CN103162983B - Evaluation device and evaluation method for air hammer performance - Google Patents
Evaluation device and evaluation method for air hammer performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN103162983B CN103162983B CN201310053325.1A CN201310053325A CN103162983B CN 103162983 B CN103162983 B CN 103162983B CN 201310053325 A CN201310053325 A CN 201310053325A CN 103162983 B CN103162983 B CN 103162983B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an evaluation device and an evaluation method for air hammer performance. The device comprises an experiment frame, a drilling system, a drill core clamping device, a lifting system and a data collecting system. The method includes the steps of implementing an experiment for the air hammer working performance of different angles through establishing the air hammer experiment frame capable of adjusting angles and providing an air source, drilling pressure and rotating speed for an air hammer, implementing accurate monitoring for air hammer working status through the application of a wireless stress wave monitoring device, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and an inclination angle gauge and the shooting of a high-speed camera, and evaluating the air hammer working performance through comparing injection pressure, drilling pressure, rotating speed and impacting frequency of the air hammer, drilling speed, impacting power, and the like under different working angles. The evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance are reliable in principle and convenient to operate. In addition, the evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance not only solve the problem that the air hammer performance is affected by angle changes, but also can evaluate the working performance of the air hammer under a variety of working conditions. Accordingly, the evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance provides an experimental basis for theoretical research and structure optimization for the fact that the air hammer faces directional drilling and horizontal drilling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluating apparatus and evaluation method of the air forging hammer serviceability for using in petroleum drilling engineering, for analyzing air forging hammer working mechanism, for its theoretical research and structure optimization provide experimental basis.
Background technology
When using gas underbalance well drilling in petroleum drilling engineering, air forging hammer is used to be a good solution as vertical drilling mud motor, it has the slow-speed of revolution, little the pressure of the drill, drill tool life is long, rate of penetration is high, anti-oblique ability is strong technical characterstic, can creep into complexity, hard, easily tiltedly, obtain good economic benefit in high steep stratum.
In recent years, along with gas bores the development of orientation well, horizontal well technology, the applied technical field of air forging hammer is increasing.But traditional air forging hammer is based on vertically creeping into design, good at perpendicular hole section effect, and the application in orientation well, horizontal well is restricted.It can not adapt to the application requirement become increasingly complex, and is badly in need of being optimized structure.
Current air forging hammer directed-drilling technique developing direction mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is adopt to have the swinging air forging hammer directed-drilling technique providing down-hole rotary torque from the air forging hammer self of revolute function, and another kind is the air screw motro drivien air forging hammer directed-drilling technique adopting air screw motor to provide down-hole rotary torque.These two developing direction have some patents to emerge in large numbers.And the emphasis point of these two kinds of technology is all how to allow air forging hammer rotate, thus positioning operation can be carried out.Its air forging hammer used for exporting the hammer body of ballistic work itself, is still continued to use at first based on the structure of vertically creeping into design.When air forging hammer be in heeling condition even horizontality time, the impact energy of its piston gravitional force on piston does not affect substantially.Therefore the serviceability of the air forging hammer hammer body of this design will be subject to the impact at angle of inclination.Researcher has generally recognized this impact, and the concrete research of this respect also comparatively lacks.Simultaneously in orientation well, horizontal well creep into, also have wall friction resistance excessive, frictional resistance absorbs the pressure of the drill, pressurization difficulty, and drilling tool is stressed more complicated, the various problem such as to wear and tear more serious.
In order to adapt to the demand day by day increased, air forging hammer also needs to carry out some following fundamental researchs: 1) in order to carry out the optimal design of air forging hammer horizontal drilling, and air forging hammer performance also lacks relatively by the research of the impact of operating angle.2) research of air forging hammer movement mechanism is perfect not enough, and air forging hammer is by the change of the running parameters such as bleed pressure, the pressure of the drill, drilling speed, and the change of its rock breaking efficiency is not very clear.3) the rock breaking mechanism research of air forging hammer lacks, and be directed to the stratum of different lithology, its crushing effect is not very clear.4) be directed to the stratum of lithology of the same race, the change of rock core confined pressure, the impact of the crushing effect of air forging hammer is not very clear.
In the application of air forging hammer, be badly in need of research air forging hammer being carried out to theory and experimental stand.At present, comparatively complete air forging hammer experimental provision is also rarely had both at home and abroad.Some research units employ the such as method such as digital simulation, simulating lab test and have carried out some researchs.Oil Exploration in China development research institute had once carried out ground stand test to the air forging hammer product of its development, its primary evaluation index is blast consumption and the air pressure of air forging hammer, and its fragmentation is to liking wood, test specification is narrower, method of testing is comparatively simple and easy, and its stand is also consider based on plumbness, does not carry out the experiment of heeling condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of evaluating apparatus of air forging hammer performance, this principle of device is reliable, easy to operate, by the acting in conjunction of drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS), solve the impact assessment problem of serviceability by operating angle change of air forging hammer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the method utilizing above-mentioned evaluating apparatus to evaluate with the impact that angle changes the serviceability of air forging hammer, not only effectively can solve the problem of serviceability by the impact of operating angle change of air forging hammer, variable working condition parameter can also be carried out to air forging hammer simultaneously, become the experiment of rock confined pressure, thus the serviceability of air forging hammer under various working condition is evaluated, for air forging hammer provides necessary experimental result towards the theoretical research of inclination drilling and lateral drilling and structure optimization.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention, by setting up the air forging hammer experiment frame of adjustable-angle, carries out the air forging hammer serviceability experiment of different angles; The serviceability experiment carrying out air forging hammer by providing the adjustable running parameter such as bleed pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed to air forging hammer; By using artificial homogeneous rock core, thus get rid of rock core to the interference of experimental result; By the stress wave monitoring equipment of wireless transmission, the shooting of high-speed camera, and displacement transducer, pressure transducer, torque sensor, the utilization of angle of inclination instrument, carries out the precise monitoring of air forging hammer duty; By the frequency of impact to the injection pressure under different operating angle, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and air forging hammer, drilling speed, ballistic work size, bottom hole pattern, landwaste contrasts, thus evaluates air forging hammer serviceability.
An evaluating apparatus for air forging hammer performance, is made up of experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body, front axle and rear axle, and described experiment frame support body, by two sections of back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel, forms a work top, for installing each appurtenances, and can form slide rail, sliding for movable part.
Described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder, creeps into coaster and rotating mechanism, the described coaster that creeps into can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body, adding the pressure of the drill cylinder is fixed in the middle of experiment frame support body, its piston end is connected to and creeps on coaster, by the pressure reduction between the air intake opening of adjusting cylinders and gas outlet, promoting coaster to move up and down along slide rail, when moving to assigned address, providing the pressure of the drill by providing the gas of specified pressure to cylinder.Described rotating mechanism connects swivel adapter head, swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer to be measured by drilling rod short circuit again, rotating mechanism can provide rotating speed and moment of torsion for air forging hammer drilling well, drilling rod is entered from the gas injection port of swivel adapter head from the air of compressor input, for air forging hammer provides source of the gas, air forging hammer to be measured is connected with pneumatic hammer hammerhead, under the effect of drilling system, fractured rock, tests.
Described core holding unit is fixed on experiment frame support body by the base of bottom, afterbody with reinforcement ridge, for bearing axial impact.In core holding unit, rock core is housed, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured, core holding unit can apply confined pressure to clamped rock, thus realize fixing rock core follow experiment frame change angle, prevent rock core under impact cracked, apply the object that confined pressure changes experiment condition.
Described hoisting system comprise lifting frame column, elevating ram, with lockable mechanism lifting coaster peace mobile block, translation coaster is also with lockable mechanism.The front axle of experiment frame is articulated with on lifting coaster, and rear axle is articulated with on translation coaster.When elevating ram promotes the rising of lifting coaster, experiment frame one end is lifted, and the other end slides along the slide rail of translation coaster under draw, thus drags experiment frame support body increase angle of inclination.When needing to reduce angle, first remove lockable mechanism, under the acting in conjunction of manpower and deadweight, reduce the angle of inclination of experiment frame support body, allow whole experiment frame translation-angle within 0 to 90 degree, and to fill by experiment frame is counter end to end, make experiment frame any translation-angle between 90 degree to 180 degree.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor, wireless stress wave monitor, angle of inclination instrument, displacement transducer and the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, described injection pressure sensor is positioned on the gas injection port on swivel adapter head, and described wireless stress wave monitor is attached on drilling rod short circuit.Described angle of inclination instrument, displacement transducer are all positioned on experiment frame support body, and described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder, and this three is respectively used to measure the operating angle of air forging hammer, the drilling speed of air forging hammer and the pressure of the drill.
The method utilizing above-mentioned evaluating apparatus to evaluate with the impact that angle changes the serviceability of air forging hammer, comprises the following steps successively:
1) air forging hammer to be measured and artificial homogeneous rock core are placed on experiment frame support body, experiment frame support body is tilted to certain angle;
2) to the gases at high pressure of air forging hammer input certain pressure to be measured, and rotate with certain rotating speed, make air forging hammer be in state to be crept into, its input pressure value of real time record and rotating speed;
3) mobile air forging hammer, makes it contact with testing rock core, and broken rock core, continue to air forging hammer the pressure of the drill that a certain size is provided, its force value of real time record;
4), in the process of air forging hammer fractured rock, aim at pneumatic hammer hammerhead with high-speed camera simultaneously and take;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by angle of inclination instrument, injecting gas pressure is by injection pressure Sensor monitoring, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, the rotating speed of air forging hammer obtains by carrying out conversion to the electric machine frequency of rotating mechanism, the drilling speed of air forging hammer passes through displacement sensor, the ballistic work of air forging hammer by wireless stress wave monitor monitors to stress wave data carry out conversion and obtain, by analyzing the record of high-speed camera, the time that measurable certain jig frequency consumes, draw air forging hammer frequency of impact;
6) when displacement transducer display air forging hammer fractured rock reach designated length, stop experiment, preserve the stress wave data in experimentation, high-speed camera image, and the data of every sensor, and take off rock core, collect landwaste;
7) angle of inclination of experiment frame is readjusted, the rock core more renewed, repeat experiment, the frequency of impact of the operating angle of twice experiment, injection pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and air forging hammer, drilling speed, ballistic work size are contrasted, can contrast the serviceability of air forging hammer under these two kinds of angles.
Further by the experiment of multiple angles, can the impact that air forging hammer serviceability changes with angle be evaluated.
Analyze the landwaste that different operating angle is formed, observe landwaste size, analyze chips size, to evaluate air forging hammer when this duty uses, whether can its landwaste size discharge smoothly, can have an impact to drilling operation.
The bottom hole pattern that different operating angle is formed is analyzed, observes hammer tooth hole, shaft bottom size, borehole wall smoothness and borehole wall hammer tooth scratch, to evaluate air forging hammer when this duty uses, whether can have an impact to tup wearing and tearing.
The present invention comprises further, uses this device and method, is carried out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer, thus evaluate the rock breaking efficiency of air forging hammer under different duty parameter by parameters such as change the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, operating air pressures.
The present invention comprises further, uses this device and method, by changing different rock cores, carrying out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer under certain operating conditions, thus evaluating the rock breaking efficiency that air forging hammer is directed to different rock core.
The present invention comprises further, use this device and method, by using the rock core of core holding unit to same lithology to apply different confined pressures, carrying out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer under certain operating conditions, thus evaluating the air forging hammer rock breaking efficiency under different confined pressure condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of evaluating apparatus of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the agent structure schematic diagram of evaluating apparatus of the present invention
In figure: 1, lifting frame column, 2, injection pressure sensor, 3, front axle, 4, creep into coaster, 5, elevating ram, 6, with the lifting coaster of lockable mechanism, 7, rotating mechanism, 8, swivel adapter head, 9, drilling rod short circuit, 10, wireless stress wave monitor, 11, experiment frame support body, 12, air forging hammer to be measured, 13, add the pressure of the drill cylinder, 14, pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured, 15, core holding unit, 16, strengthen ridge, 17, translation coaster, 18, lockable mechanism, 19, slide rail, 20, angle of inclination instrument, 21, displacement transducer, 22, the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, 23, core holding unit base, 24, rear axle.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
An evaluating apparatus for air forging hammer performance, is made up of experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body 11, front axle 3 and rear axle 24, and described experiment frame support body, by two sections of back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel, forms slide rail.
Described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, creep into coaster 4 and rotating mechanism 7, described in add the pressure of the drill cylinder 13 and be fixed in the middle of experiment frame support body 11, its piston end connects and creeps into coaster 4, described in creep into coaster 4 and can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body; Described rotating mechanism 7 connects swivel adapter head 8, and swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer 12 to be measured by drilling rod short circuit 9 again, and air forging hammer to be measured is connected with pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14 to be measured.
Described core holding unit 15 is fixed on experiment frame support body 11 by its base 23, and its afterbody, with reinforcement ridge 16, is equipped with rock core in core holding unit, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured.
Described hoisting system comprises lifting frame column 1, elevating ram 5, the peaceful mobile block 17 of lifting coaster 6 with lockable mechanism, and translation coaster is with lockable mechanism 18; The front axle 3 of experiment frame is articulated with on lifting coaster, and rear axle 24 is articulated with on translation coaster, and when elevating ram promotes the rising of lifting coaster, the slide rail 19 of experiment frame along translation coaster under draw slides.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor 2, wireless stress wave monitor 10, angle of inclination instrument 20, displacement transducer 21, the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22, described injection pressure sensor 2 is positioned on the gas injection port of swivel adapter head 8, and described wireless stress wave monitor 10 is attached on drilling rod short circuit 9.Described angle of inclination instrument 20, displacement transducer 21 are all positioned on experiment frame support body 11, and described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22 is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, and this three is respectively used to measure the operating angle of air forging hammer, the drilling speed of air forging hammer and the pressure of the drill.
To the serviceability of contrast air forging hammer 20 ° and 80 °, its embodiment is:
1) air forging hammer 12 to be measured is connected pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14, and be connected on drill pipe nipple 9, rock core is loaded in core holding unit 15, and clamp;
2) start oil pump and pump into hydraulic oil in elevating ram 5, thus promotion lifting coaster 6 rises, when angle of inclination instrument 20 is shown as 20 ° time, use locking system that experiment frame support body is fixed on this angle;
3) open rotating mechanism 7, provide certain moment of torsion and drilling speed to air forging hammer 12 to be measured, use air compressor machine to pass through swivel adapter head 8 to air forging hammer air feed to be measured, make air forging hammer be in state to be launched;
4) controller is allocated to drive shift, to adding the gas passing into certain pressure in the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, makes to creep into coaster 4 and moving forward, pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14 is pressed on tested rock core, make air forging hammer to be measured 12 punching, start broken rock core;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by angle of inclination instrument 20, injecting gas pressure is monitored by injection pressure sensor 2, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22, the rotating speed of air forging hammer obtains by carrying out conversion to the electric machine frequency of rotating mechanism, by analyzing the record of high-speed camera, measure the time that certain jig frequency consumes, draw air forging hammer frequency of impact, the drilling speed of air forging hammer is measured by displacement transducer 21, and the ballistic work of air forging hammer carries out conversion by the stress wave data monitored wireless stress wave monitor 10 and tries to achieve;
6) when displacement transducer display air forging hammer fractured rock reach certain length, suspend experiment, controller is allocated to retrogressing shelves, to adding the gas oppositely passing into certain pressure in the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, makes to creep into coaster 4 and moving backward, get back to original position, preserve the stress wave data in this experimentation, high-speed camera image, and the data of every sensor, and take off rock core, collect landwaste;
7) start oil pump and pump into hydraulic oil in elevating ram, thus promotion lifting coaster 6 rises, when angle of inclination instrument is shown as 80 ° time, use locking system experiment frame to be fixed on this angle, the rock core more renewed, repeat above step;
8) frequency of impact of the operating angle of twice experiment, injection pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and air forging hammer, drilling speed, ballistic work size are contrasted, can the impact that air forging hammer serviceability changes with angle be evaluated.
Utilize this evaluation method, multiple air forging hammer serviceability contrast experiment can also be carried out:
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different duty parameter, only need by changing the duty parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, injection pressure, drilling speed experiment obtained, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste contrast, and can evaluate the impact of different duty parameters on air forging hammer serviceability.
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different lithology, the artificial average rock core participating in test is only needed to be replaced by different rock core such as actual grouan, mud stone, sandstone etc., drilling speed experiment obtained, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste contrast, and can evaluate the impact of different lithology on air forging hammer serviceability.
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different confined pressure, only need by change core holding unit to participate in that testing rock core applies confined pressure size, drilling speed experiment obtained, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste contrast, and can evaluate the impact of different confined pressures on air forging hammer serviceability.
Claims (3)
1. the evaluating apparatus of an air forging hammer performance, be made up of experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS), it is characterized in that, described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body (11), front axle (3) and rear axle (24), described experiment frame support body, by two sections of back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel, forms slide rail, described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder (13), creep into coaster (4) and rotating mechanism (7), the described the pressure of the drill cylinder (13) that adds is fixed in the middle of experiment frame support body (11), coaster (4) is crept in the connection of its piston end, the described coaster (4) that creeps into can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body, described rotating mechanism (7) connects swivel adapter head (8), and swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer to be measured (12) by drilling rod short circuit (9) again, described core holding unit (15) is fixed on experiment frame support body (11) by its base (23), its afterbody is with reinforcement ridge (16), in core holding unit, rock core is housed, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured (14), described hoisting system comprises lifting frame column (1), elevating ram (5), lifting coaster (6) peaceful mobile block (17) with lockable mechanism, the front axle (3) of described experiment frame is articulated with on lifting coaster, and rear axle (24) is articulated with on translation coaster, described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor (2), wireless stress wave monitor (10), angle of inclination instrument (20), displacement transducer (21), the pressure of the drill pressure transducer (22), described injection pressure sensor (2) is positioned on the gas injection port of swivel adapter head (8), described wireless stress wave monitor (10) is attached on drilling rod short circuit (9), described angle of inclination instrument (20), displacement transducer (21) is all positioned on experiment frame support body (11), described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer (22) is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder (13).
2. the method utilizing the device described in claim 1 to evaluate with the impact that angle changes the serviceability of air forging hammer, comprises the following steps successively:
1) air forging hammer to be measured and artificial homogeneous rock core are placed on experiment frame support body, experiment frame support body is tilted to certain angle;
2) to the gases at high pressure of air forging hammer input certain pressure to be measured, and rotate with certain rotating speed, make air forging hammer be in state to be crept into, its input pressure value of real time record and rotating speed;
3) mobile air forging hammer, makes it contact with testing rock core, and broken rock core, continue to air forging hammer the pressure of the drill that a certain size is provided, its force value of real time record;
4), in the process of air forging hammer fractured rock, aim at pneumatic hammer hammerhead with high-speed camera simultaneously and take;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by angle of inclination instrument, injecting gas pressure is by injection pressure Sensor monitoring, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, the rotating speed of air forging hammer obtains by carrying out conversion to the electric machine frequency of rotating mechanism, the drilling speed of air forging hammer passes through displacement sensor, the ballistic work of air forging hammer by wireless stress wave monitor monitors to stress wave data carry out conversion and obtain, by analyzing the record of high-speed camera, the time that measurable certain jig frequency consumes, draw air forging hammer frequency of impact;
6) when displacement transducer display air forging hammer fractured rock reach designated length, stop experiment;
7) readjust the angle of inclination of experiment frame, the rock core more renewed, repeat experiment, can the impact that air forging hammer serviceability changes with angle be evaluated.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different duty parameter, changes the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, injection pressure; When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different lithology, rock core is replaced by grouan, mud stone, sandstone; When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different confined pressure, changing the confined pressure size that core holding unit applies to rock core, just can evaluate the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, injection pressure, rock core, the impact of confined pressure on air forging hammer serviceability.
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| CN103983754B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-09-02 | 天津大学 | The test unit of rock drilling simulation and determine the method for check bar pressure and moment of torsion |
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| CN106441848B (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2021-03-12 | 济南铸造锻压机械研究所有限公司 | Dead head hammer removing test device |
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| CN112539903B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | 南京理工大学 | Multifunctional impact loading table and experimental method thereof |
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