CN103150894B - Control method for eliminating traffic jam of expressway principal line toll station through flow - Google Patents

Control method for eliminating traffic jam of expressway principal line toll station through flow Download PDF

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CN103150894B
CN103150894B CN201310040825.1A CN201310040825A CN103150894B CN 103150894 B CN103150894 B CN 103150894B CN 201310040825 A CN201310040825 A CN 201310040825A CN 103150894 B CN103150894 B CN 103150894B
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charging aperture
traffic
vehicle
pass
time
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CN103150894A (en
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李志斌
刘攀
王炜
徐铖铖
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a control method for eliminating traffic jam of an expressway principal line toll station through flow. At first, a real-time occupancy rate value is automatically obtained through a traffic flow detector arranged on a downstream road section of the expressway principal line toll station, whether the current traffic flow operation condition of a downstream principal line entrance is of supersaturation or not is judged through an occupancy rate, vehicle passing rates of current toll gates are automatically calculated through a control algorithm, and a cycle of a rising-falling rod is automatically controlled, so the fact that traffic jam is generated in principal line downstream due to excessively high vehicle passing rates at the toll gates is avoided. Therefore, the vehicle passing flow rate and the expressway passing efficiency are reduced. The control method overcomes the detects that the traffic jam is generated in the downstream due to the excessively high vehicle passing rates at the expressway principal line toll gates, can achieve maximization of the expressway principal line passing efficiency through automatic control, is easy to implement, and has a widely applied range and good application prospect.

Description

The expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion passes through flow control methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion by flow control methods, according to current flows running status automatic main control line charging aperture vehicle percent of pass, belong to traffic administration and technical field of intelligent traffic.
Background technology
Recent two decades come, China's expressway construction obtains develop rapidly, 2011 the end of the year China's highway total kilometrage reach 8.5 ten thousand kilometers, be sure to occupy second place of the world.Along with the increase of socioeconomic development and the income of residents, China's motorization level development is swift and violent, and vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity increases sharply, and ends for the end of the year 2011, and national vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity is 2.25 hundred million, wherein 1.06 hundred million, automobile; Whole nation vehicle driver reaches 2.36 hundred million people.Along with Expressway Development and vehicles number increase, freeway traffic demand increases sharply, and highway is no longer the synonym of " at a high speed, safety ".When freeway traffic demand is greater than the traffic capacity, cause highway traffic congestion to take place frequently, not only reduce highway traffic efficiency, and add conflict and friction between vehicle.Therefore, how to adopt intelligent transport technology to alleviate traffic congestion near the potential traffic bottlenecks of China's highway, prevention traffic congestion generates and propagates, and becomes major issue urgently to be resolved hurrily in China's freeway traffic regulation practice.
China's highway main line is generally provided with charge station, and upstream arrives the charging aperture that vehicle can be selected to pass through as the case may be, and payment rear vehicle imports highway downstream main line and continues current.Because transport need is larger, when the vehicle rate that charging aperture passes through is greater than the downstream main line traffic capacity, cause vehicle when entering main line position, highway downstream with conflict between other vehicles with friction aggravate, cause traffic congestion and queuing phenomena to generate, and the dissipation rate of queuing vehicle lower than normally non-block up time the traffic capacity.In recent years, along with popularizing of intelligent tolling system for expressway (ETC), single charging aperture vehicle pass-through rate significantly improves; After the traffic policy issue of highway Toll Free festivals or holidays, single charging aperture vehicle percent of pass significantly improves, and exacerbates the traffic congestion of charge station's downstream highway main line further.Produce series of negative effect after traffic congestion generates, make highway not give full play to its traffic capacity, reduce the use level of Freeway Infrastructure.The present invention proposes and be intended to eliminate the expressway principal line toll station of traffic congestion by flow control methods, can automatically control charge station according to traffic flow running rate optimum by vehicle number, avoid traffic congestion to generate, give full play to the highway traffic capacity.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: by automatically detecting freeway traffic flow running status, automatic adjustment highway main line charging aperture vehicle percent of pass maintains optimal level, thus avoid main line position, downstream traffic congestion to generate and traffic capacity decline, improve vehicle on highway traffic efficiency.Overcoming existing highway main line charging aperture vehicle percent of pass cannot auto-control thus cause the defect of traffic congestion.The invention provides a kind of expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion and pass through flow control methods.
Technical scheme: a kind of expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion, by flow control methods, comprises the steps:
(1) gather main line entry position, charge station downstream real-time traffic flow data, judge current time traffic flow running rate.
(2) judge to maintain the downstream main line traffic flow running rate occupation rate threshold value when the traffic capacity according to historical traffic flow data.
(3) according to main line entry position, downstream real-time traffic flow data, integral control algorithm is adopted automatically to calculate the optimum vehicle percent of pass of current each charging aperture.
(4) calculate the single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, according to the optimum vehicle percent of pass of single charging aperture that step (3) calculates, calculate the lifting lever optimum control cycle.
(5) to complete in current lifting lever control cycle after charging aperture vehicle percent of pass optimized control, enter within next cycle, repetition step (3) detects traffic flow occupancy threshold value in next cycle to the process of step (4), automatically the optimum vehicle percent of pass of each charging aperture in next cycle is calculated by integral control algorithm, and calculate the single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, thus complete the optimized control of the charging aperture vehicle percent of pass of next cycle.As time goes on and constantly this control method regulates vehicle percent of pass, the traffic of main line downstream entrance position can be made to keep unimpeded, avoid traffic congestion to occur, prevent the traffic capacity from declining.
In described step 1, by being arranged on the second detecting device of the first detecting device that downstream main line entrance goes out and the downstream being located at downstream main line, gathering main line entry position, charge station downstream real-time traffic flow data, judging current time traffic flow running rate; Described first detecting device and the second detecting device detect traffic flow speed, flow, the occupation rate data of on each track every 30 seconds, and automatically by the data upload that detects to server.
In described step 2, draw the tiltedly accumulative vehicle number variation diagram in time of resampling according to historical traffic flow data, and the first detecting device and the second detector location place occupation rate variation diagram in time.Generating position in order to ensure cur-rent congestion is charge station's downstream main line entrance, needs to guarantee that the first detector location place occupation rate significantly promotes the second detector location place occupation rate simultaneously and keeps present situation.Tiltedly namely the flex point of accumulative vehicle number in time in variation diagram show that the traffic capacity declines and produce, and is defined as the moment that the traffic capacity declines.Occupation rate can differentiate that the traffic capacity declines the occupation rate value in moment as occupation rate threshold value in time in variation diagram, and occupation rate significantly promotes afterwards, and represent that traffic congestion generates, queuing phenomena occurs.According to historical traffic flow data, if main line traffic flow will be maintained be in maximum tonnage capacity level, need to maintain occupation rate at Near Threshold, using this occupation rate threshold value as the optimum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture calculating according to.
In described step 3, described integral control algorithm is:
r i ( t ) = r i ( t - Δt ) + α [ o ^ - o ( t ) ] N - - - ( 1 )
Wherein r it vehicle percent of pass (/ hour) that () is t charging aperture i, r i(t-Δ t) for the vehicle percent of pass of t-Δ t charging aperture i, Δ t be Data Detection cycle (30 seconds), a is automatic controling parameters, for optimum occupation rate threshold value, o (t) is t occupation rate value, and N is charging aperture quantity;
For stablizing, for vehicle percent of pass r of retentive control system it effective span of () sets, i.e. [r minimum value, r maximal value], r minimum valuebe set to 0, r maximal valuebe set to the maximum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture; Consider that the charging aperture vehicle percent of pass of span is:
In described step 4, adopt the following formulae discovery lifting lever optimum control cycle:
T i ( t ) = 3600 r ~ i ( t ) - - - ( 3 )
Wherein T ithe t i charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle that () is t;
The object in the lifting lever optimum control cycle calculated in formula (3) is to avoid too much vehicle simultaneously by charging aperture, causes main line position, downstream to generate traffic congestion and traffic capacity decline.In reality, each car needs certain hour by charging aperture, is labeled as T ik (), needs to coordinate to consider that each car passes through time and the optimum control time of the needs of charging aperture.When vehicle complete charge, time of being produced by charging aperture is when being greater than the lifting lever optimum control cycle, controls lifting lever according to actual generation time; When vehicle complete chargeable time be less than the lifting lever optimum control cycle time, control lifting lever according to the lifting lever optimum control cycle, that is:
Beneficial effect: the expressway principal line toll station of the elimination traffic congestion that the present invention proposes passes through flow control methods, freeway traffic flow automatic detection technology of parameter equipment is utilized to obtain real-time traffic flow data, judge whether traffic flow running rate reaches dbjective state according to traffic flow data, calculate the optimum vehicle percent of pass of current tariff mouth by automatic control algorithm, avoid the generation of traffic congestion.Example shows, and the control method that the present invention proposes has good effect, is better than without highway traffic efficiency in control situation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the expressway principal line toll station of the embodiment of the present invention arranges schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 declines based on the bottleneck traffic capacity of traffic flow data and the setting of occupation rate threshold value in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 runs schematic diagram without controlling and adopting charging aperture to control rear traffic flow by vehicle rate;
Fig. 5 is without controlling and adopting charging aperture to control the rear downstream main line magnitude of traffic flow and occupation rate situation by vehicle rate; Wherein (a) is without the detecting device 1 position magnitude of traffic flow and occupation rate situation in control situation; B () is the lower detecting device 1 position magnitude of traffic flow of optimal flux control and occupation rate situation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, these embodiments should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
The expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion passes through flow control methods, the traffic flow parameter automatic checkout equipment of main line entry position, freeway toll station downstream is utilized to obtain real-time traffic flow data, judge whether traffic flow running rate reaches dbjective state (i.e. traffic capacity state) according to occupation rate data, automatically the optimum vehicle percent of pass of current each charging aperture is calculated according to integral control algorithm, and automatically calculate each charging aperture lifting lever landing cycle, the current rate of automatic adjustment charging aperture vehicle, thus it is unimpeded to make downstream main line traffic flow run maintenance, give full play to the highway traffic capacity.Charge station can with reference to figure 1 by the control method flow process of flow.
The first step gathers main line entry position, charge station downstream real-time traffic flow data, judges current time traffic flow running rate.Fundamental purpose of the present invention is the vehicle congestion in order to eliminate charge station's downstream main line, avoids producing traffic capacity decline phenomenon, thus the vehicle pass-through efficiency of downstream main line is maintained maximization.Therefore, for judging that the detecting device of traffic flow modes must be arranged near the main line entrance of downstream, as shown in detecting device in Fig. 21, namely block up when demand is greater than the main line traffic capacity position generated at first, effectively to identify the generation and dissipation of blocking up.Block up in order to ensure Current traffic and result from main line porch, downstream, and not the main line of further downstream position blocks up and propagates into porch, needs to arrange in main line downstream Traffic flow detecting device, as shown in detecting device in Fig. 22.Traffic flow detecting device must detect traffic flow speed, flow, the occupation rate data of on each track every 30 seconds automatically, and automatically data is uploaded onto the server.
Second step judges to maintain the downstream main line traffic flow running rate occupation rate threshold value when the traffic capacity according to historical traffic flow data.The tiltedly accumulative vehicle number variation diagram in time of resampling is drawn according to historical traffic flow data, and two detecting device (1,2) position occupation rates variation diagram in time.Generating position in order to ensure cur-rent congestion is charge station's downstream main line entrance, needs to guarantee that detecting device 1 position occupation rate significantly promotes detecting device 2 position occupation rate simultaneously and keeps present situation.Tiltedly namely the flex point of accumulative vehicle number in time in variation diagram show that the traffic capacity declines and produce, and determines the moment that the traffic capacity declines.Occupation rate value when occupation rate can differentiate that the traffic capacity declines in time in variation diagram is as control threshold value, and occupation rate significantly promotes afterwards, and represent that traffic congestion generates, queuing phenomena occurs.According to historical traffic flow data, if main line traffic flow will be maintained be in maximum tonnage capacity level, need to maintain occupation rate at Near Threshold, using this occupation rate threshold value as the optimum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture calculating according to.
The real-time traffic flow data that 3rd step detects according to detecting device 1, adopts integral control algorithm automatically to calculate the optimum vehicle percent of pass of current each charging aperture.This control algolithm is:
r i ( t ) = r i ( t - Δt ) + α [ o ^ - o ( t ) ] N - - - ( 1 )
Wherein r it vehicle percent of pass (/ hour) that () is t charging aperture i, r i(t-Δ t) for the vehicle percent of pass of t-Δ t charging aperture i, Δ t be Data Detection cycle (30 seconds), a is automatic controling parameters, for optimum occupation rate threshold value, o (t) is t occupation rate value, and N is charging aperture quantity;
For stablizing of retentive control system, the effective span for vehicle percent of pass ri (t) sets, i.e. [r minimum value, r maximal value], r minimum valuebe set to 0, r maximal valuebe set to the maximum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture.Consider that the charging aperture vehicle percent of pass of span is:
In the four-step calculation single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, according to the optimum vehicle percent of pass of single charging aperture that the 3rd step calculates, adopt the following formulae discovery lifting lever optimum control cycle:
T i ( t ) = 3600 r ~ i ( t ) - - - ( 3 )
Wherein T ithe t i charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle that () is t.
The object in the lifting lever optimum control cycle calculated in formula (3) is to avoid too much vehicle simultaneously by charging aperture, causes main line position, downstream to generate traffic congestion and traffic capacity decline.In reality, each car needs certain hour by charging aperture, is labeled as T ik (), needs to coordinate to consider that each car passes through time and the optimum control time of the needs of charging aperture.When vehicle complete charge, time of being produced by charging aperture is when being greater than the optimum control cycle, controls lifting lever according to actual generation time; When vehicle complete chargeable time be less than the optimum control cycle time, control lifting lever according to the optimum control cycle, that is:
5th step to complete in current control period after charging aperture vehicle percent of pass optimized control, system enters within next cycle, repeat the process of the 3rd step to the 4th step, Traffic flow detecting device detects traffic flow occupancy numerical value in next cycle, automatically each charging aperture vehicle percent of pass in next cycle is calculated by optimal control algorithm in uploading onto the server, and calculate the single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, thus complete the optimized control of charging aperture vehicle by flow rate of next cycle.As time goes on and constantly this control algolithm regulates vehicle percent of pass, the traffic of main line downstream entrance position can be made to keep unimpeded, avoid traffic congestion to occur, prevent the traffic capacity from declining.
Presented example has been carried out below in conjunction with the method to set up of accompanying drawing to invention:
As shown in Figure 2, the traffic flow occupancy numerical value of detecting device 1 position is for calculating optimum vehicle percent of pass, and the traffic flow occupancy of detecting device 2 position is used for guaranteeing that main line downstream is without traffic congestion for certain highway main line charging aperture and Loop detector layout situation.The tiltedly accumulative vehicle number drawn according to true traffic flow data in time variation diagram and two detector location occupation rates variation diagram is as shown in Figure 3 in time.Detecting device 1 position occupation rate significantly promotes detecting device 2 position occupation rate simultaneously and keeps present situation, and showing that cur-rent congestion generates position is charge station's downstream main line entrance.Tiltedly namely the flex point added up in the figure of vehicle number shows that traffic capacity decline produces, and the traffic capacity is 2160/hour/track before declining as can be drawn from Figure 3, is 1980/hour/track after decline, and the moment that the traffic capacity declines is 17:07:30.Occupation rate can find in variation diagram in time, and when the traffic capacity declines, occupation rate is 17, and occupation rate significantly promotes afterwards, and represent that traffic congestion generates, queuing phenomena occurs.Therefore, show according to historical traffic flow data, if main line traffic flow will be maintained be in maximum tonnage capacity level, need to maintain occupation rate near 17, using occupation rate value 17 as optimum occupation rate threshold value, as the optimum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture calculating according to.
Without in control situation and have employed traffic flow ruuning situation schematic diagram in charging aperture flow control situation as shown in Figure 4.Can find out, when not adopting control, because more vehicle passes through charging aperture, current demand near the main line entrance of downstream is caused to be greater than the traffic capacity, create more serious interference and friction between vehicle, traffic congestion produces and queuing phenomena produces, and causes the magnitude of traffic flow of downstream main line lower, namely produce traffic capacity decline phenomenon, have impact on overall traffic efficiency.After adopting charging aperture flow control, as shown in the figure, reduced by the vehicle of charging aperture, vehicle in merge area is made to disturb less between travelling, do not produce in main line entry position, downstream between vehicle and travel conflict and traffic congestion, the downstream main line magnitude of traffic flow is maintained near the traffic capacity, thus effectively prevents traffic congestion to generate.
Before and after highway main line charging aperture has carried out the control of vehicle percent of pass according to the inventive method, the magnitude of traffic flow of main line entrance detecting device 1 position, downstream and the contrast of occupation rate are as shown in Figure 5.Can find, adopt after controlling, the magnitude of traffic flow of downstream main line is improved significantly, and occupation rate value is lower, show that the present invention effectively prevents the traffic congestion of main line entry position, downstream, prevent the traffic capacity decline phenomenon mutually disturbed between queuing vehicle and cause, given full play to the traffic capacity of highway, improve vehicle pass-through efficiency.
The present invention meets the growth requirement of China's freeway traffic regulation.In recent years, along with the fast development of expressway construction and vehicle have the rapid raising of level, highway traffic congestion situation frequently occurs, and causes a series of serious consequence, comprises the reduction of traffic efficiency and the increase of traffic hazard.Along with the development of intelligent toll system (ETC) and the traffic policy of highway Toll Free festivals or holidays are issued, the vehicle of following highway main line charging aperture position will be improved greatly by efficiency, if do not adopt control, the serious traffic congestion of charge station's downstream highway main line will be caused, greatly reduce the traffic efficiency of highway.The present invention proposes and be intended to eliminate the expressway principal line toll station of traffic congestion by flow control methods, can automatically control charge station according to traffic flow running rate optimum by vehicle number, avoid traffic congestion to generate, give full play to the highway traffic capacity.Therefore, the present invention has important use value and good application prospect at China's freeway traffic regulation and controlling party mask.

Claims (3)

1. the expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion, by a flow control methods, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) gather main line entry position, charge station downstream real-time traffic flow data, judge current time traffic flow running rate; By being arranged on the second detecting device of the first detecting device that downstream main line entrance goes out and the downstream being located at downstream main line, gathering main line entry position, charge station downstream real-time traffic flow data, judging current time traffic flow running rate; Described first detecting device and the second detecting device detect traffic flow speed, flow, the occupation rate data of on each track every 30 seconds, and automatically by the data upload that detects to server;
(2) judge to maintain the downstream main line traffic flow running rate occupation rate threshold value when the traffic capacity according to historical traffic flow data;
(3) according to main line entry position, downstream real-time traffic flow data, integral control algorithm is adopted automatically to calculate the optimum vehicle percent of pass of current each charging aperture;
(4) calculate the single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, according to the optimum vehicle percent of pass of single charging aperture that step (3) calculates, calculate the lifting lever optimum control cycle;
(5) to complete in current lifting lever control cycle after charging aperture vehicle percent of pass optimized control, enter within next cycle, repetition step (3) detects traffic flow occupancy threshold value in next cycle to the process of step (4), automatically the optimum vehicle percent of pass of each charging aperture in next cycle is calculated by integral control algorithm, and calculate the single charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle, thus complete the optimized control of the charging aperture vehicle percent of pass of next cycle.
2. the expressway principal line toll station eliminating traffic congestion as claimed in claim 1 passes through flow control methods, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the tiltedly accumulative vehicle number variation diagram in time of resampling is drawn according to historical traffic flow data, and the first detecting device and the second detector location place occupation rate variation diagram in time; Flex point in described tiltedly accumulative vehicle number in time variation diagram is defined as the moment that the traffic capacity declines, the traffic capacity is declined the occupation rate value in moment in variation diagram as occupation rate threshold value by occupation rate in time, occupation rate significantly promotes afterwards, and represent that traffic congestion generates, queuing phenomena occurs.
3. the expressway principal line toll station of traffic congestion of eliminating as claimed in claim 1 is by flow control methods, and it is characterized in that, in described step (3), described integral control algorithm is:
Wherein r it () is the vehicle percent of pass of t charging aperture i, r i(t-Δ t) is the vehicle percent of pass of t-Δ t charging aperture i, and Δ t is the Data Detection cycle, and α is automatic controling parameters, for optimum occupation rate threshold value, o (t) is t occupation rate value, and N is charging aperture quantity;
For stablizing of retentive control system, the effective span for vehicle percent of pass ri (t) sets, i.e. [r minimum value, r maximal value], r minimum valuebe set to 0, r maximal valuebe set to the maximum vehicle percent of pass of charging aperture; Consider that the charging aperture vehicle percent of pass of span is:
In described step (4), adopt the following formulae discovery lifting lever optimum control cycle:
Wherein T ithe t i charging aperture lifting lever optimum control cycle that () is t;
In reality, each car needs certain hour by charging aperture, is labeled as T ik (), needs to coordinate to consider that each car passes through time and the optimum control cycle of the needs of charging aperture; When vehicle complete charge, time of being produced by charging aperture is when being greater than the lifting lever optimum control cycle, controls lifting lever according to actual generation time; When vehicle complete chargeable time be less than the lifting lever optimum control cycle time, control lifting lever according to the lifting lever optimum control cycle, that is:
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