CN103146802A - Method for screening traditional Chinese medicines influencing drug resistance of escherichia coil generating ESBLs (extended spectyum beta lactamase) - Google Patents
Method for screening traditional Chinese medicines influencing drug resistance of escherichia coil generating ESBLs (extended spectyum beta lactamase) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for screening traditional Chinese medicines influencing the drug resistance of escherichia coil generating ESBLs (extended spectyum beta lactamase). The method comprises the following steps of: determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations of western medicines and traditional Chinese medicines to escherichia coil strains generating ESBLs through adopting a microtest tube double broth dilution method on a 96-well cell culture plate, then adding the traditional Chinese medicines with the sub minimum inhibitory concentrations into a culture medium, and culturing and determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the western medicines through using the microtest tube double broth dilution method again; and subculturing in the culture medium added with the traditional Chinese medicines with the same sub minimum inhibitory concentrations and the western medicines with the same concentrations through utilizing a continuous passage method until observing that the sub minimum inhibitory concentrations of the western medicines are reduced by more than 4 times than those before the passage culture, and thus judging that the traditional Chinese medicines have multidrug-resistant reversion functions on the western medicines. The method is not limited by the culture possibility of bacteria which are effected by the traditional Chinese medicines, the bactericidal effect and multidrug-resistant reversion function of the traditional Chinese medicines are not interfered with each other, so that the screening type and scope of the traditional Chinese medicines are broadened; and the method is convenient to operate, and the screening result can be accurately and quickly determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of to producing the sex Chinese medicine screening method of ESBLs intestinal bacteria generation resistance.
Background technology
Intestinal bacteria are common conditioned pathogens, can the former multiple location severe infections such as chicken acute sepsis, peritonitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, enteritis of having carried out the coffin upon burial, but also secondary or mixed in virus disease, cause huge financial loss to aquaculture.amoxycilline Trihydrate bp wherein, the Ampicillin Trihydrate, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, the beta-lactam lopps microbiotic such as ampicillin/sulbactam are the important drugs commonly used of this disease of control, along with cultivation scale intensive degree is more and more large, medication is more and more spread unchecked, its Resistant strain is more and more many, more about the Drug Resistance of E. coli report, one of main mechanism that studies confirm that at present resistance is to produce β-lactamase, especially extended spectrumβ-lactamase, hereinafter to be referred as ESBLs, ESBLs can be more by force and is hydrolyzed fast beta-lactam nucleus, make this class microbiotic lose anti-microbial activity.ESBLs is the main enzyme type of β-lactamase, and ESBLs is not only to cephalo three generations and aztreonam resistance, and aminoglycoside, quinolones and sulfamido are the intersection resistance, only to carbapenems, a mould alkene class medicaments insensitive.Present many documents have reported that colibacillary multi-drug resistant and generation ESBLs have substantial connection, comparatively pay close attention to it both at home and abroad.I have carried out the detection, extraction, enzyme of chicken source pathogenic bacterium ESBLs to the researchs such as the enzyme protection effect that presses down of antibiotic percent hydrolysis and Sulbactam, Tazobactam Sodium and Chinese medicine.Colibacillary drug sensitive test shows to part ESBLs, and its multidrug resistant rate is apparently higher than non-ESBLs bacterial strain.Result also shows product ESBLs bacterial strain not only to the serious resistance of the third generation cephalosporins such as ceftiofur in addition, and also to multiple antimicrobial drug resistances such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside and sulfamidos, is serious multidrug resistant.Bacterial drug resistance has become the mankind's huge challenge at present, and " superbacteria " that especially occurred in 2010 makes the mankind more recognize the threat that drug tolerant bacteria produces the mankind.Report in " Information Times " on September 9th, 2010, superbacteria pasts medical help.Zhong Nanshan academician mentions abuse of antibiotics and equals to spin a cocoon around oneself.Also have report to mention Future Ten year, superbacteria can be tackled with antibiotic-free in the whole world, if the impetus of abuse of antibiotics can not be curbed, the mankind will get back to the antibiotic-free epoch, also just mean the epoch for the treatment of with Chinese medicine that come back to.
Also more to the sex research report of the resistance of resistant organism about Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine at present, research method wherein mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is the photocopy pharmacological method, and another kind is the R-plasmid removing method.After the condition of these two kinds of method successes was Chinese medicine effect bacterium, the bacterium after must guaranteeing to be applied can also continue to survive and just can be trained the confirmatory experiment that merit is carried out next step resistance elimination again.Because traditional Chinese medicine ingredients is complicated, can act on bacterium many target position, affect the growth of bacterium different steps, and then affect the different position of bacterium and different breeding growth metabolism links, so not all Chinese medicine effect bacterium still can guarantee bacterial growth after eliminating resistance.And utilize above-mentioned two kinds of methods to screen, only have the Chinese medicine ability that does not affect bacterial growth out screened, seriously dwindled the scope of screening Chinese medicine, when also having screening in addition action time length be difficult to judge, breakneck acceleration is slow, complex operation and the accuracy shortcoming that is difficult to judge as a result.Therefore, can produce rapidly and accurately the Chinese medicine screening method of resistance impact to resistant organism in the urgent need to a kind of in actual production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency for above-mentioned prior art existence, provide a kind of and produce the sex Chinese medicine screening method of resistance to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria, no matter whether bacterium after the Chinese medicine effect can be survived to verify whether Chinese medicine has the resistance influence, enlarge Chinese medicine and the Western medicine scope of screening, judge quickly and accurately the selection result.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose is taked is: a kind of to producing the sex Chinese medicine screening method of ESBLs intestinal bacteria generation resistance, comprise the following steps:
(1) coli strain that resistance is produced ESBLs separates, and identifies, and saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure respectively Western medicine and with plan screening Chinese medicine, the resistance that step (1) obtains is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, thereby draw the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine and the subinhibitory concentration that plan is screened Chinese medicine;
(3) screen the subinhibitory concentration of Chinese medicine according to the plan of step (2) gained, add the plan screening Chinese medicine of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure Western medicine and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) screen the subinhibitory concentration of Chinese medicine according to the plan of step (2) gained, add the plan screening Chinese medicine of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the Western medicine that adds same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, the minimal inhibitory concentration of observation Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all length bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration plan screening Chinese medicine and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Go down to posterity according to this, until comparing with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained, the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes diminishes more than 4 times, the coli strain that i.e. judgement plan screening Chinese medicine produces ESBLs to resistance has the drug resistance inversion effect, namely intends screening Chinese medicine and Western medicine interaction in vitro and has restraining effect preferably in the coli strain of resistance product ESBLs.
The described passage number that goes down to posterity was no more than for 10 generations.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) can judge quickly and accurately the action time of intending screening Chinese medicine reduction Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration, and along with the prolongation of action time causes the exact value that the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration changes.
(2) can be disposable screening intend a large amount of Western medicine of screening Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines, 96 orifice plates can screen 8 Western medicine at least, efficient is high.
(3) easy to operate.
(4) restriction that whether still can cultivate after not being subjected to bacterium by the Chinese medicine effect can be avoided the conflict of Chinese medicine sterilizing effect and drug resistance inversion effect, has enlarged types of screens and the scope of Chinese medicine.
(5) can judge relation between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, as antagonism, collaborative, the minimal inhibitory concentration value that strengthens and whether increase along with the growth of action time Western medicine.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
Have the screening of Herba Lycopi's Chinese medicine of drug resistance inversion effect to producing TEM type intestinal bacteria, carry out according to following steps:
(1) adopt the conventional ESBLs of producing intestinal bacteria prescreening method screening bacterium producing multi enzyme preparation, then proving conclusively product ESBLs type with the pcr amplification method is the TEM type, saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure the Herba Lycopi and resistance is produced the subinhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, measure the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine, Western medicine is amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, Ciprofloxacin, norfloxicin, Levofloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Sulfamonomethoxime Sodium, Gatifloxacin and florfenicol.
(3) according to the Herba Lycopi's of step (2) gained subinhibitory concentration, add the Herba Lycopi of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure respectively amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, Ciprofloxacin, norfloxicin, Levofloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Sulfamonomethoxime Sodium, Gatifloxacin and florfenicol and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) according to the Herba Lycopi's of step (2) gained subinhibitory concentration, add the Herba Lycopi of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding various Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the various Western medicine that add same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of various Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration Herba Lycopi and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Continue according to this to go down to posterity, diminish more than 4 times until the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes is compared with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained.
The selection result records as shown in the table:
Subinhibitory concentration Herba Lycopi substratum goes down to posterity and causes the variation (ug/ml) of producing ESBLs intestinal bacteria Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration
Result shows through after containing subinhibitory concentration Herba Lycopi substratum and going down to posterity, and above-mentioned Western medicine all reduces more than 4 times producing the colibacillary minimal inhibitory concentration of ESBLs, can be judged as the Herba Lycopi and have the drug resistance inversion effect to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria.
Embodiment 2
Have the screening of drug resistance inversion effect Ilex rotunda Thunb. Chinese medicine to producing CTX-M type intestinal bacteria, carry out according to following steps:
(1) adopt the conventional ESBLs of producing intestinal bacteria prescreening method screening bacterium producing multi enzyme preparation, then proving conclusively product ESBLs type with the pcr amplification method is the CTX-M type, saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure Ilex rotunda Thunb. and resistance is produced the subinhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, measure the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine, Western medicine is amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, norfloxicin, Levofloxacin, methlacetylquinoxalinediode, Clinafloxacin, Sulfamonomethoxime Sodium, Gatifloxacin and florfenicol.
(3) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Ilex rotunda Thunb. of step (2) gained, add the Ilex rotunda Thunb. of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure respectively amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, norfloxicin, Levofloxacin, methlacetylquinoxalinediode, Clinafloxacin, Sulfamonomethoxime Sodium, Gatifloxacin and florfenicol and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Ilex rotunda Thunb. of step (2) gained, add the Ilex rotunda Thunb. of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding various Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the various Western medicine that add same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of various Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration Ilex rotunda Thunb. and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Continue according to this to go down to posterity, diminish more than 4 times until the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes is compared with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained.
The selection result records as shown in the table:
Subinhibitory concentration Ilex rotunda Thunb. substratum goes down to posterity and causes the variation (ug/ml) of producing ESBLs intestinal bacteria Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration
Result shows through after containing subinhibitory concentration Ilex rotunda Thunb. substratum and going down to posterity, and above-mentioned Western medicine all reduces more than 4 times producing the colibacillary minimal inhibitory concentration of ESBLs, can be judged as Ilex rotunda Thunb. and have the drug resistance inversion effect to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria.
Embodiment 3
Have the screening of drug resistance inversion effect Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae Chinese medicine to producing TEM and CTX-M type intestinal bacteria, carry out according to following steps:
(1) adopt the conventional ESBLs of producing intestinal bacteria prescreening method screening bacterium producing multi enzyme preparation, then proving conclusively product ESBLs type with the pcr amplification method is TEM and CTX-M type, saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae and resistance is produced the subinhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, measure the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine, Western medicine is ceftriaxone sodium, amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, amikacin, doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin and norfloxicin.
(3) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae of step (2) gained, add the Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure respectively ceftriaxone sodium, amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, amikacin, doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin and norfloxicin and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae of step (2) gained, add the Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding various Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the various Western medicine that add same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of various Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Continue according to this to go down to posterity, diminish more than 4 times until the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes is compared with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained.
The selection result records as shown in the table:
Subinhibitory concentration Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae substratum goes down to posterity and causes the variation (ug/ml) of producing ESBLs intestinal bacteria Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration
Result shows through after containing subinhibitory concentration Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae substratum and going down to posterity, and above-mentioned Western medicine all reduces more than 4 times producing the colibacillary minimal inhibitory concentration of ESBLs, can be judged as Herba Bidentis Bipinnatae and have the drug resistance inversion effect to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria.
Embodiment 4
Do not have the screening of drug resistance inversion effect Treebine Stem Chinese medicine to producing TEM type intestinal bacteria, carry out according to following steps:
(1) adopt the conventional ESBLs of producing intestinal bacteria prescreening method screening bacterium producing multi enzyme preparation, then proving conclusively product ESBLs type with the pcr amplification method is the TEM type, saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure Treebine Stem and resistance is produced the subinhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, measure the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine, Western medicine is ceftriaxone sodium, amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, amikacin, doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin and norfloxicin.
(3) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Treebine Stem of step (2) gained, add the Treebine Stem of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure respectively ceftriaxone sodium, amoxycilline Trihydrate bp, amikacin, doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin and norfloxicin and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) according to the subinhibitory concentration of the Treebine Stem of step (2) gained, add the Treebine Stem of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding various Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the various Western medicine that add same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of various Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration Treebine Stem and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe and record the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Continued according to this to be passaged to the tenth generation, perhaps until the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes is compared with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained diminishes more than 4 times.
The selection result records as shown in the table:
Subinhibitory concentration Treebine Stem substratum goes down to posterity and causes the variation (ug/ml) of producing ESBLs intestinal bacteria Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration
Result shows through after containing subinhibitory concentration Treebine Stem substratum and going down to posterity, and above-mentioned Western medicine changes not quite to producing the colibacillary minimal inhibitory concentration of ESBLs, can be judged as Treebine Stem and not have the drug resistance inversion effect to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria.
Claims (2)
1. one kind produces the sex Chinese medicine screening method of resistance to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) coli strain that resistance is produced ESBLs separates, and identifies, and saves backup;
(2) on first 96 orifice plate, adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution, measure respectively Western medicine and with plan screening Chinese medicine, the resistance that step (1) obtains is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs, thereby draw the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine and the subinhibitory concentration that plan is screened Chinese medicine;
(3) screen the subinhibitory concentration of Chinese medicine according to the plan of step (2) gained, add the plan screening Chinese medicine of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in second batch 96 orifice plates, again adopt the microtest tube doubling dilution on second batch 96 orifice plates, measure Western medicine and resistance is produced the minimal inhibitory concentration of the coli strain of ESBLs;
(4) screen the subinhibitory concentration of Chinese medicine according to the plan of step (2) gained, add the plan screening Chinese medicine of subinhibitory concentration in substratum after, this substratum is added in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates; The corresponding Western medicine concentration in hole according to all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates in step (3), the Western medicine that adds same concentration in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates, adopt again the continuous passage method, bacterium on the hole of all long bacterium on second batch 96 orifice plates is reached in the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, the minimal inhibitory concentration of observation Western medicine after cultivation 16h;
(5) according to the described continuous passage method of step (4), bacterium on the hole of all length bacterium on the 3rd batch of 96 orifice plates is reached in the 4th batch of 96 orifice plates that are added with same subinhibitory concentration plan screening Chinese medicine and same concentration Western medicine go down to posterity, observe the minimal inhibitory concentration of Western medicine after cultivation 16h; Go down to posterity according to this, until comparing with the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration of step (3) gained, the Western medicine minimal inhibitory concentration that observes diminishes more than 4 times, the coli strain that i.e. judgement plan screening Chinese medicine produces ESBLs to resistance has the drug resistance inversion effect, namely intends screening Chinese medicine and Western medicine interaction in vitro and has restraining effect preferably in the coli strain of resistance product ESBLs.
2. according to claim 1ly produce the sex Chinese medicine screening method of resistance to producing the ESBLs intestinal bacteria, it is characterized in that, the described passage number that goes down to posterity was no more than for 10 generations.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103933109A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 广西大学 | Method for treating animal escherichia coli infected diseases |
| CN104027368A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-09-10 | 广西南宁市桃源兽药厂 | Plumbago zeylanica and doxycycline containing compound composition for livestock and poultry |
| CN104825524A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-08-12 | 广西大学 | Composition containing herba epimedii for livestock and poultry and preparation method thereof |
| CN105727254A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-07-06 | 广西大学 | Livestock and poultry compound medicine prepared from garden balsam stems and colistin |
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2013
- 2013-03-18 CN CN201310086292.0A patent/CN103146802B/en active Active
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| EMINE KUCUKATES: "Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria isolated from intensive care units in a cardiology institute in istanbul,trukey", 《JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104027368A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-09-10 | 广西南宁市桃源兽药厂 | Plumbago zeylanica and doxycycline containing compound composition for livestock and poultry |
| CN103933109A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 广西大学 | Method for treating animal escherichia coli infected diseases |
| CN105727254A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-07-06 | 广西大学 | Livestock and poultry compound medicine prepared from garden balsam stems and colistin |
| CN104825524A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-08-12 | 广西大学 | Composition containing herba epimedii for livestock and poultry and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103146802B (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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