CN103148677A - Air separation system for isobarically separating oxygen and nitrogen from air - Google Patents
Air separation system for isobarically separating oxygen and nitrogen from air Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air separation system for isobarically separating oxygen and nitrogen from the air. A Rankine cycle system of a similar thermal power cycle system of the low-temperature end is adopted, a hydraulic pump is adopted to input work, a refrigerant is utilized to supply cold to the air separation system, and therefore nitrogen and oxygen can be isobarically separated from the air. Under the premise of the same refrigerating capacity, the air separation system can save energy by more than 30 percent in comparison with conventional advanced units, meanwhile, by means of the air separation system, gas can be centrally supplied, and the air separation system is a breakthrough in the conventional air separation technology and the refrigeration theory, and can bring remarkable economic, social and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the isobaric air separation unit of producing oxygen nitrogen that separates of a kind of air, specifically belong to the cryogenic refrigeration technical field.
Background technology
The high speed development of national economy, be unable to do without air-separating plant.So-called air-separating plant (is called for short air separation unit, the common name oxygenerator) refer to and utilize the cryogenic refrigeration principle by air liquefaction, then, according to the difference of each component boiling point, carry out rectifying in rectifying column, finally obtain oxygen, nitrogen, or extract the device of one or more rare gas simultaneously.
Nineteen thirty-nine, the centripetal reaction turbine decompressor of Soviet scientists Ka Picha academician invention high efficiency (>80%) runoff, for condition has been created in the birth of full Low Pressure Oxygen Making Machine.The Ka Picha turbo-expander is the basis of countries in the world turbo-expander development in modern age, and the low-pressure liquefied circulation of Ka Picha is the basis of modern large oxygen-making machine.In the cryogenic technique field, be that continue British scientist joule in 1852 and Thomson finds that joule-Thomson benefit is the first milestone, the invention of " Ke Laote circulation " be embodied as the second milestone, the appearance of " Ka Picha circulation " and full Low Pressure Oxygen Making Machine is called as the 3rd milestone.
Along with Ferrous Metallurgy, chemical industry, the especially growth of the industry such as Coal Chemical Industry to space division product demands such as oxygen, nitrogen, oxygenerator to maximizing, the large future development, domestic ultra-large type oxygenerator has reached 90000m
3/ h grade, the New Technologies of oxygen also emerges in an endless stream, and domestic low temperature process making oxygen has reached the comprehensive universal degree of the 6th generation new technological process.Unit consumption for oxygen production is from the original 3kwh/m that is greater than
3o
2be down to 0.37kwh/m
3o
2left and right, the product of oxygenerator is no longer also single gas oxygen, existing gas products has again fluid product, and produces pure oxygen, purity nitrogen, straight argon, and rare gas extracts.The development of oxygenerating technology and oxygenerator is all the time round safety, intelligence, energy-conservation, and the direction of simple flow, reduce cost is being carried out.
Below the brief description of 4 kinds of typical traditional processes:
Accompanying drawing 1 is tubular type 3200m
3/ h oxygenerator schematic flow sheet, in Fig. 1: 1-regenerator, the automatic clack box of 2-, 3-turbo-expander, 4-expansion filter, the 5-liquefier, tower under 6-, 7-condenser/evaporator, the upper tower of 8-, 9-liquid oxygen adsorber, the 10-liquid air adsorber, 11-liquid nitrogen subcooler, 13-liquid oxygen pump, 14-carbon dioxide adsorber.The type oxygenerator adopts efficient turbine expander refrigeration all low-pressure flow, take the Ka Picha circulation as basis, freeze to remove moisture and carbon dioxide with the stone filler regenerator that is embedded with coiled pipe, bleed and guarantee its non-freezability with middle part, take out in carbon dioxide adsorber 4 removings the carbon dioxide in bleeding in using.Oxygen-enriched liquid air filters carbon dioxide dry ice through the liquid air adsorption filter, and the acetylene that adsorption liquid is aerial, be provided with liquid oxygen pump 13, and the liquid oxygen circulation is removed to the acetylene in liquid oxygen through liquid oxygen adsorber, to guarantee the oxygenerator safe operation.Adopt the long-tube condenser/evaporator in device, to improve heat transfer efficiency.In pipe, be the liquid oxygen boiling, gas nitrogen condensation between pipe.The working medium of decompressor is air.In bleed by take out carbon dioxide adsorber and remove the bypass gas come with lower tower after carbon dioxide and enter decompressor together with converging, after expanding, to enter tower be La Heman gas to gas.
Accompanying drawing 3 is 30000m
3/ h external compression oxygenerator schematic flow sheet.In Fig. 3: AC-air cooling compressor, AF-air cleaner, AP-liquid argon pump, TC-Centrifugal Air Compressor, BT1-supercharger (decompressor), tower under C1-, the upper tower of C2-, C701-crude argon column I, C702-crude argon column II, C703-pure argon column, the E1-main heat exchanger, E2-liquid air liquid nitrogen subcooler, EH-electric heater, the ET1-turbo-expander, K1-main condenser evaporimeter, K701-crude argon condenser, K702-crude argon liquefier, K704-essence argon evaporimeter, MS1, MS2-molecular sieve purifier; PV701-liquid nitrogen balancer, WC-water cooling tower, WP1, WP2-water pump.This oxygenerator is empty minute flow process of the 6th generation.Air is removed the airborne moisture of processing, carbon dioxide, acetylene and other hydrocarbons through the centrifugal compressor compression by molecular sieve purifier.Then air enters the plate-fin main heat exchanger and is cooled to saturation temperature and enters Xia Ta.Liquefaction cycle adopts the Ka Picha circulation, adopts the booster expansion turbine refrigeration, and after expanding, air enters Shang Ta.Upper tower is regular packed tower, and lower tower adopts sieve-plate tower.Crude argon column and pure argon column are set in cold insulated cabinet, and crude argon column and pure argon column are regular packed tower, have realized without argon argon processed.Gas oxygen goes out pressure tower 21kPa, and gas nitrogen goes out pressure tower 8kPa, adopts centrifugal type oxygen press and nitrogen compressor to carry out the product compression.Be typical external compression flow process, also can be described as " metallurgy type " oxygenerator.Except adopting above-mentioned core technology, also adopt bunk beds molecular sieve purification technology, the high-efficiency evaporating cooling technology such as (cancellation refrigerators) of double-layer main cooling and nitrogen-water chilldown system, make the air separation unit of this type of flow process further energy-saving and cost-reducing.
Accompanying drawing 4 is chemical industry type 52000m
3/ h oxygenerator schematic flow sheet, in Fig. 4: the AC-air cooling compressor, the AF-air cleaner, the ATC1-Centrifugal Air Compressor, ATC2-air circulation supercharger, AP-liquid argon pump, tower under C1-, the upper tower of C2-, C701-crude argon column I, C702-crude argon column II, the C703-pure argon column, the E1-main heat exchanger, the E3-subcooler, the ET-decompressor, BC-supercharger (decompressor), the EC-water-cooling tower, the SH-steam heater, K1-main condenser evaporimeter, the K701-crude argon condenser, K702-crude argon liquefier, K703-essence argon condenser, K704-essence argon evaporimeter, MS1, the MS2-molecular sieve purifier, the NP-liquid nitrogen pump, the OP-liquid oxygen pump.This oxygenerator is typical interior compression process, and the characteristics of this flow process and supporting machine are: (1) raw material air compressor machine and supercharging air machine all adopt centrifugal compressor, by a steam turbine, are dragged, i.e. one drag two; (2) bunk beds molecular sieve purifier, and in switched system, adopted without impacting handoff technique; (3) press the booster expansion turbine refrigeration in the employing, refrigeration working medium is air, and the air after expansion enters Xia Ta; (4) main heat exchanger is efficient plate-fin heat exchanger, is divided into two groups of heat exchangers of high and low pressure; (5) this air separation unit arranges 6 product pumps, two liquid oxygen pumps, two liquid nitrogen pumps and two liquid argon pumps.Be the using and the reserved, i.e. running, another online cold standby.Liquid oxygen pump, liquid nitrogen pump and the liquid argon pump of the interior compression that this technology that must emphasize adopts extremely merit attention: utilize liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon to approach the character of incompressible fluid, the technology of more traditional employing compressor supercharging (because gas is compressible fluid), obviously the power consumption of motor significantly descends.
Above-mentioned 4 kinds of typical process have all utilized the La Heman principle, air after expanding is blown into to upper tower, perhaps utilize from the nitrogen extracted out of the top cover of tower or condenser/evaporator, a part is converged and is entered turbo-expander after reversing heat exchanger circulation is by re-heat, nitrogen after expansion is drawn as product nitrogen gas, or converges emptying after cold is reclaimed in the reversing heat exchanger re-heat with dirty nitrogen.Owing to from Xia Ta, drawing nitrogen, the condensation number of condenser/evaporator reduces, thereby the liquid measuring of sending into tower reduces, and the rectifying potentiality are utilized, and on the external large-scale full low pressure air separation unit of the flow process that this employing nitrogen expands, is used.Adopting the method for air expansion, nitrogen expansion is all in order to reduce upper tower liquid distillate, and the temperature difference between the gas-liquid while making rectifying reduces, and has utilized upper tower rectifying potentiality, makes full low pressure air separation unit have larger reasonability.
The main foundation of above-mentioned traditional air separation unit divided gas flow is thermodynamics, adopt the empty minute kind of refrigeration cycle process of the contrary cycle analysis in Kano of the same temperature difference, the economic index of kind of refrigeration cycle is coefficient of refrigerating performance, the ratio of the income obtained exactly and the cost expended, and with atmospheric temperature T
0with temperature be T
call kind of refrigeration cycle between low-temperature heat source (as freezer), with the coefficient of refrigerating performance of reverse Carnot cycle for the highest:
ε in above formula
cfor coefficient of refrigerating performance, q
2for the refrigerating capacity of circulation, w
0for the net work that circulates and consume.
Actual cycle efficiency adopts the coefficient of refrigerating performance of actual cycle and the ratio of theoretical circulation coefficient to be described usually, but its theoretical foundation is, with the contrary circulation in Kano, air separation process is carried out to cycle analysis.
In fact, Kano is in the paper of " about thermodynamic opinion ", and the conclusion drawn is: " all heat engines of working between the constant temperature thermal source of two different temperatures, with the efficiency of reversible heat engine for the highest." by the descendant, being referred to as Carnot's theorem, the thermal efficiency that arranges the Carnot cycle drawn by the desirable equation of gas state is:
The temperature T of the high temperature heat source in formula (2)
1with the temperature of low-temperature heat source be T
2all higher than atmospheric temperature T
0, and can draw following some important conclusion:
1) thermal efficiency of Carnot cycle only is decided by the temperature of high temperature heat source and low-temperature heat source, and namely the temperature during working medium heat absorption and release, improve T
1and T
2, can improve the thermal efficiency.
2) thermal efficiency of Carnot cycle can only be less than 1, must not equal 1, because T
1=∞ or T
2=0 all can not realize.In other words, though in cycle engine in the ideal case, also heat energy all can not be converted into to mechanical energy, the thermal efficiency is certainly more impossible is greater than 1.
3) work as T
1=T
2the time, thermal efficiency of cycle equals 0, it shows, in the system of equalized temperature, heat energy can not be converted into mechanical energy, heat energy produces power must have temperature difference as thermodynamic condition, thereby has verified that the machine by the single source continuous doing work does not manufacture, or perpetual motion machine of the second kind is non-existent.
4) Carnot cycle and thermal efficiency formula thereof are significant in thermodynamic (al) development.At first, it has established the theoretical foundation of the second law of thermodynamics; Secondly, the research of Carnot cycle has been pointed out direction for improving the various heat power machine thermal efficiency, closely may improve the endothermic temperature of working medium and reduce as far as possible the exothermic temperature of working medium, and heat release is carried out while can unearned minimum temperature being atmospheric temperature approaching.What in Carnot cycle, propose utilizes adiabatic compression to improve the method for gas endothermic temperature, still generally adopts take in the heat power machine that gas is working medium so far.
5) limit point of Carnot cycle is atmospheric temperature, and to the circulation of the process of refrigerastion lower than environment temperature, Carnot cycle does not provide clear and definite answer.
Due to the imperfection of coefficient of refrigerating performance, the scholar of lot of domestic and foreign is studied it, and has proposed Perfect Suggestions.Ma Yitai etc. in the analysis of the research of the Energy Efficiency Standard of heat pump product and cycling hot mechanics sophistication " refrigeration with " in conjunction with Curzon and Ahlborn the analysis that this irreversible procedure introducing thermodynamic cycle of different transfer of heat is arranged, and the inspiration of the Finite-Time Thermodynamics created thus, in conjunction with the CA cycle efficieny, proposed the thermodynamics sophistication of CA direct circulation, made the efficiency research of refrigeration and heat pump product that progress to a certain degree arranged.
But use thermodynamic (al) basic theories not make simple, clear and intuitive explanation to the air separation unit cyclic process.Einstein once did evaluation to classical thermodynamics: " a kind of theory, its prerequisite is simpler, and related things is more, and more extensively, it gives people's impression just more deep to its accommodation." to sky, divide the basic theories of refrigerating field to explore, also answer this advantage of to succeed and develop.
Therefore a sky minute kind of refrigeration cycle is studied, really find the theoretical foundation of air separation unit circulation, find the correct direction of improving empty minute flow process, and organize new air separation unit flow process on this theoretical foundation, reduce by a relatively large margin the energy consumption of air separation unit, become the difficult point of empty minute technical field research.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to be applied to for solving Carnot's theorem the imperfection that the air separation unit Cyclical Theory is analyzed, proposition is cold theory of mechanics corresponding to the new refrigerating theory of thermodynamic argument, and the new equipressure of this principle design of proposition application is separated the air separation unit of producing oxygen nitrogen.Be referred to as low-temperature receiver for the environment lower than atmospheric temperature, with respect to the thermal source higher than environment temperature; Corresponding to heat energy, heat, corresponding cold energy, cold concept are proposed; Described refrigerating plant, refer to consume that mechanical power realizes cold energy from atmospheric environment to low temperature cold source or from low temperature cold source to the more transfer of low temperature cold source.When realizing the cold energy conversion, all need the operation material of Cucumber as refrigerating plant, be called refrigeration working medium.
In process of refrigerastion, Conversion of Energy and law of conservation are followed in the transmission of cold energy.
For describing direction, condition and the limit that in process of refrigerastion, cold transmits, propose cold mechanics second law: the essence of cold mechanics second law is the same with the essence of the second law of thermodynamics, follow equally " can matter decline demote principle ", be multi-form cold energy, be the difference that " matter " is arranged on the ability of changing successfully amount; Even the cold energy of same form, when its existence is different, its transfer capability is also different.The real process that all cold energy transmit, the direction always descended towards energy matter is carried out, and all cold energy are always from being sent to the conversion of atmospheric environment direction.The raising process of cold energy energy matter can not be automatically, carry out individually, the process that the process of the raising of an energy matter must be accompanied by the decline of another energy matter occurs simultaneously, this process can matter descended is exactly to realize the compensation condition of necessity that can the matter elevation process, with can matter drop to cost, by way of compensation promote can the matter elevation process realization.In real process, as the energy matter decline process of cost, must be enough to the process that compensation energy matter raises, the universal law that must descend to meet total energy matter.Therefore, under the compensation condition descended in certain energy matter, the process that energy matter raises must have a theoretical limit the highest.Only, under the ideal conditions of completely reversibility, just can reach this theoretical limit, at this moment, can just in time equal the offset that energy matter descends by the matter lift-off value, make total energy quality guarantee hold constant.Visible, reversible process is the energy matter conservative process of equidimensional ideal; Energy matter total in irreversible procedure must descend; May realize in no instance the process that the total energy matter of isolated blob is raise.Here it is can matter declines and demotes the physical connotation of principle, is the essence of cold mechanics second law, is also the essence of the second law of thermodynamics, and it has disclosed, and all Macroscopic Process are mandatory, the objective law of relative process travel direction, condition and limit.
The fundamental formular of describing cold mechanics second law is:
In formula (3), Tc2<Tc1<To, To is environment temperature, is Kelvin's thermometric scale.
Relative environment temperature To, the maximum cold efficiency of low-temperature receiver under Tc1, Tc2 is:
Be assumed to be q
2the refrigerating capacity of circulation, w
0for the net work that circulates and consume, when sink temperature is Tc1:
Equally, when sink temperature is Tc2:
From formula (4), to (7), be not difficult to find out, the efficiency of cold mechanics is between 0 to 1, inevitable due to irreversibility in real process, and kind of refrigeration cycle efficiency always is less than 1;
When environment temperature To determines, sink temperature is lower, from this low-temperature receiver, inputs same merit, and the refrigerating capacity of acquisition is more, and this has indicated direction for building new air separation unit flow process.
It should be noted that:
(1) cold is spontaneously from low temperature cold source to environment temperature, to transmit;
(2) can not pass to cold lower low-temperature receiver and not cause other variations from low temperature cold source;
(3), when cold is from the low temperature cold source transmission to environment, the merit amount exchanged with the external world is w
0, wherein comprise the idle work p that environment is done
0(V
0-V
c), p
0for atmospheric pressure, Vo is the volume under environment temperature, and Vc is the volume under sink temperature, and the reversible useful work of the maximum that can do is:
(4), when cold is from the low temperature cold source transmission to environment, to the unavailable energy of environment transmission, be:
Idle work to the environment transmission is: p
0(V
0-V
c)
Available energy corresponding to heat
unavailable energy " cinder ", fetch water to heat, cold fiery understanding, and the available energy for cold, be named as " cold ripples ", and cold is called " cold Jin " to the unavailable energy of environment transmission, and " Jin " pronunciation is " using up ".
(5), when cold energy transmits to environment temperature, outwards the optimum pattern of acting is for adopting the thermal generator of Seebeck (Seebeck) effect, i.e. cold power generator;
(6) in cold mechanics, energy must, also must meet Conversion of Energy and law of conservation;
(7) by using for reference the design of Finite-Time Thermodynamics, can develop the cold mechanics basic theories of finite time;
(8) can not break away from the grade that environment is estimated cold;
(9) cold mechanics and thermodynamics are two branches in energetics, both there is the one side of opposition, exist again unified one side: in the cryogenic refrigeration circulation, under the prerequisite of following cold mechanics second law, the Rankine cycle principle is followed again in the cyclic process of the cold-producing medium working medium of constructing under low temperature environment, again get back to again Carnot law, just meet the principle that has the positive and negative sun to help mutually in the moon in Chinese traditional aesthetics.
From the above-mentioned theory basis, can find out, the cold mechanics of supposing has the theoretical frame system with the thermodynamics symmetry, meets the basic principle of the aesthetics of science, opposes each other and yet also complement each other, symmetry principle.
Based on above-mentioned cold mechanics basic principle, the present invention proposes to be different from the process organization of traditional air separation unit, realizes that air produces the new way of oxygen nitrogen isobaric the separation, and effectively reduces the energy consumption of air separation unit.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measures:
The isobaric air separation unit of producing oxygen nitrogen that separates of a kind of air, this air separation unit realizes that the isobaric processing step separated of air is as follows:
(1) raw air 1 except dust and mechanical admixture, enters compressor through air cleaner 2, is compressed to required pressure in 3;
(2) compressed air through precooling enters purifier 4 removing moisture, carbon dioxide and a small amount of acetylene, hydrocarbons, then is cooled to condensing temperature through main cool exchanger 6, enters the lower tower 8 of rectifier unit;
(3) tower 8 slightly heats up in a steamer the oxygen-enriched liquid air 11 obtained down, after liquid air adsorber 12 removes acetylene, after subcooler 42 is excessively cold, without throttling, directly sends into the middle part of tower, through condenser/evaporator 9, evaporates nitrogen, obtains liquid oxygen, oxygen;
(4) liquid nitrogen that condenser/evaporator 9 produces, flow back to lower tower 8 and make phegma; Also direct extension liquid nitrogen product, another part liquid nitrogen is made lower tower phegma; The nitrogen 13 that draw on lower tower middle part or top forms liquid nitrogen 22 through subcooler 42 condensations, sends into the top of tower 10, the distillation process of tower in participation;
(5) liquid oxygen 14 that upper tower 10 rectifying obtain, after liquid oxygen pump 15, liquid oxygen adsorber 16 remove acetylene and hydrocarbon, return to the tower bottom, thereby form the liquid oxygen closed circuit; Perhaps the liquid oxygen 14 after liquid oxygen pump 15, liquid oxygen adsorber 16 remove acetylene is directly sent as product 17; Perhaps again after 33 superchargings of liquid oxygen booster pump, after main cool exchanger 6 reclaims colds, as product high pressure oxygen 34, send;
(6) dirty nitrogen from the auxiliary tower bottom of tower draw, after dirty nitrogen pipeline 37, main cool exchanger 6 reclaim colds, deliver to nitrogen water precooler or directly emptying;
(7) without the oxygen 35 of expansion step-down from Shang Ta draws, enter main cool exchanger 6 or after auxiliary cool exchanger 41, main cool exchanger 6 reclaim colds as 36 outputs of product oxygen;
(8) main cool exchanger 6 adopts the nitrogen 23 that upper top of tower draws, oxygen 35, the dirty nitrogen that draw upper tower bottom to provide cold as low-temperature receiver, enters Xia Ta after making prepurifying air 5 cooling, enters rectifier unit separating off nitrogen oxygen;
(9) auxiliary cool exchanger 41 adopts and mends cooling systems cold is provided, or and the upper top of tower nitrogen 23 of drawing, oxygen 35, the dirty nitrogen that draw upper tower bottom provide cold as low-temperature receiver, make air 40 be cooled to condensing temperature;
(10) refrigeration working medium of benefit cooling system is nitrogen, argon gas, neon, helium, or the mixture of above-mentioned gas, preferably nitrogen; Mend cooling system and fill into the cold of air separation process needs and the cold loss caused by heat inleak of device.
(11) the refrigeration working medium cyclic process of benefit cooling system is:
The liquid refrigeration working medium 19 out from refrigeration working medium basin 18, after hydraulic pump 20 superchargings, through returning cooler 21, auxiliary cool exchanger 41 formation refrigeration working medium superheated steams 24, through decompressor 25, subcooler 42, space division system is filled into to needed cold, through returning cooler 21, choke valve 27, return to refrigeration working medium basin 18 again, thereby form the cold power closed circuit of refrigeration working medium.
The braking equipment 28 of described decompressor 25 adopts blower fan, motor, hydraulic pump or compressor.
(12) be provided with liquefaction of nitrogen device 29: the outlet exhaust steam 26 of decompressor 25, through liquefaction of nitrogen device 29, subcooler 42, time cooler 21, is got back to working medium basin 18 here; Nitrogen 23 forms nitrogen products 22 through 29 condensations of liquefaction of nitrogen device, or after liquid nitrogen booster pump 31, main cool exchanger 6 reclaim cold, as high pressure nitrogen 32 outputs.
Boiling point under the normal pressure of described refrigeration working medium, less than or equal to oxygen, includes but not limited to one or more rare gas such as liquid nitrogen, liquid argon, liquid neon, liquid helium, if guarantee safety, also can use liquid oxygen or liquid hydrogen, preferably liquid nitrogen.
Described isobaric the separation, refer to the raw air that enters empty minute distillation system, and without the step-down refrigeration that expands the space division technique as traditional, compressor air out, only have along the drag losses of journey equipment and pipeline, can be considered as isobaric separation process.
Described purifier 4 comprises molecular sieve purifier, reversible cold-exchange or stone regenerator, guarantees the normal operation continuously of technique.
Described refrigeration working medium basin 18 adopts necessary cold insulation measure, as adopted the cold insulation materials such as heat-insulation vacuum container, pearlife.
Described main cool exchanger 6, time cooler 21, subcooler 42 adopt the cold-exchange of shell-and-tubes, plate-fin, microchannel or other patterns, its structure and to change cold element identical with shell-and-tube heat exchanger in traditional sky minute flow process, plate-fin heat exchanger, micro-channel heat exchanger etc., just for corresponding with refrigeration system and change title accurately.
Unaccounted equipment and back-up system thereof, pipeline, instrument, valve, cold insulation in the present invention, the mature technology had in the known traditional kind of refrigeration cycle of employing such as regulatory function bypass facility carry out supporting.
Be provided with safety, the control facility supporting with refrigerating circulatory device of the present invention, make device energy economy, safety, high thermal efficiency operation, reach purpose energy-saving and cost-reducing, environmental protection.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
1, energy-saving effect is remarkable: air expander or the nitrogen expansion machine of cancelling tradition circulation in empty minute, utilize the character that approaches incompressible fluid of liquid, adopt the cryogenic liquid circulating pump to carry out supercharging and supplement cold, realize the equipressure separation of air, can effectively improve the efficiency of kind of refrigeration cycle, with traditional air separation unit, compare, the fractional energy savings of identical refrigerating capacity reaches more than 30%.
2, pass through liquid nitrogen pump, liquid oxygen pump to the product gas supercharging, can save a large amount of power consumptions.
3, by improving the operating pressure of rectifying column, can realize smoothly saving the equipment such as the work done during compression of product oxygen, nitrogen output and oxygen compressor, nitrogen compressor, and supporting cooling water system with it,
4, flow setting is more succinct, and the potentiality of distillation system are not fully exerted, and operating flexibility is large, and operation is regulated more flexible.
5, the reserve level of equipment and material has minimizing by a relatively large margin.
6, liquid oxygen pump, the liquid nitrogen pump of the space division system by isobaric separating nitrogen oxygen, can, energy-saving pressurized efficient to gas oxygen, nitrogen, can realize central gas supply, is similar to heat supply process in traditional vapor collection, has far-reaching society and economic implications.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is tubular type 3200m
3/ h oxygenerator schematic flow sheet:
In Fig. 1: 1-regenerator, the automatic clack box of 2-, 3-turbo-expander, 4-expansion filter, 5-liquefier, tower under 6-, 7-condenser/evaporator, the upper tower of 8-, 9-liquid oxygen adsorber, 10-liquid air adsorber, 11-liquid air subcooler, 13-liquid oxygen pump, 14-carbon dioxide adsorber.
Fig. 2 is reversible heat exchanger self-cleaning 10000m
3/ h oxygenerator schematic flow sheet:
In Fig. 2: 1-reversible heat exchanger, the automatic clack box of 2-, 3-liquefier (dirty nitrogen), 4-liquefier (purity nitrogen), 5-liquefier (oxygen), 6-turbo-expander, tower under 7-, 8 condenser/evaporators, the upper tower of 9-, the 10-liquid air subcooler, the 11-liquid oxygen supercooler, 12-liquid nitrogen subcooler, 13-liquid oxygen adsorber, the 14-liquid air adsorber, the 15-liquid oxygen pump.
Fig. 3 is 30000m
3/ h external compression oxygenerator schematic flow sheet:
In Fig. 3: AC-air cooling compressor, AF-air cleaner, AP-liquid argon pump, TC-Centrifugal Air Compressor, BT1-supercharger (decompressor), tower under C1-, the upper tower of C2-, C701-crude argon column I, C702-crude argon column II, C703-pure argon column, the E1-main heat exchanger, E2-liquid air liquid nitrogen subcooler, EH-electric heater, the ET1-turbo-expander, K1-main condenser evaporimeter, K701-crude argon condenser, K702-crude argon hydraulic press, K704-essence argon evaporimeter, MS1, MS2-molecular sieve purifier; PV701-liquid nitrogen balancer, WC-water cooling tower, WP1, WP2-water pump.
Fig. 4 is chemical industry type 52000m
3/ h oxygenerator schematic flow sheet:
In Fig. 4: AC-air cooling compressor, AF-air cleaner, ATC1-Centrifugal Air Compressor, ATC2-air circulation supercharger, AP-liquid argon pump, tower under C1-, the upper tower of C2-, C701-crude argon column I, C702-crude argon column II, C703-pure argon column, the E1-main heat exchanger, the E3-subcooler, ET-decompressor, BC-supercharger (decompressor), the EC-water-cooling tower, the SH-steam heater, K1-main condenser evaporimeter, K701-crude argon condenser, K702-crude argon liquefier, K703-essence argon condenser, K704-essence argon evaporimeter, MS1, MS2-molecular sieve purifier; The NP-liquid nitrogen pump, the OP-liquid oxygen pump.
Fig. 5 is isobaric method and the device schematic flow sheet of producing oxygen nitrogen that separate of air of the present invention:
In Fig. 5: the 1-air, the 2-air cleaner, the 3-compressor, the 4-clarifier, the 5-prepurifying air, 6-master's cool exchanger, 7-advances lower tower air, tower under 8-, the 9-condenser/evaporator, the upper tower of 10-, the 11-oxygen-enriched liquid air, the 12-liquid air adsorber, tower nitrogen under 13-, the 14-liquid oxygen, the 15-liquid oxygen pump, the 16-liquid oxygen adsorber, the 17-liquid oxygen, 18-refrigeration working medium basin, 19-liquid refrigeration working medium, the 20-hydraulic pump, 21-returns cooler, the 22-liquid nitrogen, the 23-low temperature nitrogen, 24-refrigeration working medium superheated steam, the 25-decompressor, 26-decompressor outlet exhaust steam, the 27-choke valve, the 28-braking equipment, 29-liquefaction of nitrogen device, the 30-liquid nitrogen, 31-liquid nitrogen booster pump, the 32-high pressure nitrogen, 33-liquid oxygen booster pump, the 34-high pressure oxygen, 35-oxygen, 36-product oxygen, the dirty nitrogen pipeline of 37-, the dirty nitrogen of 38-, the 39-product nitrogen gas, the 40-air, 41-assists cool exchanger, the 42-subcooler.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the air separation unit of the isobaric separating oxygen and nitrogen of a kind of air, specific embodiment is as follows:
Refrigeration working medium adopts liquid nitrogen, and concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) raw air 1, enters and calms the anger except dust and mechanical admixture through air cleaner 2, is compressed to required pressure in machine 3;
(2) compressed air through precooling enters purifier 4 removing moisture, carbon dioxide and a small amount of acetylene, hydrocarbons, then is cooled to condensing temperature through main cool exchanger 6, enters the lower tower 8 of rectifier unit;
(3) oxygen-enriched liquid air 11 that tower 8 rectifying obtain down, after liquid air adsorber 12 removes acetylene, after subcooler 42 is excessively cold, without throttling, directly send into the middle part of tower, through condenser/evaporator 9, evaporates nitrogen, obtains liquid oxygen, oxygen;
(4) liquid nitrogen that condenser/evaporator 9 produces, flow back to lower tower 8 and make phegma;
(5) liquid oxygen 14 that upper tower 10 rectifying obtain, after liquid oxygen pump 15, liquid oxygen adsorber 16 remove acetylene and hydrocarbon, return to the tower bottom, thereby form the liquid oxygen closed circuit; Perhaps the liquid oxygen 14 after liquid oxygen pump 15, liquid oxygen adsorber 16 remove acetylene is directly sent as product 17; Perhaps again after 33 superchargings of liquid oxygen booster pump, after main cool exchanger 6 reclaims colds, as product high pressure oxygen 34, send;
(6) dirty nitrogen from the auxiliary tower bottom of tower draw, after dirty nitrogen pipeline 37, main cool exchanger 6 reclaim colds, deliver to nitrogen water precooler or directly emptying;
(7) main cool exchanger 6 adopts the nitrogen 23 that upper top of tower draws, oxygen 35, the dirty nitrogen that draw upper tower bottom to provide cold as low-temperature receiver, enters Xia Ta after making prepurifying air 5 cooling, enters rectifier unit separating off nitrogen oxygen;
(8) auxiliary cool exchanger 41 adopts and mends cooling systems cold is provided, or and the upper top of tower nitrogen 23 of drawing, oxygen 35, the dirty nitrogen that draw upper tower bottom provide cold as low-temperature receiver, make air 40 be cooled to condensing temperature;
(9) the refrigeration working medium cyclic process of benefit cooling system is:
The liquid nitrogen 19 out from refrigeration working medium basin 18, after hydraulic pump 20 superchargings, through returning cooler 21, auxiliary cool exchanger 41 refrigeration working medium superheated steams 24, through decompressor 25, subcooler 42, space division system is filled into to needed cold, through returning cooler 21, choke valve 27, return to refrigeration working medium basin 18 again, thereby form the cold power closed circuit of refrigeration working medium.The braking equipment 28 of described decompressor 25 adopts compressors, for to gas products oxygen or nitrogen supercharging.
Be provided with liquefaction of nitrogen device 29: the outlet exhaust steam 26 of decompressor 25 is through liquefaction of nitrogen device 29, and liquefaction nitrogen, form nitrogen products 22, or after 31 superchargings of liquid nitrogen booster pump, after main cool exchanger 6 reclaims cold, as high pressure nitrogen 32 outputs.
Described refrigeration working medium basin 18 adopts necessary cold insulation measure, as adopted the cold insulation materials such as heat-insulation vacuum container, pearlife.
Unaccounted equipment and back-up system thereof, pipeline, instrument, valve, cold insulation in the present invention, the mature technology had in the known traditional kind of refrigeration cycle of employing such as regulatory function bypass facility carry out supporting.
Be provided with sky of the present invention and divide the supporting safety of EGR, control facility, make device energy economy, safety, high thermal efficiency operation, reach purpose energy-saving and cost-reducing, environmental protection.
Although the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above, they are not for limiting the present invention, anyly are familiar with this skill person, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, certainly, when making various changes or retouch, belong to equally the present invention's protection domain.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should with the application claim was defined is as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1. an equipressure is separated the air separation unit of producing oxygen nitrogen, and this device comprises air purge system, chilldown system, distillation system and benefit cooling system, it is characterized in that:
The benefit cooling system of described device, refer to from refrigeration working medium basin (18) liquid refrigeration working medium (19) out, after hydraulic pump (20) supercharging, form refrigeration working medium superheated steam (24) through returning cooler (21), after decompressor (25) expands cooling, by subcooler (42), space division system is filled into to required cold, then through returning cooler (21), return to refrigeration working medium basin (18), thereby form the cold power closed circuit of refrigeration working medium.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Be provided with auxiliary cool exchanger (41): the liquid refrigeration working medium (19) out from refrigeration working medium basin (18), after hydraulic pump (20) supercharging, through returning cooler (21), auxiliary cool exchanger (41) formation refrigeration working medium superheated steam (24), after decompressor (25) expands cooling, again through returning cooler (21), return to refrigeration working medium basin (18), by subcooler (42), auxiliary cool exchanger (41), space division system is filled into to required cold, thereby form the cold power closed circuit of refrigeration working medium.
3. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The lower tower (8) of described device slightly heats up in a steamer the oxygen-enriched liquid air (11) obtained, through the de-acetylene of liquid air adsorber (12), subcooler (42) cross cold after, but send into tower (10) after reducing pressure by regulating flow, or send into upper tower (10) without throttle equipment;
The nitrogen (23) that the lower tower (8) of described device is drawn is after subcooler (42) is condensed into liquid nitrogen (22), but send into tower (10) after reducing pressure by regulating flow, or send into upper tower (10) without throttle equipment, or as product nitrogen gas (39), export after directly entering main cool exchanger (6) recovery cold;
The isolated oxygen of described device distillation system (35) is drawn from Shang Ta (10), through main cool exchanger (6) or through auxiliary cool exchanger (41), main cool exchanger (6), after reclaiming cold, as product oxygen (36), exports;
The isolated nitrogen of described device (23), from Shang Ta (10) Base top contact, is exported as product nitrogen gas (39) after reclaiming cold through main cool exchanger (6) or through auxiliary cool exchanger (41), main cool exchanger (6).
4. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Be provided with liquefaction of nitrogen device (29): the outlet exhaust steam (26) of decompressor (25), through liquefaction of nitrogen device (29), subcooler (42), time cooler (21), is got back to refrigeration working medium basin (18); Nitrogen (23) forms nitrogen products (22) through liquefaction of nitrogen device (29) condensation, or, after liquid nitrogen booster pump (31), main cool exchanger (6) reclaim cold, as high pressure nitrogen (32), exports.
5. according to the described device of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that:
The braking equipment (28) of described decompressor (25) adopts blower fan, motor, hydraulic pump or compressor.
6. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Be provided with choke valve (27):
The liquid refrigeration working medium (19) out from refrigeration working medium basin (18), through hydraulic pump (20), return cooler (21) or and auxiliary cool exchanger (41) form refrigeration working medium superheated steam (24), after decompressor (25) expands cooling, by subcooler (42) or and auxiliary cool exchanger (41) space division system is filled into to required cold, again through returning cooler (21), choke valve (27), return to refrigeration working medium basin (18), thereby form the cold power closed circuit of refrigeration working medium.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that:
Be provided with liquid oxygen booster pump (33): the liquid oxygen (14) that upper tower (10) rectifying obtains, after liquid oxygen pump (15), liquid oxygen adsorber (16) remove acetylene and hydrocarbon, again after liquid oxygen booster pump (33) supercharging, after main cool exchanger (6) reclaims cold, as product high pressure oxygen (34), send.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described distillation system comprises lower tower (8), condenser/evaporator (9), upper tower (10), adopts integral type or split type structure.
9. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Described air purge system comprises purifier (4), adopts molecular sieve purifier, reversible cool exchanger or stone regenerator, guarantees the air separation unit continuous and steady operation.
10. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
Described main cool exchanger (6), liquefaction of nitrogen device (29), subcooler (42), auxiliary cool exchanger (41) can arrange one or more, and air (5), nitrogen (23), oxygen-enriched liquid air (11) were carried out to cold treatment.
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