CN103162983B - Evaluation device and evaluation method for air hammer performance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an evaluation device and method for the performance of an air hammer. The device is composed of a test frame, a drilling system, a core holder, a lifting system, and a data acquisition system. The method includes: establishing an angle-adjustable air hammer Hammer test frame, and provide air source, drill pressure, and speed to the air hammer, conduct air hammer performance experiments at different angles, through the use of wireless stress wave monitors, displacement sensors, pressure sensors, tilt angle meters, and high-speed camera shooting , carry out accurate monitoring of the working state of the air hammer, and evaluate the working performance of the air hammer by comparing the injection pressure, drilling pressure, rotational speed and the impact frequency, drilling speed, and impact energy of the air hammer under different working angles. The invention is reliable in principle and easy to operate. It not only solves the problem that the performance of the air hammer is affected by angle changes, but also evaluates its working performance under various working conditions. And structure optimization provides experimental basis.

Description

An evaluation device and evaluation method for the performance of an air hammer

technical field

The invention relates to an evaluation device and evaluation method for the working performance of an air hammer used in petroleum drilling engineering, which is used for analyzing the working mechanism of the air hammer and providing experimental basis for its theoretical research and structure optimization.

Background technique

When gas underbalanced drilling is used in oil drilling engineering, it is a good solution to use air hammer as downhole power drilling tool for vertical drilling. With the technical characteristics of strong inclination ability, it can achieve good economic benefits in drilling complex, hard, easy-to-incline, and high-steep formations.

In recent years, with the continuous development of gas drilling directional well and horizontal well technology, the application technology field of air hammer is getting bigger and bigger. However, the traditional air hammer is based on the vertical drilling design, and its application effect is good in vertical well sections, but its application in directional wells and horizontal wells is restricted. It cannot adapt to more and more complex application requirements, and it is urgent to optimize the structure.

At present, there are two main development directions of air hammer directional drilling technology: one is the rotary air hammer directional drilling technology that uses the air hammer with self-rotating function to provide downhole rotation torque, and the other is using air screw motor to provide downhole rotation torque Advanced air screw motor driven air hammer directional drilling technology. Both directions of development have some patents emerging. The focus of these two technologies is how to rotate the air hammer so that it can perform directional operations. The air hammer used is used to output the hammer body itself, which still uses the structure originally designed based on vertical drilling. When the air hammer is in a tilted state or even a horizontal state, the gravitational potential energy of the piston has basically no effect on the impact energy of the piston. Therefore, the working performance of the air hammer body of this design will be affected by the angle of inclination. Researchers generally recognize this effect, but specific research in this area is still relatively lacking. At the same time, in the drilling of directional wells and horizontal wells, there are still various problems such as excessive frictional resistance of the well wall, frictional resistance absorbing drilling pressure, difficulty in pressurization, more complicated force on the drilling tool, and more serious wear.

In order to meet the increasing demand, the air hammer still needs to carry out the following basic research: 1) In order to optimize the design of the air hammer horizontal drilling, the research on the influence of the air hammer performance on the working angle is relatively lacking. 2) The research on the movement mechanism of the air hammer is not perfect. The change of the air hammer's rock breaking effect is not very clear due to the change of working parameters such as air source pressure, drilling pressure and drilling speed. 3) There is a lack of research on the rock breaking mechanism of the air hammer, and its breaking effect is not very clear for strata of different lithologies. 4) For formations of the same lithology, the impact of changes in the confining pressure of the core on the crushing effect of the air hammer is not very clear.

In the application field of air hammer, it is urgent to carry out theoretical and experimental research on air hammer. At present, there are few relatively complete air hammer experimental devices at home and abroad. Some research institutes have carried out some studies using methods such as digital simulation and indoor simulation experiments. The China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute has conducted a ground bench test on the air hammer product developed by it. The main evaluation indicators are the air consumption and air pressure of the air hammer, and the crushing object is wood. The test range is narrow and the test method is relatively simple. , and the platform is also considered based on the vertical state, and the experiment in the inclined state has not been carried out.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaluation device for air hammer performance. The device is reliable in principle and easy to operate. Through the joint action of the drilling system, core holder, lifting system and data acquisition system, the work of the air hammer is solved. Evaluation problem of performance affected by changes in working angle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the influence of the working performance of the air hammer with the change of the angle by using the above-mentioned evaluation device, which can not only effectively solve the problem that the working performance of the air hammer is affected by the change of the working angle, but also can The air hammer conducts experiments of changing working condition parameters and changing rock confining pressure, so as to evaluate the working performance of the air hammer under various working conditions, which provides the necessary theoretical research and structural optimization for the air hammer facing directional drilling and horizontal drilling. the experimental results.

In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

The present invention conducts air hammer work performance experiments at different angles by establishing an air hammer test frame with adjustable angles; conducts air hammer work performance experiments by providing adjustable air source pressure, drilling pressure, rotational speed and other working parameters to the air hammer ;By using artificial homogeneous cores, the interference of the cores on the experimental results is eliminated; through the wireless transmission of stress wave monitoring equipment, the shooting of high-speed cameras, and the use of displacement sensors, pressure sensors, torque sensors, and inclination angle meters, the air hammer Accurate monitoring of the working state; by comparing the injection pressure, bit pressure, rotational speed under different working angles with the impact frequency, drilling speed, impact energy, bottom hole mode and cuttings of the air hammer, the working performance of the air hammer can be evaluated. evaluate.

An air hammer performance evaluation device is composed of a test frame, a drilling system, a core holder, a lifting system, and a data acquisition system.

The test frame includes a test frame body, a front axle and a rear axle, and the experiment frame body is combined by two sections of channel steel back to back to form a working table for installing various accessory parts, and can form slide rails for activities Parts slide.

The drilling system includes a pressure-on-drilling cylinder, a drilling block and a rotating mechanism. The drilling block can slide along the slide rail of the test frame frame, and the pressure-on-drilling cylinder is fixed in the middle of the frame body of the test frame, and its piston end Connected to the drilling trolley, by adjusting the pressure difference between the air inlet and outlet of the cylinder, the trolley is pushed to move up and down along the slide rail, and when it moves to the specified position, it is provided by supplying the specified pressure gas to the cylinder WOB. The rotating mechanism is connected to the rotary joint, and the rotary joint is short-circuited to the air hammer to be tested through the drill pipe. The rotating mechanism can provide the speed and torque for the air hammer drilling, and the air input from the compressor enters the drill pipe through the air injection port of the rotary joint. The air hammer provides the air source, and the air hammer to be tested is connected with the air hammer hammer head. Under the action of the drilling system, the rock is broken and the experiment is carried out.

The core holder is fixed on the test frame body through the base of the lower part, and the tail has a reinforcing ridge for bearing axial impact. The core holder is equipped with a core, which is opposite to the hammer head of the air hammer to be tested. The core holder can exert confining pressure on the clamped rock, so as to realize the fixed core changing angle with the test frame and prevent the core from breaking under the impact. , The purpose of applying confining pressure to change the experimental conditions.

The lifting system includes a lifting frame column, a lifting cylinder, a lifting block with a locking mechanism and a translation block, and the translation block also has a locking mechanism. The front axle of the test frame is hinged on the lifting tackle, and the rear axle is hinged on the translation tackle. When the lifting cylinder pushes the lifting block to rise, one end of the test frame is lifted, and the other end slides along the slide rail of the translation block under the action of traction, thereby dragging the test frame body to increase the inclination angle. When it is necessary to reduce the angle, first release the locking mechanism, and under the joint action of manpower and self-weight, reduce the inclination angle of the test frame body, so that the entire test frame can change the angle within 0 to 90 degrees, and can pass through the test frame head. The tail is reversed, so that the experimental rack can change the angle arbitrarily between 90 degrees and 180 degrees.

The data acquisition system includes an injection pressure sensor, a wireless stress wave monitor, an inclination angle meter, a displacement sensor and a weight-on-bit pressure sensor. The injection pressure sensor is located on the gas injection port on the rotary joint, and the wireless stress wave monitor is attached to Connected to the drill pipe. The inclination angle meter and the displacement sensor are all located on the test frame, and the drilling pressure sensor is located on the drilling pressure cylinder. These three are used to measure the working angle of the air hammer, the drilling speed and the drilling pressure of the air hammer respectively. .

The method for evaluating the influence of the working performance of the air hammer with the angle change by using the above-mentioned evaluation device comprises the following steps in turn:

1) Place the air hammer to be tested and the artificial homogeneous core on the test frame, and tilt the test frame to a certain angle;

2) Input a certain pressure of high-pressure gas into the air hammer to be tested, and rotate it at a certain speed, so that the air hammer is in the state of drilling, and record its input pressure value and speed in real time;

3) Move the air hammer to make it contact with the test core, break the core, continuously provide a certain amount of WOB to the air hammer, and record its pressure value in real time;

4) During the process of the air hammer breaking rocks, a high-speed camera is used to shoot at the head of the air hammer;

5) The working angle of the air hammer is measured by the inclination angle meter, the injection gas pressure is monitored by the injection pressure sensor, the bit pressure is measured by the bit pressure sensor, the speed of the air hammer is obtained by converting the motor frequency of the rotating mechanism, and the drill pressure of the air hammer The speed is measured by the displacement sensor. The impact energy of the air hammer is obtained by converting the stress wave data monitored by the wireless stress wave monitor. By analyzing the records of the high-speed camera, the time consumed by a certain stroke can be measured, and the air Hammer impact frequency;

6) When the displacement sensor shows that the air hammer has broken the rock to a specified length, stop the experiment, save the stress wave data during the experiment, the high-speed camera image, and the data of various sensors, and remove the core to collect cuttings;

7) Readjust the inclination angle of the test frame, replace the new core, and repeat the experiment. Compare the working angle, injection pressure, drilling pressure, and rotational speed of the two experiments with the impact frequency, drilling speed, and impact energy of the air hammer. That is to say, the working performance of the air hammer under these two angles can be compared.

Further, through experiments at various angles, the influence of the air hammer's working performance with angle changes can be evaluated.

Analyze the cuttings formed at different working angles, observe the size of the cuttings, and analyze the particle size of the cuttings to evaluate whether the size of the cuttings can be smoothly discharged when the air hammer is used in this working state, and whether it will affect the drilling operation.

Analyze the bottom hole pattern formed by different working angles, observe the size of the bottom hammer tooth pit, the smoothness of the well wall and the scratches of the hammer tooth on the well wall, so as to evaluate whether the air hammer will cause wear to the hammer head when it is used in this working state. Influence.

The present invention further includes using the device and method to conduct rock-breaking experiments with the air hammer by changing parameters such as drill pressure, rotational speed, and working air pressure, so as to evaluate the rock-breaking effect of the air hammer under different working conditions.

The present invention further includes, using the device and method, performing a rock-breaking experiment of an air hammer under certain working conditions by replacing different rock cores, so as to evaluate the rock-breaking effect of the air hammer on different rock cores.

The present invention further includes, using the device and method, by using the core holder to apply different confining pressures to the cores of the same lithology, and carrying out the rock breaking experiment of the air hammer under certain working conditions, thereby evaluating different confining pressure conditions Under the air hammer rock breaking effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of evaluation device of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the evaluation device of the present invention

In the figure: 1. Lifting frame column, 2. Injection pressure sensor, 3. Front axle, 4. Drilling block, 5. Lifting oil cylinder, 6. Lifting block with locking mechanism, 7. Rotating mechanism, 8. Rotary joint, 9. Drill pipe short connection, 10. Wireless stress wave monitor, 11. Experimental frame, 12. Air hammer to be tested, 13. Drill pressure cylinder, 14. Air hammer hammer to be tested, 15. Core holder, 16. Strengthening ridge, 17. Translation block, 18. Locking mechanism, 19. Slide rail, 20. Inclination angle meter, 21. Displacement sensor, 22. Bit pressure sensor, 23. Rock core Holder base, 24, rear axle.

Detailed ways

Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

See Figure 1 and Figure 2.

An air hammer performance evaluation device is composed of a test frame, a drilling system, a core holder, a lifting system, and a data acquisition system.

The experiment frame includes an experiment frame body 11, a front axle 3 and a rear axle 24, and the experiment frame body is combined back to back by two sections of channel steel to form a slide rail.

Described drilling system comprises and adds drilling pressure cylinder 13, drilling block 4 and rotating mechanism 7, and described adding drilling pressure cylinder 13 is fixed in the middle of experiment frame frame body 11, and its piston end is connected with drilling block 4, and described drilling The trolley 4 can slide along the slide rail of the test rack body; the rotating mechanism 7 is connected to the rotary joint 8, and the rotary joint is connected to the air hammer 12 to be tested through the drill pipe short connection 9, and the air hammer to be tested is connected to the air hammer to be tested. hammerhead14.

Described rock core holder 15 is fixed on the test stand frame body 11 by its base 23, and its afterbody has reinforcing ridge 16, and rock core is housed in the rock core holder, is opposite to the hammer head of the air hammer to be tested.

The lifting system includes a lifting frame column 1, a lifting cylinder 5, a lifting block 6 and a translation block 17 with a locking mechanism, and the translation block has a locking mechanism 18; the front axle 3 of the test frame is hinged on the On the lifting block, the rear axle 24 is hinged on the translation block, and when the lifting cylinder promotes the lifting block to rise, the test frame slides along the slide rail 19 of the translation block under traction.

The data acquisition system includes an injection pressure sensor 2, a wireless stress wave monitor 10, an inclination angle meter 20, a displacement sensor 21, and a weight-on-bit pressure sensor 22. The injection pressure sensor 2 is located on the gas injection port of the rotary joint 8, and the A wireless stress wave monitor 10 is attached to the drill pipe short 9 . The inclination angle meter 20 and the displacement sensor 21 are all located on the test frame frame body 11, and the drilling pressure sensor 22 is located on the drilling pressure cylinder 13. Drilling speed and drilling pressure.

To compare the working performance of the air hammer at 20° and 80°, the specific implementation method is as follows:

1) Connect the air hammer 12 to be tested to the air hammer hammer head 14, and connect it to the drill pipe nipple 9, put the core into the core holder 15, and clamp it;

2) Start the oil pump to pump hydraulic oil into the lifting cylinder 5 to push the lifting block 6 up. When the inclination angle meter 20 shows 20°, use the locking device to fix the test frame at this angle;

3) Turn on the rotating mechanism 7, provide a certain torque and drilling speed to the air hammer 12 to be tested, and use the air compressor to supply air to the air hammer to be tested through the rotary joint 8, so that the air hammer is in the waiting state;

4) Turn the controller to the forward gear, and inject a certain pressure of gas into the drilling pressure cylinder 13, so that the drilling block 4 moves forward, and press the air hammer head 14 on the core to be tested, so that the air to be tested The hammer 12 starts to punch and starts to break the rock core;

5) The working angle of the air hammer is measured by the inclination angle meter 20, the injection gas pressure is monitored by the injection pressure sensor 2, the bit pressure is measured by the bit pressure sensor 22, and the speed of the air hammer is obtained by converting the motor frequency of the rotating mechanism. Analyze the records of the high-speed camera, measure the time consumed by a certain stroke, and obtain the impact frequency of the air hammer. The drilling speed of the air hammer is measured by the displacement sensor 21. The impact energy of the air hammer is monitored by the wireless stress wave monitor 10. The stress wave data obtained by conversion;

6) When the displacement sensor shows that the air hammer has broken the rock to a certain length, suspend the experiment, switch the controller to the reverse gear, and reversely feed a certain pressure of gas into the drilling pressure cylinder 13 to make the drilling block 4 move backward , return to the original position, save the stress wave data, high-speed camera images, and various sensor data during the experiment, remove the core, and collect cuttings;

7) Start the oil pump to pump hydraulic oil into the lifting cylinder to push the lifting block 6 up. When the inclination angle meter shows 80°, use the locking device to fix the test frame at this angle, and replace the core with a new one. Repeat the above steps;

8) Comparing the working angle, injection pressure, weight on bit, and rotating speed of the two experiments with the impact frequency, drilling speed, and impact energy of the air hammer, it is possible to evaluate the impact of the air hammer's working performance with angle changes.

Using this evaluation method, various air hammer performance comparison experiments can also be carried out:

When comparing the working performance of air hammers with different operating parameters, it is only necessary to compare the drilling speed, stress wave data, bottom hole mode, and cuttings obtained from the experiment by changing the operating parameters such as the drilling pressure, rotational speed, and injection pressure. That is to say, the influence of different operating parameters on the performance of the air hammer can be evaluated.

When comparing the working performance of air hammers with different lithologies, it is only necessary to replace the artificial average cores involved in the test with actual granite, mudstone, sandstone and other different cores, and to compare the penetration rate, stress wave data, and bottom hole mode obtained from the experiment. Comparing the lithology and rock cuttings can evaluate the influence of different lithology on the working performance of the air hammer.

When comparing the working performance of air hammers with different confining pressures, it is only necessary to change the confining pressure applied by the core holder to the test core, and the penetration rate, stress wave data, bottom hole mode, cuttings obtained in the experiment By making a comparison, the influence of different confining pressures on the working performance of the air hammer can be evaluated.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of evaluation device of air hammer performance, is made up of test frame, drilling system, rock core holder, lifting system, data acquisition system, it is characterized in that, described test frame comprises test frame body (11), Front axle (3) and rear axle (24), described experiment stand body is combined back to back by two section channel steels, forms slide rail; Described drilling system comprises drilling pressure cylinder (13), drilling block (4) And the rotating mechanism (7), the described pressure-on-drilling cylinder (13) is fixed in the middle of the test frame body (11), and its piston end is connected to the drilling block (4), and the drilling block (4) can be moved along the test frame. The slide rail of the frame body slides, and the rotating mechanism (7) connects the swivel joint (8), and the swivel joint connects the air hammer to be tested (12) through the drill pipe short (9); the core holder (15 ) is fixed on the test rack body (11) by its base (23), its tail has a reinforcing ridge (16), and a rock core is housed in the rock core holder, which is opposite to the air hammer hammer head (14) to be tested; The lifting system comprises a lifting frame column (1), a lifting oil cylinder (5), a lifting block (6) and a sliding block (17) with a locking mechanism, and the front axle (3) of the experimental frame is hinged On the lift block, the rear axle (24) is hinged on the translation block; the data acquisition system includes an injection pressure sensor (2), a wireless stress wave monitor (10), an inclination angle meter (20), a displacement sensor ( 21), the drilling weight pressure sensor (22), the injection pressure sensor (2) is located on the gas injection port of the rotary joint (8), and the wireless stress wave monitor (10) is attached to the drill pipe short (9) , the inclination angle meter (20) and the displacement sensor (21) are all located on the test rack body (11), and the weight-on-bit pressure sensor (22) is located on the weight-on-bit cylinder (13). 2. utilize the device described in claim 1 to carry out the method for evaluating the impact of the working performance of air hammer with angle change, comprise the following steps successively: 1) Place the air hammer to be tested and the artificial homogeneous core on the test frame, and tilt the test frame to a certain angle; 2) Input a certain pressure of high-pressure gas into the air hammer to be tested, and rotate it at a certain speed, so that the air hammer is in the state of drilling, and record its input pressure value and speed in real time; 3) Move the air hammer to make it contact with the test core, break the core, continuously provide a certain amount of WOB to the air hammer, and record the pressure value in real time; 4) During the process of the air hammer breaking rocks, a high-speed camera is used to shoot at the head of the air hammer; 5) The working angle of the air hammer is measured by the inclination angle meter, the injection gas pressure is monitored by the injection pressure sensor, the bit pressure is measured by the bit pressure sensor, the speed of the air hammer is obtained by converting the motor frequency of the rotating mechanism, and the drill pressure of the air hammer The speed is measured by the displacement sensor. The impact energy of the air hammer is obtained by converting the stress wave data monitored by the wireless stress wave monitor. By analyzing the records of the high-speed camera, the time consumed by a certain stroke can be measured, and the air Hammer impact frequency; 6) When the displacement sensor shows that the air hammer has broken the rock to a specified length, stop the experiment; 7) Readjust the inclination angle of the test frame, replace the core with a new one, and repeat the experiment to evaluate the influence of the working performance of the air hammer with the angle change. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, when comparing the working performance of air hammers with different working condition parameters, the drilling pressure, rotating speed and injection pressure are changed; , replace the core with granite, mudstone, and sandstone; when comparing the working performance of air hammers with different confining pressures, changing the confining pressure applied by the core holder to the core can change the drill pressure, rotational speed, injection pressure, core , The effect of confining pressure on the working performance of air hammer is evaluated.