CN103151765A - Self-adaptive zero-time difference over-current protection method - Google Patents
Self-adaptive zero-time difference over-current protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103151765A CN103151765A CN2013100582370A CN201310058237A CN103151765A CN 103151765 A CN103151765 A CN 103151765A CN 2013100582370 A CN2013100582370 A CN 2013100582370A CN 201310058237 A CN201310058237 A CN 201310058237A CN 103151765 A CN103151765 A CN 103151765A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive zero-time difference over-current protection method which is characterized in that the same inherent time limit (ti) is set for all protection devices in a power grid, and the protection devices can communicate via the Ethernet; when a protection device detects short-circuit current, the protection device immediately notifies an adjacent protection device at a higher level and meanwhile defects whether a notice from the adjacent protection device at a lower level comes or not; if the notice is received, an action time limit is set to be ti plus preset time (Dt), so as to play a backup protection role; and if the notice is not received, the action time limit is set to be ti so as to cut off a fault. The protection devices have a self-adaptive logic positioning function; when the topology of the power grid is changed, all the protection devices automatically communicate with the potential adjacent protection devices at the higher levels which are recorded in the devices, the currently actual adjacent protection device at the higher level is determined according to the state of the adjacent protection device at the higher level which is fed back, so as to establish the logic relationship between higher and lower levels among all the protection devices, and actively adapt to the changes of the topology of the power grid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of overcurrent protection method of electrical network, particularly a kind of adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method.
Background technology
Power grid security is subjected to many factors, breaks down unavoidably.When fault occurs, generally be accompanied by the abnormal increase of electric current, so overcurrent protection is that a kind of directly effective electric network fault detects and cutting method.Overcurrent protective device is a kind of starting current according to the protective device of avoiding the peak load operating current and adjusting, and it is inoperative when electrical network normally moves, and when breaking down, can react on abnormal current and move.Generally, it not only can protect the total length of this circuit, can also protect the total length of adjacent lines, plays the backup protection effect.
Traditional overcurrent protection method is the specified time overcurrent protection, and at first the below is introduced it.
The operation time limit of specified time overcurrent protection is adjusted according to optionally requiring.Optionally implication is: the fault in each section line range should first be moved to excise by the protective device of being responsible for this part of path.Take single-side power radiation electric network shown in Figure 1 as example, work as d
1During the point short circuit, protective device 1～5 all may start under the effect of short circuit current, but according to the selectivity requirement, should only have protective device 1 action, the excision fault, and protective device 2～5 should return after failure removal immediately.Selectivity requires and can realize by setting different operation time limits for each protective device.
Protective device 1 is positioned at the least significant end of electrical network, as long as power consumption equipment breaks down, it just can instantaneous operation be excised, the t in Fig. 1
1Be the intrinsic operate time of protective device itself.For higher level's protective device 2 of protective device 1, for guaranteeing d
1The selectivity of moving during the point short circuit, its operation time limit t should adjust
2T
1Introduce time delay Δ t, the operation time limit of protective device 2 is
t
2=t
1+Δt
Work as d
2During the point short circuit, protective device 2 will be with t
2Time limit excision fault, for guaranteeing the selectivity of its higher level's protective device 3 actions, t must adjust again simultaneously
3T
2, can establish
t
3=t
2+Δt
The rest may be inferred, protective device 4,5 ..., n operation time limit be respectively
t
4=t
3+Δt
t
5=t
4+Δt
.
.
.
t
n=t
n-1+Δt
The operation time limit of this protection and the size of short circuit current are irrelevant, after calculating through adjusting, are guaranteed by the special time relay, therefore are called the specified time overcurrent protection.Its shortcoming is when fault during the closer to power end, and short circuit current is larger, and the time limit of protective device action excision fault is longer on the contrary.The intrinsic operation time limit that is used as the circuit breaker of protective device is generally 0.2～0.3s, adds the operate time of other control apparatus, is the selectivity that guarantees protective device, sets Δ t=0.5s.For electric network shown in Figure 1, as the operation time limit t of protective device 1
1When being taken as 0.5s, the operation time limit t of protective device 2
2Be 1s.The rest may be inferred, if during n=20, and operation time limit t
20Be 10s, the 10s that namely need lag behind could excise fault.So long short circuit current very easily damages protected power equipment, makes protective device lose protective effect.
For addressing the above problem; conventional way is to adopt the syllogic protective device in electrical network; namely adopt current quick-breaking and the main protection of current quick-breaking as this circuit of prescribing a time limit, with quick excision fault, and utilize overcurrent protection to be used as the backup protection of this circuit and neighbouring device.Although this protected mode has solved the problem that the specified time overcurrent protective device exists, complex structure is subjected to the impact of power network wiring and power system operation mode serious.For example, its setting value must be set by system's maximum operational mode, sensitivity must employing system's minimum operational mode verification, this just makes it can not satisfy the requirement of sensitivity coefficient or protective device scope.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method; the method can make the protective device of electrical network least significant end identical with the operation time limit of the protective device of close power end; and after power network topology changes; can be in the situation that the prosthetic intervention; reconfigure voluntarily, set up the superior and the subordinate's logical relation between protective device.Both can avoid definiting time-lag the shortcoming of overcurrent protective device, reach again the effect of syllogic protective device, also weaken simultaneously the dependency degree to power network wiring and power system operation mode.
Adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method of the present invention comprises following steps:
(1) in electrical network, the operation time limit of each protective device is set to identical intrinsic time limit (t
i), there is communication connection between two adjacent protective devices;
(2) when protective device detects short circuit current; this protective device begins timing; and notify the adjacent protective device of higher level to have fault to occur; detect simultaneously the corresponding notice that whether has from the adjacent protective device of subordinate; wherein; if this protective device is received the notice of the adjacent protective device of subordinate, operation time limit is set as intrinsic time limit (t
i) add the scheduled time (Δ t); If do not have notice, operation time limit is set as intrinsic time limit (t
i), and again notify the higher level adjacent protective device, fault occurs in the zone of this protective device administration;
(3) higher level's protective device of receiving again notice will as this regional backup protection equipment, not received the protective device of again notifying and recover normal;
Wherein, protective device has the adaptive logic positioning function, and when power network topology changed, each protective device was set up mutual the superior and the subordinate's logical relation voluntarily.
Wherein, the coded message of the possible adjacent protective device of higher level has separately all been recorded under various power network topologies in each protective device inside; after power network topology changes; each protective device communicates with the adjacent protective device of possible higher level of its internal record voluntarily; the state of the adjacent protective device of higher level that obtains according to feedback; determine the adjacent protective device of higher level of current reality, set up thus the superior and the subordinate's logical relation between each protective device.
Adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method of the present invention overcome that the specified time overcurrent protection method exists the closer to the longer defective of power end operation time limit; make when the whole network any position is short-circuited; only use overcurrent protection just can excise fault in the short time at the utmost point; and automatically satisfy the cooperation of main protection and backup protection, reach the selectivity of defencive function and the best combination of quick-action.On the other hand, the method has configuration feature voluntarily, can initiatively adapt to the variation of power network topology, and flexibility is strong, has reduced the labor management cost.In addition, the system configuration that the method is made is simple, and reliability is high, can be used in high voltage environment, realizes complicated defencive function.For example in the certain applications occasion, the complicated protection such as alternative differential protection and distance protection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that in single-side power radiation network, the overcurrent protective device operation time limit is set schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 sets schematic diagram in the adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection device action time limit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is certain variable electric substation's electric power networks schematic diagram of power network topology;
Fig. 4 is the monitoring circuit breaker cellular construction block diagram of realizing that the inventive method adopts.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and operation principle.
Embodiment
According to technique scheme, adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method all is equipped with monitoring unit for each protective device, can carry out real time communication by Ethernet between the protective device that all physics directly are connected, as shown in phantom in Figure 2.Its course of work is as follows:
Electric current in power circuit, voltage are input in microprocessor by collection of simulant signal and conditioning module.When being short-circuited fault on circuit, microprocessor begins timing, and notifies the adjacent circuit breaker of higher level of this circuit breaker to have fault to occur by Ethernet, detects simultaneously the notice whether adjacent circuit breaker of subordinate is arranged.If receive the notice of the adjacent circuit breaker of subordinate, microprocessor is set as t with operation time limit
i+ Δ t.If do not have notice, operation time limit is set as t
i, and again notify its higher level adjacent circuit breaker, fault is in the zone of this circuit breaker administration.Notified higher level's circuit breaker will be as this regional backup protection equipment, and the adjacent circuit breaker of higher level of not receiving again notice recovers normal.
Take electric network shown in Figure 2 as example, work as d
1During the point short circuit, protective device 1 notice protective device 2 has fault to occur, and at protective device 2, operation time limit is made as t
1In the time of+Δ t, protective device 1 will be with intrinsic operate time of t
1The excision fault.If after protective device 1 action, failure removal, protective device 2 just is failure to actuate.Otherwise protective device 2 will be with t
1The time limit action of+Δ t, the excision fault.Similarly, work as d
2The point short circuit, protective device 2 can detect the notice whether protective device 1 is arranged when notice protective device 3 has fault to occur; If do not have notice, will to set intrinsic operation time limit be t to protective device 2
2, and again notify protective device 3; Protective device 3 is received again notice can be made as t with operation time limit automatically
2+ Δ t is with the backup protection equipment as the C-D section.
In Fig. 2, the intrinsic time limit that can establish each protective device equates.As concerning circuit breaker, can establish t
1=t
2=t
3=t
4=t
5=0.5s, Δ t=0.5s.Therefore, adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method can make the electrical network end identical with the operation time limit of the protective device of close power end, and namely the operation time limit of each protective device is zero time difference.
In zero hour differential overcurrent protection method requirement electrical network, each protective device logically has clear and definite relationship between superior and subordinate.After power network topology changed the relationship between superior and subordinate change that causes between protective device, original protection logic was no longer applicable so, and this just requires to give each protective device logic positioning function, independently adapts to the variation of power network topology.The below is specifically described as an example of certain electric substation's electric power networks shown in Figure 3 example.Comprise two power supplys, two transformers in this network, adopt one-sided power supply during normal operation, the various combination of power supply and transformer can produce 4 kinds of different network topologies so, and wherein a kind of topology is electric current 1 inflow from the end of incoming cables, transformer 1 operation, and 2 is standby.In this case, node 6,7,12,14 place's circuit breakers all disconnect, and node 32-50 status is reciprocity, all is in the network least significant end, is secondly node 31(15-30) → 13 → 5 → 4(3-2) → 1, node 1 the most close power end; For node 31, node 13 is its superior nodes.After adopting transformer 2 to replace transformer 1, node 5,8,12,13 place's circuit breakers all disconnect; For node 31, node 14 becomes its superior node, and node 13 place's circuit breakers are no longer worked, and protection logic originally is no longer applicable.Because the topological structure of each electrical network is always limited; and for every kind of power network topology; each protective device has fixing higher level's protective device; so; can be in each protective device storage inside under all power network topologies; the coded message of higher level's protective device that this device is corresponding, for the node 31 in Fig. 3, recording its possible superior node is 13 and 14.When power network topology changes, after node 31 place's protective devices start, send status request information to possible superior node 13 and 14, according to obtaining feedback information, determine that the node of current " activity " is actual superior node.In like manner, can determine the superior node of other node.The method does not require that each protective device records the Global Topological information of electrical network, and only need record the coding of the possible higher level's protective device that is connected with self direct physical, and information storage is little.On the other hand, the method is only moved once after power network topology changes, and information interaction times is few, and reliability is high.
Fig. 4 is the monitoring circuit breaker cellular construction block diagram of realizing the inventive method, mainly comprises main controller module, communication module, collection of simulant signal and conditioning module, switching value input/output module, power module, temperature and real-time clock module and human-machine interface module etc.Main controller module adopts ARM microprocessor and complex programmable logic processing apparatus (CPLD) as core controller, whole system to be controlled.Wherein, the ARM microprocessor mainly is responsible for input message is processed, and outwards sends control command; CPLD mainly is responsible for the information transmission between ARM microprocessor and most of peripheral hardware and interface as the infologic processor of external equipment and interface.Communication module comprises ethernet controller and interface, is used for the communication between each protective device.The switching value input/output module mainly comprises switching value input and circuit breaker output circuit, is responsible for obtaining the switching value input signal and outwards sends trip signal.
Aspect software, the monitoring circuit breaker unit of the inventive method is take embedded real-time multi-task operating system VXworks as software platform, and design has realized bottom hardware driver, interrupt routine and top level application program.According to relay protection function demand and VXworks system characteristics, interrupt routine and application program have been carried out task division, mainly comprise initiating task, protection task, monitor task, communication task, demonstration task.
Aspect communication protocol, communicate by Ethernet between protective device.Be requirement of real time, adopt the communication protocol of based on token.This agreement sends data at the node that synchronization only allows to have token, has realized two kinds of data transfer modes of point-to-point handshake communication and Web broadcast, has eliminated the randomness of transfer of data.According to this agreement, the maximum delay that data transmit equals the longest travel round time of token on network.Experiment test for two kinds of data transfer modes shows, real-time property has all reached goal-selling, practical requirement.
The advantage of the inventive method is as follows:
1.. overcome that the specified time overcurrent protection method exists the closer to the longer defective of power end operation time limit; make when the whole network any position is short-circuited; only use overcurrent protection just can excise fault in the short time at the utmost point; and automatically satisfy the cooperation of main protection and backup protection, reach the selectivity of defencive function and the best combination of quick-action.
2.. have from the main logic positioning function, the relationship between superior and subordinate between the configuration protection device, initiatively adapt to the variation of power network topology automatically, reduced the manual intervention degree, applied range.
3.. system configuration is simple, flexibility is strong, reliability is high.
4.. can be used in high voltage environment, realize complicated defencive function.For example in the certain applications occasion, the complicated protection such as alternative differential protection and distance protection.
5.. realize simply can be the user and bringing very big facility, for manufacturer brings huge economic benefit.
Claims (9)
1. adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method comprises following steps:
(1) in electrical network, the operation time limit of each protective device is set to identical intrinsic time limit (t
i), there is communication connection between two adjacent protective devices;
(2) when certain protective device detects short circuit current; this protective device begins timing; and notify the adjacent protective device of higher level to have fault to occur; detect simultaneously the corresponding notice that whether has from the adjacent protective device of subordinate; wherein; if this protective device is received the notice of the adjacent protective device of subordinate, operation time limit is set as intrinsic time limit (t
i) add the scheduled time (Dt); If do not have notice, operation time limit is set as intrinsic time limit (t
i), and again notify the higher level adjacent protective device, fault occurs in the zone of this protective device administration;
(3) the adjacent protective device of higher level of receiving again notice will as this regional backup protection equipment, not received the adjacent protective device of higher level of again notifying and recover normal;
Wherein, each protective device has the adaptive logic positioning function, and when power network topology changed, each protective device was set up the superior and the subordinate's logical relation to each other voluntarily.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described protective device is circuit breaker.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, be provided with monitoring unit in circuit breaker, have collection of simulant signal and conditioning module and microprocessor in monitoring unit, the electric current in power circuit, voltage are input in microprocessor by collection of simulant signal and conditioning module; When being short-circuited fault on circuit, microprocessor begins timing, and notifies the adjacent protective device of higher level of this protective device by communication connection.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described communication connection is that Ethernet connects.
5. method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; the coded message of the possible adjacent protective device of higher level has separately all been recorded under various power network topologies in each protective device inside; after power network topology changes; each protective device sends status request information according to the coded message of storage to the adjacent protective device of possible higher level.The protective device of receiving request returns to oneself state, if its current state is " activity ", the protective device that sends request determines that it is the actual adjacent protective device of higher level, sets up the superior and the subordinate's logical relation between each protective device thus.
6. method according to claim 4, described Ethernet adopts the agreement of based on token, and is preferred, and the protective device that synchronization only allows to have token sends data.
7. protective device adaptive logic localization method that is applied to power network topology comprises the following steps:
(1) coded message of the possible adjacent protective device of higher level of the protective device of each in electrical network internal record each protective device under various power network topologies;
(2) after power network topology changes, each protective device sends status request information by communication connection to the adjacent protective device of possible higher level according to described coded message;
(3) current " activity " state that whether is in of the adjacent protective device of higher level that obtains according to feedback,, each protective device is determined the adjacent protective device of the higher level of current reality, sets up thus the superior and the subordinate's logical relation between each protective device.
8. method according to claim 7, described communication connection is Ethernet.
9. method according to claim 8, described Ethernet adopts the agreement of based on token, and is preferred, and the protective device that synchronization only allows to have token sends data.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104113048A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Intelligent protection system of distribution network |
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| US3786311A (en) * | 1973-01-02 | 1974-01-15 | Gen Electric | Circuit breaker and static trip circuit therefor |
| CN1625009A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2005-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | Adaptive zero hour differential overcurrent protection method |
| CN101335609A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2008-12-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Network time clock tracking method, network apparatus and network system |
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