CN103161510A

CN103161510A - Turbine device with gas process work dw > Pdv

Info

Publication number: CN103161510A
Application number: CN2013100602251A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵兴龙
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-02-06
Filing date: 2013-02-06
Publication date: 2013-06-19

Abstract

Gas work and process work W are mechanical energy in a first law of thermodynamics. Work (the process work) of 'a piston cylinder' is discussed. Under a reversible process and an irreversible process, the work of gas flow is discussed, after flow velocity reaches sound velocity, an impeller is used for promoting accelerating flow of gas, the gas work (the process work) so that turbomachinery is designed, and a new heat energy device is produced. Seemingly, the impeller works on the gas to promote the flow velocity to be increased. Actually, kinetic energy of the gas is improved because a gas ratio increases externally work rather than that the impeller works on the gas. According to an abstract and an attached map, a sprayer nozzle is gradually shrunk, the gas enters the uniform section sprayer nozzle through a throat part to reach the sound velocity, the impeller accelerates, the gas in the front of the impeller reaches the sound velocity, the gas is expanded and works to improve the flow velocity, and the gas expansion work is played. Therefore, a supersonic speed occurs.

Description

Allow the turbine installation of gas process work dw＞Pdv

The invention relates to heat energy power mechanism.Current heat energy power mechanism, its basic theory is from thermomechanics.The present age, thermomechanics, be the knowledge of a backwardness, a lot of mistakes even arranged (take the logical section's teaching material " calorifics " of Beijing College Physics department dean Zhao Kaihua professor's university as representative, the wrong one-tenth of the equal sign of the fundamental formular sign of inequality.Until in March, 2012, the whole of China physics professor just knows, this mistake).The books that the innovation and creation of China Patent Publication No. 201210030960.3 titles " power plant of gas swirl ", " the thermodynamic (al) Fundamentals of Mathematics of axiomatization " (publishing house of Harbin Institute of Technology) publish." axiomatization thermomechanics study course essence is wanted " (central College Library exhibition book), " the principal Zhou Qifeng of Peking University leaflet 300 words are academic " documents such as (Peking University's School Office are provided leaflet) has proposed new thermodynamic theories.So, the invention has been arranged.

The invention is to allow the thermal efficiency of heat engine significantly improve, and this positive beneficial effect that brings is obvious.

Due to the particularity of the invention, the specification literary style focuses on principle and discusses.

Accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6, accompanying drawing 7, accompanying drawing 8, accompanying drawing 9, accompanying drawing 10 are schematic diagrams.During explanation, use schematic diagram.

What " the principal Zhou Qifeng of Peking University leaflet 300 words are academic " said is that gas is toward promotion, enthalpy is limited, and the rising elevation is limited, so, vertical pipe is constantly from beneath air inlet, flow out at limit elevation H rice, be the stream body that holds one's breath in fact, and limited height H vertical tube can only hold the gas of limited quality, so what if? have only, this gas rising enthalpy exhausts, and becomes cryogenic liquide and falling as raining, and this just forms a heat engine that does not need low-temperature receiver.She has broken through people's scientific common sense.People's this thing that ruminates over can propose problem: a H height, and the height of 2 times, 3 times H also can eluting gas, as, enter a kg gas, flow out the gas of 0.5 kilogram (or 0.1 kilogram) at the height H place, also conform to law of conservation of energy.(as: enthalpy of a kg gas has been given the energy of 0.1 kg gas, and the gas of 0.1 kilogram is raised to the elevation that oversteps the extreme limit, and does not become cryogenic liquide).Address this problem, use Efficiency Calculation.The concrete water vapor data of using.

1, steam temperature 800K is from the air inlet of pipeline lower curtate.The water of one kilogram of low temperature becomes this water vapor, all will absorb heat, and the heat of this absorption is not that the increase along with pressure becomes infinitesimal.

2, the height H that oversteps the extreme limit has water vapor to flow out, and low-temperature receiver 273K is set.So water vapor is cooled to water and falls.Allow is highly 2 times, 3 times ... n H height doubly, the n amount that large water vapor flows out that becomes is infinitely small, and the thermal discharge that it is cooled to water is also infinitely small.So the thermal efficiency is:

This thermal efficiency is tending towards 100%

And thermal source is 800K, and low-temperature receiver is 273K.Carnot efficiency is only

In the flourishing current era of science, " the principal Zhou Qifeng of Beijing University leaflet 300 words are academic " broken through people's scientific common sense, must again and again attend class to people.For this reason, I recently and higher education publishing house contact, wish to publish books, increase again a little contents when publishing books, " gas flow thermomechanics " substance.

" the gas work done during gas flow is discussed " is also take piston-cylinder as model, as Fig. 1.

One, cylinder is static, and a kg gas is arranged, and piston is turned right, and be not " quasi-static process " slowly, but the application of force is pulled open rapidly piston by gas expansion, as, velocity of piston is 500 meter per seconds (speed of shell in gun tube can surpass 800 meter per seconds).

At this moment the expansion work of gas comprises: 1, pdv, and this is the work done of gas expansion pushing piston, p is the pressure that acts on piston, the pressure under non-quasistatic.2, the kinetic energy of gas is 1/2 to take advantage of that mass times the speed square.Quality is 1 kilogram, and 1 needn't be multiplied by and dimension will be entered.The speed cylinder turns to the speed of gas barycenter, illustrates, and Fig. 2, A, before expansion, gas is equilibrium state, barycenter is at 0.05 meter.Fig. 2, B, the barycenter of inflation process gas follows piston to move to right, just think at 1 meter (although, rapid expanding, gas can not be caught up with the activity of piston fully and be allowed gas uniform be distributed in cylinder, and barycenter does not also move on to 1 meter from 0.05 meter.To simplify to process).Like this, piston moves and has moved 2 meters, and the gas barycenter has moved 1.05 meters.Velocity of piston 500 meter per seconds, the speed of gas is 250 meter per seconds.So, this kg gas work done, work done is

() expression integration.(pressure during with respect to quasistatic represents with capitalization P)

Be the process work W of gas, whether W is greater than the process work (Pdv) of the reversible process of traditional quasi-static process, now unknown.

Two, theoretical with gas molecule motion, W＞(Pdv) might appear.Fig. 1 in gas, with the molecule that piston approaches, catches up with piston direction, and speed also reaches 500 meter per seconds.This has changed molecular motion " disorderly and unsystematic ", the statistical law of " speed normal distribution ".Be molecular assembly motion to a certain degree, at this moment produced macroscopical kinetic energy.

A story: our room, the molecule of gas are in motion, and more than mean velocity 300 meter per seconds, because molecular motion is disorderly and unsystematic, we are imperceptible in motion, there is no the wind of one.And if there is a probability, this gas molecule is all toward this direction motion of window, and this produces huge wind-force ...By " statistical law ", this probability is zero.And shown in Figure 1, pull piston, velocity of piston 500 meter per seconds, very " molecule is toward a direction motion " appearred in some molecule.So molecular motion has produced macroscopical kinetic energy, this story comes true.

Three, shown in Figure 3, W＞pdv appears

Fig. 3 explanation: gas reaches velocity of sound in the convergent jet pipe, enter the uniform section jet pipe.In the uniform section jet pipe, a, b two pistons appear.All move with the velocity of sound.Now, pull piston b, piston b turns right (moving direction) with the velocity of sound of twice, so piston a, the gas flow rate in piston b this interval has improved, and has reached the velocity of sound (only large little by little than the velocity of sound, following discussion is also effective) of 1.5 times.Learn from traditional engineering thermodynamics, expansion work w=(Pdw) velocity of sound occurs in the uniform section pipe.And surpass the velocity of sound, must be W＞(Pdw).

Four, engineering application

" the principal Zhou Qifeng of Beijing University leaflet 300 words are academic ", engineering application is " device of gas vortex power "." vortex " ery easyly realizes that zero-emission generates electricity on a large scale.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 ... discussion, also ery easy, change the design theory of turbine, the same zero-emission very strong driving force engineering that realizes ery easy.

Fig. 4, turbine engine promotes gas flow, allows the exit velocity of convergent jet pipe surpass the velocity of sound.At this moment, the process work W that makes of gas＞(Pdw).So the design of Fig. 5 is arranged.

1-2, first group of turbine engine promotes gas flow, generation W＞(Pdw).It is the heat-insulation entropy-reducing process.2 flow velocitys are very high.

2-3, second group of turbine, the utilization of gas kinetic energy becomes shaft work to gas kinetic energy, to put the very low 2-3 of 3 flow velocitys process be isobaric, isothermal, constant entropy.

3-4, the 3rd group of turbine, isentropic Compression allows gas get back to 1 pressure, absorbs heat to the temperature of 1 to the external world.Tephigram, as Fig. 6, pressure-volume diagram, Fig. 7.Point 2, point 3 overlaps.4-0 is isobaric heat absorption.

The invention basic is to be provided with the turbine that promotes gas flow, allows process work that gas the makes integration greater than pdv.

Impeller is to the gas work done seemingly, promotes flow velocity to increase, real be gas than the external work done of body increase, improved gas kinetic energy, but not only impeller to the gas work done.This Fig. 8 sees clearly: convergent jet pipe, gas enter the uniform section jet pipe by throat and reach velocity of sound, then by the impeller speedup, the gas before impeller surpasses velocity of sound, is still the gas expansion work done, is the gas expansion merit.So,

Supersonic speed just appears.

See Fig. 9, Figure 10 rotating disk, gas is under centrifugal action again, and expansion working produces the effect of W＞Pdv.

Understand again design according to claim:

1, the thermoelectric machine of a kind of refrigeration or power is characterized in that: artificial design allows gas make process work W＞pdv.

2, device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is a kind of turbine installation.Improve gas flow rate and produce the effect of W＞pdv with turbine.

3, device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is to produce W＞pdv effect with centrifugal force.

Claims

1. a refrigeration or the thermoelectric machine of power, it is characterized in that: artificial design allows gas make process work W＞pdv.

2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is a kind of turbine installation.Improve gas flow rate and produce the effect of W＞pdv with turbine.

3. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is to produce w＞pdv effect with centrifugal force.