude, during again due to general reactor operation, in factory building, polonium concentration can be high more a lot of than the concentration in normal atmosphere, therefore, can meet the needs of the polonium detection of factory building in true reactor completely.Concrete light path design will determine according to require polonium 210 concentration of measuring.
Two factory building walls that the system of setting up departments uses are respectively A and B, using A or B as y axle, the vertical direction of A or B is as x axle, because the light path of design is to propagate back and forth between two parallel walls AB, the distance in so actual light path between two adjacent corner reflectors (receiving the catoptrical corner reflector of this mirror on the corner reflector in a sidewalls and another face wall) is: L
0=((L
spacing)
2+ (L ')
2)
1/2, wherein, L
spacingrepresent the spacing of reactor between the walls, L ' represents the y axial distance between two adjacent angular reverberators.Because general L ' is less, can ignore, can roughly estimate so needed reverberator quantity and be about N=L/L
spacing+ 1.
The position that each corner reflector is settled is determined by the following method:
(1) height of laying is consistent with the corner reflector placing and light source before;
(2) order of laying is alternately to lay between two metopes, so that luminous energy is alternately propagated between two metopes;
(3) each corner reflector in the horizontal direction with light path in the distance of a upper corner reflector be set as Δ L, set Δ L/L here
spacing=tan0.0872, to make there are enough range calibration light paths in horizontal direction, can not make again actual light path excessive with design light path deviation simultaneously.
In order to reduce, because the laser facula that long-range light path causes spreads, the receiving terminal of light path uses the receiving telescope of oppositely installing by laser pack, is coupled in PIN photodiode.
Photodiode is conveyed into the interference light intensity signal of reception in computing machine.Move the index glass of Michelson interferometer with the speed of fixing, so just can obtain interference light intensity curve I(δ over time), wherein δ represents the optical path difference that Michelson interferometer causes.Subsequently, this change curve is done Fourier transform by computing machine:
b(v) Fourier spectrum for generating.Desire to make money or profit with nonlinear least square method based on standard frequency spectrum more subsequently:
iterative computation goes out to make a of objective function x minimum, can be finally inversed by polonium aerosol concentration to be measured.Above calculating completes by computing machine, therefore all guaranteed in computing velocity, can reach real-time requirement.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1) Fourier transform spectrometry (FTS) of the present invention has advantages of that resolution is high, anti-noise ability is strong, is especially applicable to the detection of trace materials;
(2) the continuous bright dipping of the present invention, continuous coverage, therefore can reach the effect of real-time measurement, concentration change that can continuous detecting test substance;
(3) the present invention's employing is spectroscopy measurements, and it is a kind of lossless detection method, does not affect the normal operation of factory building inside, also can not produce any impact for the personnel that enter factory building inside.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, comprising LASER Light Source 1, interferometer 2, reactor building wall 3, receiving telescope 4, photoelectric conversion device 5, corner reflector 6 and computer processing system 7.
Fig. 2 is functional-block diagram of the present invention.Bluish violet light laser sends laser, through interferometer modulation, absorb light path through the open long-range that contains the aerocolloidal air of polonium, by receiving and conversion, form electric signal input computing machine, carry out Fourier transform and obtain Fourier's absorption spectrum, entered the Fitting Calculation of computing machine, obtain polonium aerosol concentration to be measured.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, system is made up of LASER Light Source 1, interferometer 2, reactor building wall 3, receiving telescope 4, photoelectric conversion device 5, corner reflector 6 and computer processing system 7; Wherein corner reflector 6 quantity in reactor building wall 3 are determined by following methods:
First, utilize Bill's Lambert law I=I
0exp(-б cL), wherein I
0represent LASER Light Source output intensity, I represents the light intensity receiving after absorbing, б represents the absorption cross section of gas to be measured, L represents optical path length, c represents gas concentration to be measured, estimate the length L of needed absorption light path with the required measuring accuracy reaching of reality, and utilize the distance L of reactor between the walls
spacingestimate the needed corner reflector quantity of actual light path N=L/L
spacing+ 1;
The layout of corner reflector 6 is determined by the following method:
The height of laying is consistent with the corner reflector placing and light source before;
The order of laying is alternately to lay between two metopes, so that luminous energy is alternately propagated between two metopes;
Each corner reflector in the horizontal direction with light path in the distance of a upper corner reflector be set as Δ L, meet Δ L/L here
spacing=tan0.0872, to make there are enough range calibration light paths in horizontal direction, can not make again actual light path excessive with design light path deviation simultaneously.
The regulative mode of long-range absorption light path corner reflector 6 is as follows:
(1) fix LASER Light Source and the interferometer of system, the initial incidence angle degree of selected good laser;
(2) light LASER Light Source of system being sent is as collimated light, and first corner reflector in directive light path regulates the angle of its reverberator, and collimation laser can be coupled in second corner reflector of light path, fixes subsequently first corner reflector angle;
(3) according to step (2), regulate the angle of N-1 corner reflector, make collimation laser can be coupled into (N< corner reflector number) in N corner reflector, the angle of then fixing N-1 catoptron;
(4) adjusting absorbs the angle of last corner reflector of light path, makes collimation laser can be coupled into the telescope as optical pickup apparatus, fixes the angle of last corner reflector;
(5) regulate telescopical angles, make collimation laser can be coupled into photoelectric conversion device.
The concrete measuring process of polonium aerosol concentration detection system of the present invention is as follows:
Laser first utilize laser that the laser instrument of system sends to regulate the angle of several corner reflectors in long-range light path as collimated light, until can well be coupled in receiving telescope; Open again subsequently computer processing system, move the index glass on interferometer with the speed of fixing; The royal purple light that laser instrument sends enters long-range by interferometer and absorbs light path, received by telescope, photoelectric conversion device is changed interference light intensity, sends into and in computer processing system, forms interferogram, that this interferogram represents is exactly the light intensity I of interference light, then does Fourier transform
form Fourier spectrum figure, wherein v and δ represent respectively the optical path difference that wave number and interferometer cause, I(δ) expression light distribution, B
0represent spectral distribution; Based on synthetic calibration spectrum, utilize nonlinear least square method to simulate the concentration that polonium holds glue again:
wherein a represents concentration parameter, B
jrepresent the spectrum measuring, B
cal(v
j, a) representing calibration spectrum, x is objective function, final, obtains an a that can make objective function x minimum by continuous iteration, has so just calculated the aerocolloidal concentration of polonium.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
The above; be only part embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, in the technical scope that any those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. for a polonium aerosol concentration detection system for reactor building inside, it is characterized in that comprising: LASER Light Source (1), interferometer (2), reactor building wall (3), receiving telescope (4), photoelectric conversion device (5), corner reflector (6) and computer processing system (7); Light after interferometer (2) modulation absorbs light path through the open long-range that contains the aerocolloidal air of polonium, after being received by receiving telescope (4), by photoelectric conversion device (5), light signal is converted to electric signal, then the electric signal input computer processing system (7) that conversion is formed carries out Fourier transform and obtains Fourier's absorption spectrum:
wherein, v and δ represent respectively the optical path difference that wave number and interferometer cause, and I (δ) represents light distribution, B
0represent spectral distribution; Then based on synthetic calibration spectrum, utilize nonlinear least square method to calculate the concentration that polonium holds glue:
wherein a represents concentration parameter, B
jrepresent the spectrum measuring, B
cal(v
j, a) representing calibration spectrum, x is objective function, utilizes the method for iteration to find an a, makes objective function x minimum;
The control method of described receiving telescope (4) is as follows:
A. fix LASER Light Source (1) and the interferometer (2) of system, the initial incidence angle degree of selected good laser;
B. the light LASER Light Source of system (1) being sent is as collimated light, first corner reflector (6) in directive light path, regulate the angle of its catoptron, collimation laser can be coupled in second corner reflector (6) of light path, fix subsequently first corner reflector (6) angle;
C. according to step b, regulate the angle of n-1 corner reflector (6), collimation laser can be coupled in n corner reflector (6), n< corner reflector number, the angle of then fixing n-1 reverberator (6);
D. the angle that regulates last corner reflector that absorbs light path, makes collimation laser can be coupled into the telescope as optical pickup apparatus, fixes the angle of last corner reflector (6);
E. regulate the angles of receiving telescope, make collimation laser can be coupled into photoelectric conversion device.
2. the polonium aerosol concentration detection system for reactor building inside according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described LASER Light Source (1) adopts the bluish violet light laser that centre wavelength is 417～450nm.
3. the polonium aerosol concentration detection system for reactor building inside according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described open long-range light path concrete structure design is as follows:
(1), using reactor building as air chamber, make system absorption light path used become open absorption light path;
(2) in two parallel walls of reactor building inside, settle respectively N corner reflector (6), in limited factory building space, extend light path by the constantly mode of alternating reflex has been installed between two metopes of corner reflector (6);
(3) utilize Bill's Lambert law I=I
0exp (б cL), wherein I
0represent LASER Light Source (1) output intensity, I represents the light intensity receiving after absorbing, б represents the absorption cross section of gas to be measured, L represents optical path length, c represents gas concentration to be measured, estimate the length L of needed absorption light path with the required measuring accuracy reaching of reality, and utilize the distance L between reactor wall (3)
spacingcalculate the needed corner reflector of actual light path (6) quantity N=L/L
spacing+ 1;
(4) position that each corner reflector (6) is settled is determined by following mode:
The height of laying is consistent with the corner reflector placing (6) and light source before;
The order of laying is alternately to lay between two metopes, so that luminous energy is alternately propagated between two metopes;
Each corner reflector (6) in the horizontal direction with light path in the distance of a upper corner reflector be set as Δ L,
Set Δ L/L herein
spacing=tan0.0872, to make there are enough spacing in order to calibrate light path in horizontal direction, can not make again actual light path excessive with design light path deviation simultaneously;
(5) receiving telescope that the utilization of light path end is oppositely settled, as receiving trap, makes light pack after long-range is propagated.
4. the polonium aerosol concentration detection system for reactor building inside according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the photoelectric conversion device of described system uses enhancement mode PIN photodiode as photoelectric conversion device (5), optically-coupled after pack is entered to photodetector, be converted into electric signal input computer processing system (7).
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Cited By (1)
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| AT523372A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Method and device for determining properties of a fluid flow |
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| CN104407371B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-03-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | In a kind of liquid lead bismuth alloy210The rapid detection system and method for Po concentration |
| CN106291651B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-12-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | In a kind of aerosol210The analysis method of Po |
| CN111220613A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-02 | 西安交通大学 | Chrominance analysis device and chrominance analysis method |
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| AT523372B1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Method and device for determining properties of a fluid flow |
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