CN103161586B - For improving the method and system that electromotor starts - Google Patents

For improving the method and system that electromotor starts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103161586B
CN103161586B CN201210544690.8A CN201210544690A CN103161586B CN 103161586 B CN103161586 B CN 103161586B CN 201210544690 A CN201210544690 A CN 201210544690A CN 103161586 B CN103161586 B CN 103161586B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cylinder
fuel
air
throttle
injection
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201210544690.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103161586A (en
Inventor
T·G·莱昂内
R·D·皮尔西弗
J·N·阿勒瑞
D·J·刘易斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F02D19/084—Blends of gasoline and alcohols, e.g. E85
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F02D13/0265—Negative valve overlap for temporarily storing residual gas in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0249—Starting engine, e.g. closing throttle in Diesel engine to reduce starting torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0272—Two or more throttles disposed in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Present invention is disclosed a kind of for improving engine system and the method that electromotor starts.In one example, regulation engine inlets air throttle is to improve the fuel vaporization of the fuel including alcohols.System and method can improve electromotor and start and discharge.

Description

For improving the method and system that electromotor starts
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of for improving the method and system that electromotor starts.
[background technology]
It is likely difficult at a lower temperature start the electromotor using the fuel including alcohols, because being likely difficult to Evaporation alcohols also promotes burning.A kind of improvement includes that the method for the evaporation of the fuel of alcohols is for entering at injection fuel Fuel is heated before entering electromotor.However, it may be difficult to provide enough heat to fuel in mode timely Make the fuel vaporization when being injected into cylinder.Specifically, hence it may becomes difficult to be heated to fuel allowing in burning The temperature of fuel vaporization is made in time between event.Include accordingly, it may be desirable to provide one to start use The method of the electromotor of the fuel of alcohols, and method does not include heating fuel.
[summary of the invention]
Inventor has realized that above-mentioned limiting and have been developed for a kind of side starting electromotor at this Method, comprises: generally close the port throttle of cylinder；When port throttle is substantially closed at vapour Spraying at least some of to cylinder of a certain amount of fuel during cylinder circulation, the fuel quantity of this injection is for include Substantially align with the predetermined vacuum level of cylinder (aligned) centre position interim injection.
By closing cylinder air inlet road air throttle and building vacuum in the cylinder, use can be improved and include alcohols The starting of the electromotor of fuel.Specifically, cylinder air inlet road joint can be closed during the induction stroke of cylinder Valve allows to provide in the cylinder than not being that the vacuum in cylinder during air intake duct solar term is higher at cylinder (greater) vacuum level.Additionally, can be by fuel when the vacuum in cylinder is in higher level It is injected in cylinder improving fuel vaporization.In one example, to relate generally to (about) predetermined true The timing injection fuel of empty horizontal symmetry.Predetermined vacuum level can be the vapour during the previous cycle of cylinder Cylinder max vac level.In some instances, can be from the position estimation of electromotor during cylinder cycle Max vac level.So, fuel injection timing is coordinated with cylinder air inlet road throttle position and piston position To improve fuel vaporization and electromotor starting.
The present invention can provide multiple advantage.Especially, this method can provide more when relatively low engine temperature Sane electromotor starts.Start additionally, method reduces electromotor also by improving fuel vaporization and starting Discharge.Such as, the fuel vaporization of improvement can reduce the engine fire during starting and thus reduce Hydrocarbon emission.Extraly, due to cylinder air inlet road air throttle may be used for except electromotor start with Outer purpose, this method can be more cost-efficient compared to other method.Such as, when air inlet discrimination When pipe pressure is higher, port throttle can be useful for providing vacuum.
According to one embodiment of the invention, spray fuel further contained in during cylinder cycle in interim Enter cylinder, be wherein spaced substantially centered by the predetermined vacuum level of cylinder.
According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein spray fuel with two or more fuel impulses, and the most pre- Determine vacuum level to be generally located at the induction stroke lower dead center of cylinder.
According to one embodiment of the invention, comprise further in response to being injected into the fuel type of cylinder in advance The injection at this interval starts timing, and when wherein not having alcohols to enter cylinder when injected petrol this interval is substantially On not centered by the induction stroke lower dead center of cylinder.
According to one embodiment of the invention, at least a part of which is partly opened port throttle and is included along with hope Cylinder air amount increase and increase the open amount of port throttle.
According to one aspect of the invention, it is provided that a kind of system for controlling electromotor, comprise: along starting The engine charge air throttle that machine air inlet passage is arranged；Along starting of engine charge air throttle downstream The first engine cylinder port throttle that machine air inlet passage is arranged；It is positioned at the first engine cylinder to enter First fuel injector in air flue air throttle downstream；Fuel is received and via first via the first fuel injector Engine cylinder port throttle receives the cylinder of air；And controller, it include instruct for The fuel of the amount of being substantially the same is sprayed before and after reaching the predetermined vacuum level of cylinder during cylinder cycle, and It includes that extra instruction is for starting to spray fuel at the first fuel injector during this circulation of cylinder Open the first engine cylinder port throttle afterwards.
According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein the first fuel injector is direct fuel ejector, and system Comprise the second engine cylinder port throttle further, and system comprise further extra instruction for The second engine cylinder port throttle is regulated independent of the first engine cylinder port throttle.
According to one embodiment of the invention, comprise extra instruction further and send out for reaching predetermined at electromotor The first engine cylinder port throttle is substantially fully opened after motivation rotating speed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, wherein independent with twice before and after reaching predetermined vacuum level Impulse jet enter cylinder same amount of fuel.
According to one embodiment of the invention, comprise further extra instruction for during cylinder cycle at vapour The first engine cylinder port throttle is substantially closed after the IC Intake Valve Closes of cylinder.
According to one embodiment of present invention, its middle controller includes further instructing for turning when electromotor Position and the crank position of electromotor of the first engine cylinder port throttle is synchronized when speed is less than threshold value.
From being detailed below or being combined with accompanying drawing, the above-mentioned advantage of the present invention and further advantage and feature Can become apparent from.
Should be appreciated that the above-mentioned brief description of offer introduces in a simple form by specific embodiment portion below Divide the series of concepts that will be described with.It is not meant to identify that the key of claim theme or essence are special Levying, the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims uniquely.Additionally, claimed subject matter is not limited to solve The certainly embodiment of shortcoming that is any of above or that mention in this specification any part.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of electromotor.
Fig. 2 shows the collection of illustrative plates of example cylinder pressure.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shows example modelled engine start sequence.
Fig. 5 shows engine fuel conveying and the simulation of port throttle operating during the circulation of cylinder The detailed view of example.
Fig. 6 shows engine fuel conveying and the second of port throttle operating during the circulation of cylinder The detailed view of simulation example.
Fig. 7 shows the flow chart of the exemplary method for starting electromotor.
Fig. 8 shows example modelled engine start sequence.
Fig. 9 shows the flow chart of the second exemplary method for starting electromotor.
[detailed description of the invention]
The present invention relates to control the cylinder air inlet road air throttle of the electromotor shown in Fig. 1.Show vapour in fig. 2 The example collection of illustrative plates of cylinder pressure and its provide about during relatively low engine speed situation in cylinder The understanding of the position of big vacuum.In one example, during electromotor starts, it is independently adjusted multiple cylinder Port throttle is to provide the fuel vaporization improved.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shows the phase during electromotor starts OFF signal.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 provides the detailed view of different fuel timing during electromotor starts.Can root Cylinder air inlet road air throttle is controlled to provide such as the sequence described in Fig. 3-6 according to the method for Fig. 7.Fig. 8 shows use In the alternative engine start sequence of system, wherein engine inlets air throttle can unanimously operate. Fig. 9 is the flow chart of the alternative for controlling cylinder air inlet road air throttle.
With reference now to Fig. 1, including the explosive motor 10 of multiple cylinders (showing a cylinder in Fig. 1) Controlled by electronic engine control 12.Electromotor 10 includes combustor 30 and cylinder wall 32, and piston 36 is positioned at Wherein and with bent axle 40 it is connected.Combustor 30 is illustrated by respective inlet valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 and air inlet Manifold 44 connects with exhaust manifold 48.Each inlet valve and exhaust valve can be by admission cam 51 and exhaust cams 53 Operating.Alternately, one or more in inlet valve and exhaust valve can be by the valve coil of Electromechanical Control and electricity Pivot assembly operates.The position of admission cam 51 can be determined by admission cam sensor 55.Can be convex by aerofluxus Wheel sensor 57 determines the position of exhaust cam 53.
Fuel injector 66 is illustrated within direct fuel injection and has entered cylinder 30(those skilled in that art Know for directly injection) position.Alternately, fuel can inject directly to air intake duct (technology in this area Personnel are known as intake port injection).If fuel is by intake port injection, then passage injector position Between inlet valve 52 and cylinder air inlet road air throttle 83.Fuel injector 66 and the FPW from controller 12 The pulse width of signal proportionally transporting liquid fuel.Fuel is by comprising fuel tank, petrolift and fuel The fuel system (not shown) of track (not shown) is delivered to fuel injector 66.From response controller 12 Driver 68 provide running current to fuel injector 66.It addition, inlet manifold 44 be shown as with optionally Electronic throttle 62 is connected, and the position of electronic throttle regulation choke block 64 is to control from engine air The air mass flow of air inlet 42.Port throttle 83 controls via limiting or open cylinder air inlet road 81 to flow into The air of cylinder 30.In the electromotor with multiple cylinder, it is provided that multiple independent air intake ducts controlled Air throttle makes the port throttle of the first cylinder can with the port throttle of another cylinder differently Arrange.In other example, each port throttle of cylinder group can be mechanically connected to cylinder group Other port throttle makes the port throttle of cylinder group as one man to move.
DIS 88 provides igniting by spark plug 92 to combustor 30 in response to controller 12 Spark.General or wide area aerofluxus oxygen (UEGO) sensor 126 is shown as connected to catalytic converter 70 upstream Exhaust manifold 48.Alternately, UEGO sensor 126 can be replaced with bifurcation exhaust gas oxygen sensor.
In one example, converter 70 can include multiple catalyst block.In another example, can use Multiple emission control systems, each emission control system is all with multiple catalyst blocks.In one example, Converter 70 can be three-way catalyst.
Fig. 1 middle controller 12 is shown as normal miniature computer, including: microprocessor unit 102, input/ Output port 104, read only memory 106, random access storage device 108, do not lost efficacy (keep alive) Memorizer 110 and conventional data bus.The sensor that controller 12 is shown as from being connected to electromotor 10 connects Receive multiple signal, also include in addition to aforementioned signal: from the sensor 112 being connected to cooling cover 114 Engine coolant temperature (ECT)；It is connected to accelerator pedal 130 for sensing the acceleration of foot 132 regulation The position sensor 134 of device position；Electromotor discrimination from the pressure transducer 122 being connected to inlet manifold 44 Pipe pressure (MAP) measured value；Come self induction bent axle 40 position hall effect sensor 118 start seat in the plane Put sensor；From sensor 120(such as, hot wire air flowmeter) enter electromotor air Quality measured values；And the measurement of throttle position from sensor 58.Also can sense and (not show sensing Device) atmospheric pressure processes for controller 12.At the preferred aspect of the present invention, engine position sensor 118 Produce the equi-spaced pulses of predetermined number when bent axle rotates every time, can determine that engine speed (RPM) according to it.
In some instances, electromotor can be connected with the electric motor/battery system in motor vehicle driven by mixed power.Mixed Close power car and can have parallel configuration, arranged in series or its deformation or combination.It addition, implement at some In example, other electromotor can be used to configure, such as Diesel engine.
During operation, each cylinder in electromotor 10 is usually subjected to four-stroke cycle: this circulation include into Gas stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke and exhaust stroke.Generally, during induction stroke, aerofluxus Door 54 is closed and inlet valve 52 is opened.Air imports combustor 30 by inlet manifold 44, and piston 36 moves To cylinder foot so that the volume increased in combustor 30.Piston 36 is at the last residing close vapour of this stroke The position (i.e. when combustor 30 is in its maximum volume) in cylinder bottom portion is generally generally referred to by those skilled in the art as Lower dead center (BDC).During compression stroke, inlet valve 52 is closed with exhaust valve 54.Piston 36 is towards cylinder Lid is mobile so that at combustor 30 compressed air.Last residing closest to cylinder at this stroke of piston 36 The position (i.e. when combustor 30 is in its minimum volume) at top is generally generally referred to by those skilled in the art as Stop (TDC).During being next referred to as injection, fuel is imported into combustor.Next During being referred to as igniting, the fuel of injection can be lighted a fire by known sparking mode (such as spark plug 92) Cause burning.During expansion stroke, the gas push piston 36 of expansion returns to BDC.Bent axle 40 is by piston Motion is converted to the rotation torque of rotary shaft.Finally, during exhaust stroke, exhaust valve 54 is opened to fire The air fuel mixture burnt discharges to exhaust manifold 48, and piston then returns TDC.The most only note that It is shown as example, inlet valve and exhaust valve to open and/or closure timings is variable to such as provide positive valve Overlap or negative valve overlap, the closedown of retarded admission door or other example multiple.
Therefore, the system of Fig. 1 provides a kind of electromotor, comprises: along engine air air intake duct (air Intake passage) the engine air air inlet shutter (air intake throttle) that arranges； The first engine cylinder arranged along the engine air air intake duct of engine air throttle passage downstream Port throttle (port throttle)；It is positioned at the first engine cylinder port throttle downstream First fuel injector；Fuel is received and via the first engine cylinder air intake duct via the first fuel injector Air throttle receives the cylinder of air；And controller, it includes that instruction is for reaching during the circulation of cylinder To spraying the fuel of the amount of being substantially the same before and after the predetermined vacuum level of cylinder, and it includes extra finger Order starts to open after spraying fuel the first electromotor for circulation period the first fuel injector at cylinder Cylinder air inlet road air throttle.As such, it is possible to injection fuel at the time of fuel vaporization can increased.
System also includes that wherein the first fuel injector is direct fuel ejector, and farther includes second Engine cylinder port throttle, and farther include extra instruction for independent of the first electromotor vapour Cylinder port throttle and regulate the second engine cylinder port throttle.System comprises extra further Instruction is entered for being substantially fully open the first engine cylinder after electromotor reaches predetermined engine speed Air flue air throttle.In some instances, system includes wherein spraying before and after reaching predetermined vacuum level The same amount of fuel injecting cylinder is the impulse jet independent with twice.System farther includes additionally Instruction for substantially closing the first electromotor during the circulation of cylinder after the IC Intake Valve Closes of cylinder Cylinder air inlet road air throttle.It is port fuel injection that system farther includes wherein the first fuel injector Device, and farther include extra instruction for spraying via port fuel when the inlet valve of cylinder is opened Device injection fuel enters cylinder.
Referring now to Fig. 2, it is shown that with the example collection of illustrative plates of cylinder pressure of the electromotor of 750RPM operating.X Axle instruction cylinder volume and cylinder volume increase from left to right.Y-axis instruction cylinder pressure and pressure from collection of illustrative plates Bottom increases towards top.Cylinder pressure is represented by curve 200.
Pressure in cylinder is followed by corresponding respectively to air inlet, compressing, expand and the direction arrow of exhaust stroke Track indicated by 210,212,214 and 216.Along with piston moves vapour towards induction stroke lower dead center Cylinder volume increases along arrow 210 direction.Piston arrive at 204 induction stroke lower dead center not long ago (shortly before) cylinder pressure reaches the floor level indicated by horizontal line 202.Can be by fuel Be injected into cylinder or cylinder air inlet road make the midpoint of fuel injection interval substantially with indicated at 206 Centered by little cylinder pressure (centered).Vapour after piston moves through lower dead center and enters compression stroke Cylinder pressure starts increase and follow the track indicated by arrow 212.
Notice that the track of cylinder pressure curve 200 has the most shallower (shallower) in the left side of labelling 206 Slope and cylinder pressure rise faster on the right side of labelling 206.Therefore, in some instances, when by fuel Being centrally disposed on minimum cylinder pressure of the interval of injection can make a part for injection interval be placed in than During the higher pressure region of the cylinder pressure of the injection interval of other side at the midpoint of injection interval, fuel sprays The part of duration can bias in advance (biased advanced) (such as, in the induction stroke phase Between the left side of labelling 206).Such as, can spray in the time in the left side of labelling 206 during cylinder cycle The fuel injection pulses of 60% and remain the fuel injection pulses of 40% and can carry out on the right side of labelling 206.This Sample, can arrange fuel injection pulses and the fuel of injection during injection interval is exposed at injection interval Duration cylinder in minimum pressure under.
When the mid portion at fuel injector interval is in wherein vapour during cylinder air inlet and/or compression stroke When cylinder volume is during the time period within the 20% of maximum in-cylinder volume, the mid portion of fuel injection interval can To be generally located at induction stroke lower dead center.In other example, when fuel injector interval, mid portion is in Within wherein during cylinder air inlet and/or compression stroke, cylinder volume is the 10% of maximum in-cylinder volume time Between during section time fuel injection interval mid portion can be generally located at induction stroke lower dead center.Such as, combustion The mid portion at material ejector interval may be located at labelling 206 or wherein cylinder volume be in 500 and It is still considered as being generally located at the position of induction stroke lower dead center.
Referring now to Fig. 3, illustrate exemplary engine starting sequence.Can lead in system as shown in Figure 1 Cross controller 12 to perform the instruction of method described in Fig. 7 and sequence is provided.Sequence illustrates to include that air enters Throttle valve and the electromotor of cylinder air inlet road air throttle.
The first width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the four cylinder four-stroke of the firing order with 1-3-4-2 and starts The track of the piston of the cylinder 1 and 3 in machine.Line 302 represents the position of the piston of a cylinder and line 304 Represent the position of the piston of No. three cylinders.When track is in sinusoidal top, each piston is in Stop.When sinusoidal bottom, each piston is in lower dead center.Point 306 represent each cylinder relative to The IC Intake Valve Closes timing of piston track.Time start in the left side of collection of illustrative plates and towards collection of illustrative plates right side increase.
The second width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the cylinder air inlet in the cylinder air inlet road of a cylinder and No. three cylinders Road pressure.Solid line 308 represents the cylinder air inlet road pressure of a cylinder.Dotted line 309 represents the vapour of No. three cylinders Cylinder inlet pressure.Y-axis represents cylinder pressure and cylinder pressure to be increased along the Y-axis direction of arrow.X-axis represents Time and time increase towards right side on the left of collection of illustrative plates.Horizontal line 330 represents atmospheric pressure.Therefore, cylinder is worked as When inlet pressure is less than horizontal line 330, in cylinder air inlet road, there is vacuum.
The 3rd width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the fuel injection timing of No. one and No. three cylinder of electromotor.One The fuel injection of number cylinder is represented by solid line 310.The fuel injection of No. three cylinders is represented by dotted line 312.Y-axis Represent and when spray fuel.Higher than the injection instruction of the fuel of X-axis at illustrated time injection fuel.X-axis generation Table time and time start in the left side of collection of illustrative plates and its towards collection of illustrative plates right side increase.Numeral above fuel impulse Instruction is to which cylinder injection fuel.Therefore, numbering follows combusted cylinder order.
The 4th width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the air inlet shutter position relative to the time.Y-axis represents air and enters Throttle valve open amount and throttle opening amount increase towards the Y-axis direction of arrow.X-axis represents time and time from figure The left side of spectrum increases towards the right side of collection of illustrative plates.
The 5th width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the air stream that can adjust a number cylinder of inflow relative to the time The position of the first port throttle of amount.Y-axis represents the open amount of port throttle and air intake duct solar term Door open amount increases along the direction of Y-axis arrow.X-axis represents time and time from the left side of collection of illustrative plates towards the right side of figure Side increases.
The top of Fig. 3 is played the 6th width figure and is represented the air stream that can adjust No. three cylinders of inflow of relative time The position of the 3rd port throttle of amount.Y-axis represents the open amount of port throttle and air intake duct solar term Door open amount increases along the direction of Y-axis arrow.X-axis represents time and time from the left side of collection of illustrative plates towards the right side of figure Side increases.
The 7th width figure that Fig. 3 rises at top represents the hope cylinder during cylinder cycle during combustion process Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP).Can increase by increasing the air and the amount of fuel sucking cylinder Add IMEP.Y-axis represents IMEP and the IMEP direction increase along Y-axis arrow.X-axis represent time and time from The left side of collection of illustrative plates increases towards the right side of collection of illustrative plates.
The top of Fig. 3 is played the 8th width figure and is represented the engine speed of relative time.Y-axis represent engine speed and Engine speed increases towards the Y-axis direction of arrow.X-axis represents time and time from the left side of collection of illustrative plates towards the right side of collection of illustrative plates Side increases.
Vertical marker T0-T18Represent correlation time in sequence.Sequence is at time T0Place starts and towards T18's Direction is carried out.
At time T0Place, engine stop and not to engine spray fuel.Such as first and the 3rd air intake duct vapour Cylinder air throttle is the same, and air intake door is set to the position substantially closed.Desired cylinder IMEP value is ordered Order makes cylinder during electromotor starts to accelerate to from rotation starting speed rapidly for of a relatively high Idling.Before the piston of a number cylinder is stopped exactly at exhaust stroke top dead center (TDC).No. three cylinders Before piston is stopped exactly at expansion stroke lower dead center (BDC).
At time T0With time T1Between, rotate starting electromotor via starter and piston starts in the cylinder Mobile.Engine speed increases to rotate starting speed (such as 250RPM).Along with engine rotation, send out Motivation controller 12 judges to spray in how much fuel and cylinder to allow how many air in cylinder.Electromotor control Device processed further determines when to start and terminate injection and the spark timing of fuel.In some instances, turning Engine location can be determined from camshaft and crankshaft position sensor during dynamic starting.In other example, Engine location can be stored in memory when engine stop.
At time T1Place, the piston (such as seeing the track of line 302) of a cylinder is close to induction stroke BDC. The the first fuel injection risen since engine stop occurs at T1At time, wherein fuel is injected into a vapour Cylinder.A cylinder can be entered with direct fuel injection or enter the air intake duct of a cylinder.Fuel injection is held Continuous until time T2Place.Therefore, the combustion of the first time injection fuel to a cylinder is played since engine stop Material injection interval is T1And T2Between time.Additionally, spray this fuel quantity during interval of time, And time interval include substantially with maximum in-cylinder air intake duct vacuum during cylinder cycle (minimum cylinder pressure) Or the mid portion alignd with the induction stroke lower dead center of cylinder.In some instances, can be with crankshaft angles Weigh fuel injection time interval.Noting, the fuel injection time of a cylinder is spaced with at a cylinder Centered by minimum pressure in air intake duct.Such as, before piston substantially minimizes cylinder air inlet road pressure Spray the fuel quantity identical with after cylinder air inlet road pressure starts to increase and enter cylinder.In some instances, Injecting time can be centered by the induction stroke lower dead center of cylinder.In this example, spray with individual pulse width Penetrate fuel；But, in other example, twice or more independent pulse can deliver fuel to vapour Cylinder.
From time T0To time T2First port throttle remains turned-off so that along with the increase of cylinder volume Vacuum is formed in a cylinder.When the piston of a cylinder is close to BDC, the vacuum of a number cylinder reaches to connect Nearly maximum.Therefore, form injection fuel in the cylinder of max vacuum wherein and can improve fuel such as alcohols Evaporation.At time T2Locate the first port throttle to start to open at.But, in other example, first Port throttle can start before fuel injection terminates.Open first port throttle allow air with Higher flow enters the air of the cylinder amount of making it desirable to can enter cylinder.Desired air capacity can be based on uncommon The IMEP hoped.The open amount of the timing and the first port throttle of opening the first port throttle controls Enter the air capacity of cylinder.In other words, after spraying still before IC Intake Valve Closes (IVC) Open port throttle, control air inflation.Air inflation is set by the cylinder pressure at IVC.Right Tens (many tens of) angle after IVC, port throttle position is to fuel vaporization or air Ventilating control does not affect.Which reduce engine synchronization port throttle demand for control.As by some institute Instruction at T3The IC Intake Valve Closes time of number cylinder in place determines when that the air flowing into cylinder stops.Cause This, increase the air flowing into cylinder by opening the first port throttle.In other words, by closing The inlet valve of a number cylinder and stop flow into the air of a cylinder.As such, it is possible to saved by the first air intake duct Valve is opened the closure timings of the inlet valve of timing and a cylinder and is controlled to flow into the air of cylinder.
Should be appreciated that under relatively low engine speed, such as, rise to idle in rotation starting and engine speed At least some of period of speed, due to engine speed is relatively low and time between cylinder air inlet event relatively Long, cylinder air inlet road air throttle can be opened according to crank position.The closure timings of cylinder air inlet road air throttle It is the most inessential because IC Intake Valve Closes timing determines when that the air stream flowing into cylinder stops.As such, it is possible to The dynamic need of reduction mobile cylinder air inlet road air throttle, and port throttle measurable inflow electromotor vapour The air of cylinder.Additionally, when engine speed is less than threshold rotation rate cylinder air inlet road air throttle can with start Machine crankshaft position angle synchronizes.Such as, can at predetermined bent axle just during rotating starting and rotating speed rising Time open cylinder air inlet road air throttle.
Therefore, higher (such as when the pressure in air intake duct when the vacuum in cylinder air inlet road during cylinder cycle When power is relatively low) by fuel spray to a cylinder, and allow air to flow into after fuel vaporization in cylinder with There is provided to wish the cylinder air amount of ratio (such as air-fuel ratio is as 10:1) coupling fuel quantity.Along with No. one Cylinder continues its cylinder cycle and closed an air intake duct joint before the inflation of another air introduces a cylinder Valve.
At T1And T3Between period the 3rd time period port throttle remain turned-off.Air intake door It is also displayed as in the closed position and desired cylinder IMEP to rest on higher level and make the electromotor can be fast Speed ground accelerates to idling from rotating starting speed.
At time T4Place, the piston of No. three cylinders fuel close to BDC and to No. three cylinders sprays and starts.Enter Enter the fuel injection duration of No. three cylinders until time T5.It should be noted that the fuel provided to No. three cylinders is also During being in cylinder cycle about (about) No. three cylinder air inlet road pressure, the time of minima is symmetrical 's.The fuel of No. three cylinders is being injected in time T5After place stops, the 3rd port throttle starts to beat Open.But, the 3rd port throttle can start to open at earlier, but for beating in fuel injection period Opening the cylinder of cylinder air inlet road air throttle, fuel vaporization can reduce.When at time T6The air inlet of No. three cylinders in place When door is closed, the 3rd port throttle is compared to when at time T3Locate the first air intake duct when a cylinder is closed Air throttle opening is opened less.Thus, during No. three cylinders for the first time burn cycle, introduce No. three cylinders Air capacity less than during the circulation of a cylinder introduce a cylinder air capacity.Based on the hope reduced IMEP and reduce the air and the fuel quantity that allow access into No. three cylinders.Reducing IMEP makes engine speed not Can be relatively large beyond desired engine speed.The 3rd air intake duct joint was closed before subsequent combustion cycle starts Valve.
At time T6With time T7Between, electromotor accelerates and electromotor rotates during extra cylinder cycle. Along with engine speed increase, it is desirable to cylinder IMEP reduce make engine speed without departing from desired More than the desired amount of motivation rotating speed.Air intake door still remains off so that in motor intake manifold Air reduce.
At time T7Place, the piston of a cylinder is again close to the BDC of induction stroke so starting a cylinder The fuel injection start of previous cycle.During cylinder cycle, fuel injection is the most substantially entered with minimum cylinder Centered by airway pressure (maximum in-cylinder air intake duct vacuum), and cylinder minimum inlet pressure is minimum with cylinder Pressure is interrelated.So, in this circulation and other cylinder cycle, fuel injection is the most permissible Centered by minimum cylinder pressure.The fuel of a number cylinder is injected in time T8Place stops.It is similar at No. one During first burn cycle of cylinder, after fuel injection stops, the first cylinder air inlet road air throttle starts to beat Open.The inlet valve of a number cylinder is at time T9Place closes and enters the air stream of a cylinder and stops.Along with sending out Motivation is accelerated, and the time quantum between cylinder stroke reduces.But, be injected into the fuel quantity of cylinder along with Desired cylinder IMEP reduces and reduces.Therefore, the shorter time between cylinder cycle leads at least in part Cross to spend and enter the shorter time quantum of cylinder for injection fuel more in a small amount and offset.Additionally, the first cylinder Port throttle is less to reduce cylinder compared to open during the previous burn cycle of a cylinder IMEP and obtain desired cylinder air-fuel mixture.
At time T10-T12Between, the piston of No. three cylinders is again close to the BDC of induction stroke thus about No. three The induction stroke minimum cylinder air inlet road pressure of cylinder sprays fuel symmetrically.Additionally, along with desired IMEP Persistently reduce regulation the 3rd cylinder air inlet road throttle position to reduce IMEP further.
At time T13-T18Between, the piston of No. one and No. three cylinder is again close to the respective BDC of induction stroke Position thus spray fuel symmetrically about the minimum cylinder air inlet road pressure during the induction stroke of cylinder. Also regulation first and the 3rd port throttle are to reduce the IMEP of No. one and No. three cylinder.But, substitute again Secondary closedown, first and the 3rd cylinder air inlet road solar term be fully open and via air intake door adjust Flow into the air of cylinder.Air intake door is opened to allow air to turn to provide up desired electromotor The level of the moment of torsion of speed flows into engine cylinder.Engine speed continues to increase and final at desired electromotor Rotating speed reaches steadily (level out).
So, fuel can be sprayed during electromotor starts to starting and cylinder is to promote fuel vaporization.This Outward, port throttle can be regulated as shown in the figure to promote that fuel vaporization and control engine air amount make Obtain and can reach desired IMEP.In some instances, fuel injection timing can be regulated with at minimum cylinder The side of pressure or BDC induction stroke provides compared at minimum cylinder pressure or BDC induction stroke opposite side Up to 25% more fuel.
Such as, the total fuel quantity wherein sprayed during the circulation of cylinder to cylinder is 3.3x10-2Gram, 2.48x10 can be sprayed before induction stroke BDC during cylinder cycle-2Gram fuel and in induction stroke BDC Rear injection 0.82x10-2Gram fuel.On the contrary, can spray after induction stroke BDC during cylinder cycle 2.48x10-2Gram fuel and before induction stroke BDC, spraying 0.82x10-2Gram fuel.Such regulation It is contemplated that wherein the highest cylinder vacuum about (about) induction stroke BDC can be according to induction stroke BDC The situation of change.
Fig. 3 also show three combustion incidents risen since engine stop about (about) minimum fuel Inlet pressure or induction stroke BDC spray fuel to each engine cylinder.However, it is possible to since The combustion incident (it changes according to engine operating condition) of the predetermined number that engine stop rises is about minimum cylinder Inlet pressure or BDC spray fuel.Alternately, can be in the scheduled time risen since engine stop Give each induction stroke to No. four cylinders about minimum cylinder air inlet road pressure or BDC injection combustion in amount Material.Be further noted that can as shown by figure 3 with about cylinder air inlet road pressure injection fuel Similar mode is with about minimum cylinder air inlet road pressure injection fuel.
Referring now to Fig. 4, it is shown that the coherent signal during electromotor starting.The class signal of Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3 Signal.Additionally, (it follows the numbering of figure number) is similar in addition to the first numeral of identification marking Signal is numbered in a similar manner.Such as, the 402 of Fig. 4 represent the piston position of a cylinder and it is followed The same trajectories of signal 302 in Fig. 3.Extraly, vertical time labelling T0To T18With the similar timing in Fig. 3 Event is identical.Therefore, for simplicity, eliminate the description of common trait and describe Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 Sequence between difference.
At time T15And T18Place, first and the 3rd port throttle stay open in the position substantially closed of distance The position of the centre put.Regulation port throttle allows port throttle to adjust at cylinder to centre position IO Intake Valve Opens the whole time during enter the air mass flow of each cylinder.Such as, if a cylinder Inlet valve 20 degree of unlatchings after induction stroke BDC of induction stroke TDC of a cylinder a to cylinder, One port throttle adjusts after induction stroke BDC of stroke TDC a to cylinder of a cylinder air inlet 20 Degree flows into the air of the first cylinder.As such, it is possible to adjust cylinder air stream by single port throttle Amount allows to remove air intake door from system.
Referring now to Fig. 5, it is shown that engine fuel delivery and air inlet to cylinder during cylinder cycle The detailed view of the simulation example of road air throttle operating.Fig. 7 is performed by controller 12 in the system of fig. 1 Method the sequence of explanation can be provided.
The first width figure that Fig. 5 rises at top represents relative in a cylinder of the four cylinder four-stroke electromotor of time The track of piston.When track is in sinusoidal top, piston is in top dead centre.Sinusoidal At Di Bu, piston is in lower dead center.Time starts on the left of figure and increases on the right side of figure.
The second width figure that Fig. 5 rises at top represents the fuel injection timing of a cylinder.Show relative time First fuel injection timing the 502, second fuel injection timing 504 and optional 3rd fuel injection 510.Y Axle represents when spray fuel.Fuel injection above X-axis represents at shown time injection fuel.X-axis generation Table time and time are located to start and increase on the right side of figure on the left of figure.
Fig. 5 plays at top the 3rd width figure and represents the air mass flow that can be adjusted into a cylinder of relative time The position of the first port throttle.Y-axis represents port throttle open amount and port throttle is opened Measure and increase along the Y-axis direction of arrow.X-axis represents time and time to be increased towards on the right side of figure on the left of figure.
Fig. 5 plays at top the inlet pressure that the 4th width figure represents a cylinder of relative time.Y-axis represents cylinder Inlet pressure and cylinder air inlet road pressure increase along the Y-axis direction of arrow.X-axis represents time and time from figure Left side increases on the right side of figure.
Pressure in cylinder air inlet road is opened and the piston of cylinder subtracts after induction stroke TDC at inlet valve Few.Cylinder air inlet road pressure minimizes level in substantially induction stroke BDC.Injector pulse 504 is at No. one Started to spray fuel before when cylinder reaches minimum cylinder pressure at induction stroke BDC.In induction stroke During cylinder cycle after BDC, injector pulse 504 terminates after a cylinder minimizes cylinder pressure Injection fuel.Additionally, injector pulse 504 is symmetrical arranged about minimum cylinder pressure and makes during cylinder cycle Whole fuel pulse width minimum cylinder pressure must be experienced during the circulation of cylinder.So, following at cylinder During ring, the fuel of injection as much as possible can be exposed to the max vacuum in cylinder.As such, it is possible to compare In when during the IO Intake Valve Opens time direct fuel injection and improve the fuel vaporization in cylinder.
On the other hand, fuel injection pulses 502 is shown as starting to cylinder than when fuel injection pulse width 504 Injection fuel starts to spray fuel earlier and enters cylinder.In some instances, fuel injection pulses 502 is just Time can relative to the timing of fuel injection pulses 504 shift to an earlier date with the air inlet solving cylinder cycle as shown in Figure 2 The shallower slope of curve 200 during stroke.Additionally, along with engine warms and along with the combustion via vacuum Material evaporation may become more to need not can be with advanced fuel injection timing.Relative to pulse 504 advanced fuel The beginning of injection timing can improve cylinder air-fuel mixing.Therefore, in some instances, to cylinder Fuel injection can start at the timing of 504 and be advanced to 502 timing.
Fig. 5 also show the first port throttle can be stopped not long ago spraying the fuel of a cylinder (shortly) start to open at.Between the closedown of the end sprayed at fuel and the inlet valve of a cylinder Port throttle can provide when can not open q.s to provide desired cylinder air amount to cylinder The operation of such first port throttle.Along with in the unlatching cylinder air inlet road of the first port throttle Pressure increase.Opening the first port throttle allows the pressure in cylinder air inlet road close to inlet manifold pressure Power.So, enter a cylinder air be mostly at the first port throttle opening time and Occur between the shut-in time of the inlet valve of a number cylinder.Therefore, the first port throttle and cylinder enter Valve controls to flow into the air of a cylinder.
Second fuel impulse 510 can spray in order to when being used in compressed action the compression stroke of cylinder late period Cylinder heating.When spraying fuel late period in compression stroke, (the 45 of such as compression stroke TDC axle of writing music turns In angle), the heat of compression can auxiliary fuel evaporation and mixing further.Therefore, the first injection is available Vacuum in cylinder and the second injection utilizes the heat in cylinder.Thus, can twice during cylinder cycle Independent jet mode (evaporation that the evaporation of such as vacuum reinforcement and heat are strengthened) strengthens fuel vaporization.
With reference now to Fig. 6, except fuel impulse 602 signal of Fig. 6 in addition to 604 is identical with the cylinder of Fig. 5. Therefore, the difference between Fig. 5 and 6 is only described in the description omitting repeat element.
In this example, injection to total fuel quantity of a cylinder by two fuel pulse width 602 and 604 Composition.In addition, it is possible to provide optional 3rd fuel impulse 610 is to utilize the heat of compression.In some instances, Starting after starting along with electromotor to warm can fuel impulse 604 can with advanced fuel pulse width 602 Still remain in close to minimum cylinder pressure or close to induction stroke BDC.Therefore, twice fuel when is sprayed The timing of pulse width can be initially about (such as maximum about minimum cylinder pressure during cylinder cycle Cylinder vacuum) or induction stroke BDC of cylinder and symmetrical, and along with engine warms, twice fuel arteries and veins The timing of punching can become asymmetric.3rd fuel impulse 610 may utilize the heat of compression and carrys out evaporation injection entrance cylinder Extra fuel.
With reference to Fig. 7, it is shown that start the flow chart of the exemplary method of electromotor.The method of Fig. 7 can be included in In the instruction of the controller 12 shown in the system of Fig. 1.
At 702, method 700 determines engine operating condition.Engine operating condition may include but be not limited to electromotor and turns Speed, engine temperature, atmospheric pressure, engine location, since the time that engine stop rises and from send out The combustion incident that motivation has stopped.After determining engine operating condition, method 700 advances at 704.
At 704, method 700 determines the fuel type being injected into electromotor.In one example, permissible Fuel type is determined via fuel type sensor.In other example, fuel can be inferred from oxygen sensor Type also stores in memory.Such as United States Patent (USP) 6,644,097 describe a kind of method, and it exists in full This is incorporated as with reference to and can be the basis determining fuel type.Once it is determined that fuel type, it can be deposited Storage is in controller storage and stores for follow-up retrieval.
At 706, method 700 determines the fuel quantity being injected into electromotor and the sky sucking engine cylinder Tolerance.In one example, the fuel quantity and the cylinder air amount that are injected into electromotor can be based on sending out Engine torque request during engine start and fuel type.Such as, desired when electromotor starts Motivation moment of torsion or cylinder pressure (such as IMEP) can be determined and stored in memorizer by rule of thumb.Once Receive engine start request, amount of engine torque or cylinder pressure can be retrieved from memorizer.According to U.S. State's patent 7,321,821(is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all of intention and purpose) describe Method engine torque or cylinder pressure can be converted to cylinder air amount and fuel quantity.Wherein can lead to Cross engine combustion different fuel, it is possible to use multiplication factor regulates the fuel quantity of injection and allows to pass through Different fuel type provides desired engine torque.Method after determining fuel quantity and cylinder air amount 700 advance at 708.
At 708, method 700 determines the lead that the fuel injection of regulation injection timing starts.In other words, Method 700 determines sprayed from the fuel of equivalent fuel injection timing regulation injection in time how early or crank position Emitter starts.In one example, fuel injector be in advance determine by rule of thumb and be stored in can be through The form indexed by the quantity of engine temperature and the combustion incident since engine stop time or function In.Therefore, along with electromotor heating, can be with advanced fuel injection timing.
In some instances, can be based on fuel-based relative to the time quantum of the fuel injection advance of crank position Type.Such as, if injected petrol enters cylinder, the further advanced fuel of the fuel comprising alcohols can be compared Injection starts injecting time.Along with the increase of alcohol content in fuel, the injection time started is towards near equivalent fuel Injection timing moves.In one example, benchmark injection starts timing alcohol fuel based on 100%.Really Method 700 after fuel injector timing shifts to an earlier date of determining advances at 710.
At 710, method 700 closes cylinder air inlet road air throttle.Can independently control cylinder air inlet road solar term Door makes that some cylinder air inlet road air throttles can partly be opened and other port throttle can be generally Close.Compared to the vacuum in cylinder air inlet manifold, close cylinder air inlet road air throttle and allow at electromotor Cylinder produces extra vacuum.After closing engine inlets air throttle, method 700 advances to 712 Place.
At 712, method 700 judges whether via starter or revolution starting or rotary engine.? In one example, when engine speed is higher than threshold rotation rate, method 700 judges that electromotor is rotating starting. If it is determined that electromotor advances at 714 in rotation starting method 700.Otherwise, method 700 returns at 712.
At 714, determine fuel injection timing.In one example, via the transfer letter of fuel injector Number (transfer function) determines the time quantum that injection desired fuel quantity to cylinder is spent.Such as, Desired fuel quantity index is used to describe form or the function of ejector operation.Form or function output are for beating Open ejector and carry the time (such as 40ms) of desired fuel quantity with Current fuel pressure.Injection fuel Time divided by two, the fuel of cylinder is sprayed start cylinder during the circulation of cylinder minimize pressure or Before when piston is generally in BDC, 20ms makes the whole fuel pulse width of 40ms in time and relatively Symmetrical in the minimum cylinder pressure of cylinder or induction stroke about BDC crank position receiving fuel.Spray Penetrate and start timing and can be converted to relative to the minimum cylinder pressure of cylinder or the BDC induction stroke receiving fuel Crankshaft angles because injection the time started can the (air inlet of such as cylinder interrelated with engine location Stroke BDC).Such as, start the electromotor of rotational speed for having 250RPM, when total fuel spray When the time of penetrating is 40ms fuel injection start can begin at receive fuel cylinder induction stroke BDC before 30 Crankshaft angles.Owing to needs spend electromotor 20ms to rotate 30 crankshaft angles (such as 30deg=20ms 250RPM 360deg/rev 1s/1000ms 1min/60sec), relate generally to entering of cylinder Gas stroke BDC sprays fuel.If will determine at 708 from benchmark timing advanced fuel injecting time Lead is added to fuel injection and starts timing with further advanced fuel injection timing.As such, it is possible to determine Fuel injector timing.After determining fuel injection timing, method 700 advances at 716.
At 716, method 700 is started via opening fuel injector injection fuel entrance in the timing of regulation Machine.The crankshaft angles that can determine at 714 opens fuel injector persistently such as 706 time quantums determined.Can Selection of land, can start extra fuel late period in compression stroke during cylinder cycle and spray to utilize compression to add Heat.Therefore, a part for the fuel of injection can be evaporated through vacuum and the remainder of fuel that sprays can To utilize the heat of compression to evaporate.After output fuel injection timing, method 700 advances at 718.
At 718, method 700 opens cylinder air inlet road air throttle to provide desired as described at 706 Air capacity is to cylinder.In one example, can by by the pressure drop at air throttle two ends, cylinder air inlet road and Port throttle position is associated with the function of the air flowing through port throttle or form describes and flows through vapour The flow air of cylinder port throttle.Furthermore, it is possible to determine by rule of thumb and fully open cylinder air inlet road joint The time quantum of valve storage are in memory.Based on maximum in-cylinder air throttle unlatching rate and cylinder air inlet road Air throttle flow describe, integral fluid flow through air throttle flow so that it is determined that desired air capacity flow through air intake duct joint Valve institute amounts of time.Before closing the inlet valve of cylinder, cylinder air inlet road air throttle opens what this determined Time quantum.In some instances, valve stroke and the biasing of engine speed impact will can be solved (offset) time quantum flowing through cylinder air inlet road air throttle for desired air capacity determined is added to.Right In the cylinder of reception fuel, cylinder air inlet door was opened cost before IC Intake Valve Closes and is used for making desired cylinder Air capacity flows through the time quantum of port throttle.Such as, if it is determined that desired air capacity flows through cylinder and enters Air flue air throttle needs to spend 25ms, and cylinder air inlet road air throttle is at the front opening 25ms of IC Intake Valve Closes.? After plan cylinder air inlet road air throttle and output, method 700 advances at 720.
At 720, method 700 judges whether that electromotor has logged out rotation and starts and accelerate (run-up). In one example, may determine that electromotor has logged out when engine speed is beyond threshold engine rotating speed Rotate and start and accelerate.Starting if electromotor has logged out rotation and accelerate, method 700 advances to exit. If electromotor includes air intake door, once exit method 700 cylinder air inlet road air throttle convertible To fully open position.If electromotor does not include that air intake door, cylinder air inlet road air throttle can be cut Shifting to partial open position makes electromotor with desired engine idling operation.
Alternately, if after the combustion incident having occurred and that predetermined quantity or reach some other When the most desired engine temperature of motivation situation or desired engine speed, method 700 can exit.So, Engine controller can be symmetrical about maximum in-cylinder vacuum (minimum cylinder pressure) or cylinder air inlet stroke BDC Ground injection fuel to cylinder and is then switched to different fuel injection mode.
At 722, pass through cylinder air inlet road air throttle in desired air capacity and enter rear in cylinder Method 700 substantially closes cylinder air inlet road air throttle.Additionally, as described by 706, can be based on currently Engine operating condition (such as since the quantity of combustion incident of engine stop, engine temperature, since starting The time that machine has stopped) revising the cylinder air amount and cylinder fuel amount determined at 706.Closing cylinder After port throttle, method 700 returns at 714.
So, method 700 can operate fuel injector and cylinder air inlet road air throttle as seen in figures 3-6.Can pin Allow to control all cylinder air inlet road air throttles and fuel to each cylinder execution method 700 of electromotor Ejector is to provide desired cylinder fuel and air capacity.
Referring now to Fig. 8, it is shown that the coherent signal during electromotor starting.The signal of Fig. 8 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 Similar.Additionally, (it follows the numbering of figure number) is similar in addition to the first numeral of identification marking Signal is numbered in a similar manner.Such as, the 802 of Fig. 8 represent the piston position of a cylinder and it is followed The track of signal 302 in Fig. 3.Additionally, vertical time labelling T0To T18Timing event phase similar with Fig. 3 With.Therefore, for simplicity, eliminate common trait description and describe Fig. 3 and Fig. 8 sequence it Between difference.
In the exemplary sequence of Fig. 8, cylinder air inlet road air throttle is mechanically coupled together so that when a vapour When cylinder port throttle moves, the port throttle of No. three cylinders also moves.Port throttle is same It is in similar position.Such as, when the port throttle of No. three cylinders is closed, the air inlet of a cylinder Road closed throttle.
The cylinder air inlet road air throttle of a number cylinder and No. three cylinders is generally at time T0Place close and time Between T18Open afterwards.After the inspiratory event playing predetermined quantity since engine stop or combustion incident or After engine speed reaches predetermined threshold rotating speed, based on when air-distributor pressure minimizing can to predetermined pressure To open cylinder air inlet road air throttle together.
Fuel injection to each cylinder make fuel impulse generally with minimum cylinder air inlet road pressure (such as Maximum in-cylinder air intake duct vacuum) or induction stroke BDC of cylinder centered by.Alternately, fuel injection Interval can be totally centered by maximum in-cylinder vacuum or slightly in advance or in the cylinder air inlet stroke phase Between cylinder volume be in maximum in-cylinder volume 20% within time within.
So, can operate there is the port throttle being mechanically coupled together during electromotor starts Electromotor.System cost can be reduced via single executor multiple port throttle that operates together.
Due to port throttle only induction stroke and until IVC compression stroke during control injection time Air pressure and inflation, the port throttle of multiple cylinders can share axle (and thus sharing position) and not Sacrifice original feature described by the independent port throttle between cylinder.This is because for almost All engine locations of 3/4, port throttle is " need not pay close attention to ", it is meant that single air intake duct saves The position of valve will not control air and fuel charge during that angle position.
Referring now to Fig. 9, it is shown that for starting the flow chart of the method for electromotor.The method of Fig. 9 can be applied In including the engine system that is mechanically interconnected port throttle together.The operation of Fig. 9 is similar to In Fig. 7's.Additionally, similar operation is numbered in an identical manner and identifies, except the first numeral of mark Different (it follows accompanying drawing number).Such as, Fig. 9 determines engine operating condition at 902, and the 702 of Fig. 7 Place determines engine operating condition.Therefore, for simplicity, eliminate the description of same operation and only describe Difference between the operation of Fig. 7 and Fig. 9.
At 910, method 900 regulates the position of the cylinder air inlet road air throttle of cylinder group to for rotating starting Position.Rotating the port throttle position during starting can be by empirically determining and can be for greatly Atmospheric pressure and regulate.Such as, the function describing port throttle position based on atmospheric pressure can be via Atmospheric pressure indexes to determine desired cylinder air inlet road throttle position.Beginning is started in engine rotation Before can instruct desired engine inlets air throttle.Once it is provided with the position of cylinder air inlet road air throttle Putting, method 900 advances at 912.
At 918, the position of cylinder air inlet road air throttle can be regulated.In one example, at electromotor Can quantity based on the cylinder air inspiratory event risen since engine stop or burning thing during rotation The quantity of part and regulate the position of port throttle.Such as, after the first inspiratory event, because along with sky Gas is transferred to engine cylinder from inlet manifold can reduce the pressure inlet manifold, cylinder air inlet road solar term Door can be opened further.So, if it is desired, consistent cylinder air amount can be provided for multiple vapour Cylinder air suction event.In other example, air throttle position, cylinder air inlet road during engine rotation starts Put and may remain in steady state.
At 920, method 900 judges whether that exiting rotation starts and accelerate (run-up).An example In, when engine speed is beyond threshold engine rotating speed, method 900 can exit rotation starting and add fast mode. In another example, when air-distributor pressure is reduced below the level of threshold pressure, method 900 can be moved back Go out to rotate and start and add fast mode.In another example, method 900 can be in the combusted cylinder thing of predetermined quantity The backed off after random of part rotates and starts and add fast mode.Start if method 900 exits rotation and accelerate, method 900 Advance at 922.Otherwise, method 900 returns at 914.
At 922, method 900 opens cylinder air inlet road air throttle to fully open position.By opening cylinder Port throttle is to fully open position, and method 900 allows by air intake door and cylinder air inlet Door adjusts the air flowing into engine cylinder.After opening cylinder air inlet road air throttle, method 900 advances to Exit.
Therefore, the method for Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 provides the method starting electromotor, comprises: generally close cylinder Port throttle；And during cylinder cycle, injection is certain when port throttle is generally closed Amount fuel at least some of to cylinder, this fuel quantity of injection be include substantially with the induction stroke of cylinder The interim injection in the centre position of lower dead center alignment.By making the induction stroke of fuel impulse and cylinder BDC aligns, and can increase the probability of fuel vaporization.
Method includes that wherein this fuel quantity is injected directly into cylinder.Method also includes that wherein this interval is Time interval or be wherein spaced apart crankshaft interval.In some instances, method includes that wherein electromotor has Air intake door and the fuel wherein comprising alcohols in the injection of this interim enter cylinder.Method is also wrapped Include and wherein with two or more fuel impulses, this fuel quantity is injected into cylinder.Method is further contained in combustion Material injection starts least partially open port throttle after timing.
The method of Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 additionally provides the method for starting electromotor, comprises: during cylinder cycle Substantially close the port throttle of cylinder；After substantially closing port throttle and at cylinder cycle Between start to spray fuel and enter after cylinder least partially open port throttle during the circulation of cylinder； And after the IC Intake Valve Closes of cylinder, substantially close port throttle.Method also includes wherein spraying combustion Material has along with the injection of the alcohol changes of contents in fuel starts timing.In some instances, method includes it In by intake port injection fuel.
Method can also include wherein opening port throttle in the time based on desired cylinder air amount. Method further contained in during cylinder cycle at interim injection fuel to cylinder, wherein interval is overall big Body is centered by the lower dead center of the induction stroke of cylinder.Method also includes wherein with two or more fuel impulses Injection fuel.Method comprises further in response to the injection being injected into the fuel type of cylinder and be spaced in advance Start timing, and when wherein not having when injected petrol alcohols to enter cylinder, this interval is not substantially with cylinder Induction stroke lower dead center centered by.Method also includes that at least a part of which partly opens port throttle bag Include along with desired cylinder air amount increases least partially open port throttle.
Such as those skilled in that art it will be appreciated that, Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 describe method can represent one or more The process strategy of meaning number, such as event-driven, interruption driving, multitask, multithreading etc..So, may be used Multiple steps illustrated by performing in the order illustrated or side by side or function, or the most Omit.Similarly, the order of process is not to reach necessary to purpose described here, feature and advantage, And be merely provided for explanation and describe simple.Although not clearly stating, those skilled in the art Will appreciate that the specific policy depending on using can be repeatedly carried out step or the function of explanation.
Sum up the present invention herein.Those skilled in that art will appreciate that multiple alternative and change by reading Shape is without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Such as with natural gas, gasoline, diesel oil or alternative fuel The single cylinder of configuration operating, I2, I3, I4, I5, V6, V8, V10, V12 and V16 electromotor can use The present invention obtains advantage.

Claims (10)

1. the method starting electromotor, comprises:
It is kept fully closed the port throttle of cylinder；
During cylinder cycle, a certain amount of fuel is sprayed at least when being kept fully closed described port throttle Be partly into cylinder, the fuel quantity of described injection be include substantially with the predetermined vacuum level of described cylinder The interim injection in the centre position of alignment；And
During described cylinder cycle before IC Intake Valve Closes i.e. IVC least partially open described air intake duct Air throttle.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said fuel quantity is injected directly into described cylinder, And the minimum vacuum level that wherein said predetermined vacuum level is described cylinder.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said electromotor includes air intake door and wherein In described interim, the fuel comprising alcohol is injected into described cylinder, and via the position of described electromotor Estimate described predetermined vacuum level.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein said be spaced apart time interval or wherein said be spaced apart Crankshaft interval, and wherein said predetermined vacuum level is corresponding generally to the induction stroke lower dead center of described cylinder Position.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein sprays described fuel quantity with two or more fuel impulses Inject described cylinder.
6. the method for claim 1, starts after timing at least portion further contained in fuel injection Open described port throttle with dividing, and wherein spray described fuel quantity entrance cylinder via cylinder air inlet road.
7. the method starting electromotor, comprises:
The port throttle of cylinder it is kept fully closed during cylinder cycle；
During described cylinder cycle after being kept fully closed described port throttle and starting injection combustion Material entered after described cylinder during described cylinder cycle before IC Intake Valve Closes i.e. IVC at least in part Open described port throttle；And
Described port throttle it is kept fully closed after the IC Intake Valve Closes of described cylinder.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said injection fuel has along with the alcohol of described fuel contains The injection of amount change starts timing.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein through fuel described in intake port injection.
Described method the most as claimed in claim 7, wherein opens institute in the time based on desired cylinder air amount State port throttle, and wherein after described port throttle is opened and in described port throttle Limit the air mass flow entering described cylinder via the IC Intake Valve Closes of described cylinder before closedown.
CN201210544690.8A 2011-12-14 2012-12-14 For improving the method and system that electromotor starts Expired - Fee Related CN103161586B (en)

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US20130152903A1 (en) 2013-06-20
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US9512797B2 (en) 2016-12-06
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