CN103149089A - Multi-stage monitoring system of stretching and fracture state of carbon fiber structure and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-stage monitoring system of stretching and fracture state of carbon fiber structure and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103149089A CN103149089A CN2013100429099A CN201310042909A CN103149089A CN 103149089 A CN103149089 A CN 103149089A CN 2013100429099 A CN2013100429099 A CN 2013100429099A CN 201310042909 A CN201310042909 A CN 201310042909A CN 103149089 A CN103149089 A CN 103149089A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-stage monitoring system of stretching and fracture state of a carbon fiber structure. The system is characterized in that the system comprises a computer, an optical fiber and grating analyzer, a Y-typed optical fiber coupler, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensing probe, an FBG strain wave sensing probe, a first coupler joint, a first sensing optical fiber, a second coupler joint and a second sensing optical fiber. The computer is connected with the optical fiber and grating analyzer, the Y-typed optical fiber coupler comprises an input end of the Y-typed optical fiber coupler and two output ends of the Y-typed optical fiber coupler, the input end of the Y-typed optical fiber coupler is connected with the optical fiber and grating analyzer, one output end of the Y-typed optical fiber coupler is connected sequentially with the first coupler joint, the first sensing optical fiber and the FBG strain sensing probe, and the other output end of the Y-typed optical fiber coupler is connected sequentially with the second coupler joint, the second sensing optical fiber and the FBG strain wave sensing probe. The system achieves monitoring of the whole process of the fracture of the carbon fiber structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring system stage by stage and monitoring method thereof of carbon fiber structural tension failure state.
Background technology
The characteristics such as light based on quality, that intensity is high, design flexibility is strong, as a kind of high performance structures with stronger permanance, higher reliability, carbon fiber structural has solved the technical barrier that single performance material in the past can't be crossed over, become the main flow trend of the high-tech area developments such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, be widely used in the structure such as fixed fin, fuselage, wing of aircraft.Yet, such material make and long-term military service process in, may produce the structural damage of the forms such as inner breakpoint, crackle, delamination, if untimely discovery and take corresponding maintenance measure will cause the rapid destruction of total, hidden danger causes a serious accident.Fracture damage is one of structure main damage form, and the study on monitoring of fracture damage is had positive effect.
The method of lossless detection carbon fiber structural breaking state comprises X-ray detection X method, supersonic sounding, acoustic emission detection method etc. at present.The advantage of X-ray detection X method be image ratio directly perceived, the judgement ratio of flaw size and character is easier to, but its detection sensitivity to fine crack is low, acquisition cost is higher.Supersonic sounding has the characteristics such as detectable thickness is large, detection sensitivity is high, cost is low, but it has certain blind area, near field when surveying, and it is easily contaminated to survey test specimen.Compare with above-mentioned detection method, acoustic emission detection has highly sensitive, the inspection area coverage is large, loss is low and can be in the test specimen advantage of surveying in service, therefore, the method is widely used in the fracture damage monitoring of carbon fiber structural, is the mainstream technology in monitoring structural health conditions field present stage and even one period in the future.
Due to optical fiber sensing system have that quality is light, volume is little, corrosion-resistant, be easy to long-haul telemetry and realize the advantage such as distributed measurement, make the structural health monitoring technology based on Fibre Optical Sensor become the new focus that the outer aviation area research persons of Present Domestic pay close attention to.20 century 70s, the C1aus of state university of the Virginia, US Institute of Technology etc. has imbedded enhancing structural carbon fiber to optical fiber first, makes material have the function of sensing and detecting broken damage.Subsequently, Ge Lumen company adopts damage and the strain of fiber-optic grating sensor monitoring F-18 wing, LMT is applied in optical fiber grating sensing network on the stress and monitoring temperature of X-33 space shuttle, has used the health monitoring systems based on fiber Bragg grating sensor network on the structure engine case of DALTA II rocket.But above-mentioned application is unrealized overall process monitoring to the carbon fiber structural fracture all.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of monitoring system stage by stage and monitoring method thereof of carbon fiber structural tension failure state.
Technical scheme: a kind of monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state comprises computing machine, fiber grating analyser, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism, FBG strain sensing probe, FBG strain wave sensing probe, the first coupling mechanism joint, the first sensor fibre, the second coupling mechanism joint and the second sensor fibre; Computing machine is connected with the fiber grating analyser, and the y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism comprises a y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end and two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals, and y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end is connected with the fiber grating analyser; Two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals, one of them y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal is connected with the first coupling mechanism joint, the first sensor fibre, FBG strain sensing probe successively, and another y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal is connected with the second coupling mechanism joint, the second sensor fibre, FBG strain wave sensing probe successively.
In order to improve the accuracy of detection, described FBG strain sensing probe comprises the first sensor fibre, be located at the FBG strain sensing grid region of the first sensor fibre fibre core inside and the full gluing glue-line that is located at FBG strain sensing probe top layer, during use, gluing glue-line and test specimen glued joint coupling entirely.
The restriction of FBG strain wave sensing probe range in the observation process, described FBG strain wave sensing probe comprises the second sensor fibre, be located at the FBG strain wave sensing grid region of the second sensor fibre fibre core inside, the local viscose point that is used for fixing the grid region fixed mount of FBG strain wave sensing probe and is located at FBG strain wave sensing probe top layer, during use, local viscose point was coupled with local splicing of test specimen.
In order further to improve the accuracy that detects, described FBG strain sensing probe and FBG strain wave sensing probe are more than two, and arrange for distributed network.
Above-mentioned sensor-based system, comprise the front FBG strain sensing device of stress relaxation, the FBG strain wave sensing device in the stress relaxation process, all there is supporting sensing scheme said apparatus inside, and then realizes the whole process monitoring to carbon fiber structural tensioning member Tensile Fracture Process; Adopt the full coupling of glueing joint in FBG strain sensing device before stress relaxation between CFRP tensioning member and FBG sensing probe, to improve the strain sensitivity; FBG strain wave sensing device in the stress relaxation process adopts the formula of coming unstuck locally coupled, avoids because the excessive sensing device that causes of strain range lost efficacy in advance; In observation process, the FBG sensing probe is always distributed network and arranges, and effectively controls the sensor network redundancy issue.The composition of Distributed FBG carbon fiber structural tension failure monitoring system is: can prepare a plurality of online FBG strain sensing probes and FBG strain wave sensing probe on same optical fiber, and different root optical fiber can be in parallel, effectively controls the sensor network redundancy issue.
The method of the monitoring of the monitoring system stage by stage carbon fiber structural tension failure state of above-mentioned carbon fiber structural tension failure state comprises the steps:
A, phase one monitoring: when the carbon fiber structural internal break constantly carries out, the FBG peak value that causes by FBG strain sensing probe strain variation changes, and then realization is to the monitoring of carbon fiber structural tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change, when the stretching rate of change of FBG centre wavelength tends towards stability, when carbon fiber structural tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus is tending towards constant, test specimen reaches the damage critical conditions gradually, along with constantly carrying out of stretching, stress relaxation phenomenon occurs gradually, saltus step appears in the peak value of FBG strain wave sensor, enters the next stage measurement;
B, subordinate phase monitoring: this stage, due to constantly carrying out of stretching, the stress relaxation phenomenon of carbon fiber structural tensile test specimen inside constantly occurs, cause the strain wave response condition of diverse location due to stress relaxation by monitoring test specimen to be measured in Tensile Fracture Process, and then obtain institute's carbon determination fibre structure tensile test specimen internal break distribution situation, be breaking state, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to fracture position.
Above-mentioned FBG strain sensing probe strain variation is actually the strain variation on surface, FBG strain sensing grid region.
Above-mentioned detection method utilizes the FBG reflection spectrometry to monitor; Strengthen the abbreviation of construction stretch part and FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating FBG at CFRP(carbon fiber to be monitored) adopt between sensing probe complete glued joint coupling and the formula of coming unstuck locally coupled; In observation process, the FBG sensing probe is always distributed network and arranges.
In above-mentioned steps A, utilize FBG sensing grid region to the sensitive natur of CFRP tensioning member surface strain variations, by measuring in drawing process because inside configuration fracture, layering cause that FBG center wavelength variation speed reduces degree, detect the CFRP test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change and the internal break state thereof that exceed stretch section.
Above-mentioned monitoring method, the monitoring parameter of phase one is for characterizing the characteristic parameter of construction stretch part rigidity, that is: the macroscopic elastic modulus of test specimen.Utilize elastic modulus as characterization parameter, the FBG spectral characteristic combined with carbon fiber structural tensioning member stiffness variation status monitoring before stress relaxation, realize to the degree of impairment before the structural break state of saturation carry out in real time, on-line monitoring.
Above-mentioned monitoring method, the monitoring parameter of subordinate phase is the wavy attitude of tensioning member surface strain in the stress relaxation process, after entering critical conditions, utilize the wavy attitude of tensioning member surface strain as characterization parameter, cause the strain wave response condition of diverse location due to stress relaxation by monitoring test specimen to be measured in Tensile Fracture Process, and then obtain the CFRP tensile test specimen internal break distribution situation of surveying, namely breaking state, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to fracture position.
Said method, for accuracy and the convenience of monitoring, break up a little as the stage with the damage critical conditions, to monitoring because stress relaxation causes the strain wave response condition after CFRP test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change before the damage critical conditions and damage critical conditions.
Before the damage critical conditions, CFRP test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus reduces with the increase of internal injury, and near the damage critical conditions time, CFRP tensile test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus occurs and be tending towards steady state.
Said method, in order to improve the accuracy of monitoring, use before stress relaxation in FBG strain sensing probe and stress relaxation process with FBG strain wave sensing probe, wherein adopt the full coupling of glueing joint between the probe of the FBG strain sensing before stress relaxation and carbon fiber structural to be measured, adopt local splicing to be coupled between the FBG strain wave sensing probe in the stress relaxation process and carbon fiber structural to be measured.
In FBG strain sensing data analysis before above-mentioned stress relaxation, by FBG sensing curve being carried out the slope variation analysis of local data's section, and then can obtain the situation of change of the macroscopic elastic modulus of carbon fiber structural.
Carbon fiber structural of the present invention refers to carbon fibre composite.
The technology that the present invention is not particularly limited is prior art.
Beneficial effect: the monitoring of carbon fiber structural tensioning member fracture process is divided into two stages, that is: break up a little as the stage with the damage critical conditions, to the damage critical conditions before CFRP test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change and the damage critical conditions after because stress relaxation causes monitoring of strain wave response condition, extended the operational use time of carbon fiber structural tensioning member breaking state monitoring system; Utilize that FBG effects on surface strain variation resolution is high, response is fast, high flux, sensitivity, special, easy, to advantages such as the own not damageds of sample, realize the monitoring of carbon fiber structural spare Tensile Fracture Process, determine internal break state and the fracture position of construction stretch part, can be applicable to the carbon fiber structural tension failure condition monitoring in the fields such as aviation, naval vessel; Simultaneously owing to having adopted optical fiber as the sensing matrix, have again anti-electromagnetic interference capability strong, high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant, can realize the advantages such as distributed measurement and long-haul telemetry monitoring; By simplifying the sensor-based system structure and adopting spectrum detection technique, can improve measuring accuracy, overcome luminous intensity measurement and be subject to the shortcoming that the flashing photographic fixing rings; By adopting corresponding encapsulation and protected mode, can avoid the impact that the FBG sensor-based system brought due to extraneous factors such as temperature, humidity, guarantee reliability and the permanance of breaking state monitoring.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state;
Fig. 2 is y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the FBG strain sensing probe schematic diagram before stress relaxation;
Fig. 4 is the FBG strain wave sensing probe schematic diagram in the stress relaxation process;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of monitoring system stage by stage of distributed carbon fiber structural tension failure state;
In figure, 1 is the fiber grating analyser, 2 is the y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism, and 31 is the first coupling mechanism joint, and 32 is the second coupling mechanism joint, 41 is the first sensor fibre, 42 is the second sensor fibre, and 5 are FBG strain sensing probe, and 6 is FBG strain wave sensing probe, 7 is computing machine, 8 is y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end, and 9 is y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal, and 10 is the first sensing grid region, 16 is the second sensing grid region, 11 is full gluing glue-line, and 12 is the first fibre core, and 15 is the second fibre core, 13 is the grid region fixed mount, and 14 is local viscose point.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Fig. 1-5, the monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state comprises computing machine 7, fiber grating analyser 1, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2, the first coupling mechanism joint 31, the second coupling mechanism joint 32, the first sensor fibre 41, the second sensor fibre 42, FBG strain sensing probe 5 and FBG strain wave sensing probe 6; Computing machine 7 is connected with fiber grating analyser 1, and y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2 comprises a y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end 8 and two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals 9, and y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end 8 is connected with fiber grating analyser 1; Two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals 9, one of them y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal 9 is connected with the first coupling mechanism joint 31, the first sensor fibre 41, FBG strain sensing probe 5 successively, and another y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal 9 is connected with the second coupling mechanism joint 32, the second sensor fibre 42, FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 successively.
fiber grating analyser 1(can adopt si425 type fiber grating analyser) middle built-in light source, enter y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end 8(as shown in Figure 2), propagate into y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal 9, again by the first coupling mechanism joint 31, propagate into FBG strain sensing probe 5 or pass through the second coupling mechanism joint 32 through the first sensor fibre 41, propagate into FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 through the second sensor fibre 42, produce coupling effect with the surface strain interaction of test specimen to be measured, in through FBG strain sensing probe 5 or FBG strain wave sensing probe 6, after the reflex in grid region, the formation reflection ray enters fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 by the reflection end of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2, the relation curve of processing between output reflection optical wavelength and variable parameter through computing machine 7 again, thereby realized the full fiberize of whole optical path part.
According to FBG spectrum output characteristics, the FBG by different centre wavelengths can realize the distributed carbon fiber structural tension failure monitoring system that multidigit point is surveyed to the carbon fiber structural tensile test specimen.When FBG strain sensing probe 5 or FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 are in different test position, the Strain Distribution situation of different positions to be measured and sensor interaction, thus cause the variation of each FBG center sensor wavelength.By sensor being exported the detection of the different centre wavelengths of FBG spectrum, can obtain the signal of Distributed Detection.
Fig. 3 is FBG strain sensing probe 5 schematic diagram before stress relaxation, described FBG strain sensing probe 5 comprises the fibre core that is located at the first sensor fibre 41 inside, be located at the first sensing grid region 10 of the first sensor fibre 41 fibre core inside and the full gluing glue-line 11 that is located at FBG strain sensing probe 5 top layers, utilize FBG responsive grid region to the reflection of light effect, the special wavelength light that transmits is reflected back, make itself and test specimen entirely glued joint coupling by full gluing glue-line 11.
the fracture degree of saturation of research carbon fiber structural tensioning member and the impact of test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus, utilize FBG sensing grid region to the sensitive natur of CFRP tensioning member surface strain variations, by measuring in drawing process due to the inside configuration fracture, layering causes the rate of change of FBG centre wavelength, detection exceeds CFRP test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change and the internal break state thereof of stretch section, that is: when the CFRP internal break constantly carries out, cause the rate of change of FBG peak value by detecting the grid region surface strain variations, and then realization is to the monitoring of CFRP tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change, the variation that CFRP tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus is namely measured to tensile test specimen surface strain variations speed in said measurement FBG sensing grid region.
Fig. 4 is FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 schematic diagram in the stress relaxation process.Described FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 comprises the fibre core that is located at the second sensor fibre 42 inside, be located at the second sensing grid region 16 of the second sensor fibre 42 fibre core inside, the local viscose point 14 that is used for fixing the grid region fixed mount 13 of FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 and is located at FBG strain wave sensing probe top layer, utilize FBG responsive grid region to the reflection of light effect, the special wavelength light that transmits is reflected back, by local viscose point 14, itself and local splicing of test specimen are coupled, avoid the restriction of FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 ranges in observation process.
The impact of stress relaxation phenomenon and test specimen tension failure state in research stress relaxation process, cause the strain wave response condition of diverse location due to stress relaxation by monitoring test specimen to be measured in Tensile Fracture Process, and then the acquisition CFRP tensile test specimen internal break distribution situation of surveying, be breaking state, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to fracture position.
Fig. 5 is distributed carbon fiber structural tensile test specimen fracture monitoring system schematic diagram.Its concrete composition is to be carved into the FBG sensing grid region of different centre wavelengths at the diverse location of same fiber core.Therefore a plurality of FBG strain sensing probes 5 and FBG strain wave sensing probe 6 can be set simultaneously, and multifiber can be in parallel on same optical fiber.
Claims (7)
1. the monitoring system stage by stage of a carbon fiber structural tension failure state, is characterized in that: comprise computing machine, fiber grating analyser, y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism, FBG strain sensing probe, FBG strain wave sensing probe, the first coupling mechanism joint, the first sensor fibre, the second coupling mechanism joint and the second sensor fibre; Computing machine is connected with the fiber grating analyser, and the y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism comprises a y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end and two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals, and y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism input end is connected with the fiber grating analyser; Two y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminals, one of them y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal is connected with the first coupling mechanism joint, the first sensor fibre, FBG strain sensing probe successively, and another y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism output terminal is connected with the second coupling mechanism joint, the second sensor fibre, FBG strain wave sensing probe successively.
2. the monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described FBG strain sensing probe comprises the first sensor fibre, be located at the FBG strain sensing grid region of the first sensor fibre fibre core inside and the full gluing glue-line that is located at FBG strain sensing probe top layer.
3. the monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described FBG strain wave sensing probe comprises the second sensor fibre, be located at the FBG strain wave sensing grid region of the second sensor fibre fibre core inside, the local viscose point that is used for fixing the grid region fixed mount of FBG strain wave sensing probe and is located at FBG strain wave sensing probe top layer.
4. the monitoring system stage by stage of carbon fiber structural tension failure state as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described FBG strain sensing probe and FBG strain wave sensing probe are more than two, and arrange for distributed network.
5. utilize the method for the monitoring of the monitoring system stage by stage carbon fiber structural tension failure state of the described carbon fiber structural tension failure of claim 1-4 any one state, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, phase one monitoring: when the carbon fiber structural internal break constantly carries out, the FBG peak value that causes by FBG strain sensing probe strain variation changes, and then realization is to the monitoring of carbon fiber structural tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change, when the stretching rate of change of FBG centre wavelength tends towards stability, when carbon fiber structural tensioning member macroscopic elastic modulus is tending towards constant, test specimen reaches the damage critical conditions gradually, along with constantly carrying out of stretching, stress relaxation phenomenon occurs gradually, saltus step appears in the peak value of FBG strain wave sensor, enters the next stage measurement;
B, subordinate phase monitoring: this stage, due to constantly carrying out of stretching, the stress relaxation phenomenon of carbon fiber structural tensile test specimen inside constantly occurs, cause the strain wave response condition of diverse location due to stress relaxation by monitoring test specimen to be measured in Tensile Fracture Process, and then obtain institute's carbon determination fibre structure tensile test specimen internal break distribution situation, be breaking state, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to fracture position.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: break up a little as the stage with the damage critical conditions, to monitoring because stress relaxation causes the strain wave response condition after carbon fiber structural test specimen macroscopic elastic modulus situation of change before the damage critical conditions and damage critical conditions.
7. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: use before stress relaxation in FBG strain sensing probe and stress relaxation process with FBG strain wave sensing probe, wherein adopt the full coupling of glueing joint between the probe of the FBG strain sensing before stress relaxation and carbon fiber structural to be measured, adopt local splicing to be coupled between the FBG strain wave sensing probe in the stress relaxation process and carbon fiber structural to be measured.
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| CN105403518A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 上海大学 | C/SiC composite material corrosion state monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
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| CN112857227A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of monitoring steel beam cracks and monitoring method |
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| CN104833573A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-12 | 陕西法士特齿轮有限责任公司 | Method for detecting tensile breaking force of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber cloth |
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| CN105426600B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of interlayer connection elasticity modulus calculation method that carbon fibre composite is laminated |
| CN105403518A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 上海大学 | C/SiC composite material corrosion state monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN105403518B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-07-10 | 上海大学 | The monitoring system and monitoring method of C/SiC composite material etch states |
| CN109613005A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-12 | 武汉隽龙科技股份有限公司 | Damage detecting method based on OFDR |
| CN109523197A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安和美(天津)科技有限公司 | A kind of evaluation method for failure of fibre reinforced composites |
| CN112519996A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Composite material propeller for underwater dynamic strain measurement and preparation method thereof |
| CN112857227A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of monitoring steel beam cracks and monitoring method |
| CN112857227B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-05-24 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of monitoring cracks of steel beam and monitoring method |
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