CN103130389B - 紫外线和双氧水联合去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种紫外线和双氧水联合去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法,先将每升污泥含有10-3-10毫克内分泌干扰物的待处理污泥的pH值调整为1-7,再加入双氧水,双氧水的投加量为每升待处理污泥投加0.01-5摩尔双氧水,搅拌均匀,再用辐射波长为253.7纳米的紫外灯进行紫外线照射,照射强度为0.05-0.08毫瓦每平方厘米,1-20分钟后,检测污泥中内分泌干扰物,其去除率为60~90%。本发明工艺简单易行,反应条件温和,处理时间短,对内分泌干扰物的降解率高,无二次污染,有利于污泥的资源化利用,工业化应用前景大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫外线和双氧水联合去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法。该方法能快速高效地去除污泥中的内分泌干扰物,减少含内分泌干扰物的污泥的环境危害,有利于污泥后续的资源化利用。
背景技术
内分泌干扰物是指一类外源性化合物,自然环境中的内分泌干扰物的名单很长,包括天然雌激素和合成雌激素、植物或者菌类雌激素、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的代谢物、有机氯农药、双酚A、多氯联苯、邻苯二甲酸盐和有机锡等化合物。这类化合物进入机体后,会干扰体内正常分泌物质的合成、释放、运转、代谢、结合等过程,激活或者抑制内分泌系统功能,破坏内分泌系统中维持机体稳定性和调控作用的物质,干扰人类或动物内分泌系统诸多环节,进而导致异常效应。
随着世界经济的一体化发展,环境内分泌干扰物通过食物、水、大气和土壤等环境介质与包括人类在内的环境生物体系全方位地接触,成为本世纪初急需治理的“第三代污染”,其对生态环境和人类健康与生存可能带来潜在的危害。环境内分泌在自然界中较为普遍,危害也较大,即使在极低浓度下(纳克每升)也会对生物产生很大的影响,导致生物与人体性激素分泌量及活性下降、精子数量减少、生殖器官异常,并使生殖能力降低,后代的健康与成活率下降、各种癌症的发病率增加、一些动物雌性化现象严重,其次还会导致一些神经毒性和免疫毒性。环境内分泌干扰物的存在及其对人和动物的危害性都已得到不同程度的证实,环境内分泌干扰物对人类及动物内分泌系统的影响也越来越受到全世界的关注,成为国际研究的热点。因此内分泌干扰物的环境行为及降解研究对可持续发展战略具有很重要的意义。
由于在污水介质中检测内分泌干扰物相对污泥介质而言比较简单,因此关于污水中内分泌干扰物的去除研究发展较快。研究表明,由于微生物降解内分泌干扰物的效果是因内分泌干扰物的种类而异,部分内分泌干扰物具有难生物降解的特性,且对微生物具有一定的选择性,一般很难找到一种对所有的内分泌干扰物都有效的微生物菌种。对于那些从与内分泌干扰物相关的化工厂排放出来的污水或污泥,其中的内分泌干扰物及中间产物浓度大,很难直接用生物降解的方法进行处理。目前污水中内分泌干扰物的降解方法主要有光降解、臭氧氧化、芬顿氧化等高级氧化方法。
有一些内分泌干扰物具有很强的疏水性,它们进入城市污水处理系统后易吸附在污泥上,不能被有效去除。污水处理厂排出的剩余污泥或工业污泥成为环境中内分泌干扰物的一大来源。但不同于污水的是污泥成分复杂,会对其中内分泌干扰物的分析检测造成干扰,因此污泥中内分泌干扰物的去除研究进展缓慢。目前有关内分泌干扰物在污泥中的研究仅局限于碱稳定化、污泥好氧及厌氧消化、堆肥化等少数几个污泥处理过程,并且已有的研究表明,污泥碱稳定化、厌氧消化、离心脱水、冷冻解冻、氯化铁调理、石灰调理、聚合物调理等方法都不能对内分泌干扰物的固化和去除产生积极影响,甚至还会导致内分泌干扰物的环境迁移性及持久性增强。
己进行的少量关于污泥预处理对内分泌干扰物去除的研究表明,臭氧预处理提高了对污泥厌氧消化过程中多环芳烃生物降解性的作用;臭氧预处理可有效去除污泥上的雌激素、壬基酚和双酚A;碱解法、热解法和臭氧预处理对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程中药物和个人卫生用品和雌激素的去除作用较小,而臭氧预处理对于某些药物的去除只有促进作用。因此从去除内分泌干扰物的角度出发,化学高级氧化是一种可取的污泥预处理技术。但没有研究考察紫外/双氧水联用技术对污泥中内分泌干扰物的去除。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工艺简单易行,反应温和,处理时间短,对内分泌干扰物的降解率高,无二次污染以及工业化应用前景大的去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:先检测待处理污泥中内分泌干扰物的含量,当每升待处理污泥中内分泌干扰物的含量为10-3-10毫克质量浓度时,将含内分泌干扰物的待处理污泥的pH值调整为1-7,然后向待处理污泥中投加双氧水,双氧水的投加量为每升待处理污泥投加0.01-5摩尔双氧水,再将紫外灯辐射波长选定为253.7纳米,照射强度为0.05-0.08毫瓦每平方厘米,照射时间为1-20分钟,最后检测污泥中的内分泌干扰物含量发现,污泥中的内分泌干扰物去除率为60-90%。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明是向含有内分泌干扰物的污泥中投加双氧水,反应温度不限,适用污泥的初始pH值为1-7,污泥中内分泌干扰物的浓度范围为10-3-10毫克每升,常温常压下投加双氧水,辅以紫外照射即可,因此具有适用范围广,反应条件简单易行。
2、与单独的紫外照射或只投加双氧水就可产生羟基自由基等强氧化剂相比,本发明两者联用,紫外照射可促进双氧水更快更多的产生羟基自由基,提高氧化效果,该法处理含内分泌干扰物的污泥可以达到95%以上的去除率。
3、本发明所用的双氧水便宜易得,而且处理过程简便易行,所需时间短,建设费用低,具有处理成本低,时间短,相比于其他强氧化剂如臭氧,应用前景更好。
4、环境友好。本发明所述的利用紫外双氧水联用技术氧化去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法中,双氧水及紫外光在所用的浓度范围内对环境不会造成二次污染,是公认的绿色氧化剂。处理后的污泥基本不含有害有机物,有利于污泥的资源化利用。
5、适用目标物范围广。本发明适用于含如下内分泌干扰物的污泥:Estrone(雌酮);17β-Estradiol(雌二醇);17α-Ethinyl Estradiol(乙炔雌二醇);Estriol(雌三醇);Bisphenol A(双酚A);Nonyl Phenol(壬基酚),结构式依次如下:
附图说明
图1为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中雌酮的去除率
图2为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中雌二醇的去除率
图3为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中乙炔雌二醇的去除率
图4为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中雌三醇的去除率
图5为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中双酚A的去除率
图6为实施例1的pH为3、5、7的污泥中壬基酚的去除率
图7为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中雌酮的去除率
图8为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中雌二醇的去除率
图9为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中乙炔雌二醇的去除率
图10为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中雌三醇的去除率
图11为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中双酚A的去除率
图12为实施例2的投加不同量双氧水时污泥中壬基酚的去除率。
具体实施方式
下面通过实例对本发明给予进一步的说明,当然,本发明不仅限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
采用紫外线/双氧水联用技术氧化去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法,首先污水厂实际污泥取回后用固相萃取法预处理,再用高效液相色谱法检测初始的污泥中六种内分泌干扰物(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、乙炔雌二醇、壬基酚、双酚A)的含量,再将初始污泥分装为六份,在六份初始污泥中单独分别投加这六种内分泌干扰物,使每份污泥中相应内分泌干扰物的含量均达到每升污泥含1毫克。调节每份污泥初始pH值为3、5、7,加入双氧水0.5摩尔每升污泥,搅拌均匀,在辐射波长为253.7纳米,照射强度为0.069毫瓦每平方厘米的紫外灯下照射,每份污泥中相应的代表性内分泌干扰物的去除率见图1-6。内分泌干扰物的去除率随pH值的增大而减小,用固相萃取法预处理,再用高效液相色谱法检测污泥中内分泌干扰物的含量发现:反应40分钟后,在pH为3,5,7的条件下,雌三醇、雌二醇、乙炔雌二醇、双酚A、雌酮的去除率均达到80%以上(见图1-5),壬基酚的去除率达到60%以上(见图6)。
实施例2
按照上述实施例1的操作步骤,每升污泥投加0.01、0.05、0.2、0.5摩尔的双氧水,搅拌均匀,在辐射波长为253.7纳米,照射强度为0.069毫瓦每平方厘米的紫外灯下照射,处理初始pH为7的每升污泥含1毫克内分泌干扰物的污泥,反应60分钟后,检测每份污泥中相应的代表性内分泌干扰物(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、乙炔雌二醇、壬基酚、双酚A)的含量。每份污泥中相应的代表性内分泌干扰物的去除率见图7-12。内分泌干扰物的去除率随双氧水投加量的增多而增大,在双氧水投加量为0.5摩尔每升时,经过10分钟的氧化处理,雌酮、雌二醇、乙炔雌二醇、雌三醇、双酚A的去除率均达到90%以上(见图7-11),壬基酚的去除率达到80%以上(见图12)。
Claims (1)
1.一种紫外线和双氧水联合去除污泥中内分泌干扰物的方法,其特征在于:先检测待处理污泥中内分泌干扰物的含量,当每升待处理污泥中内分泌干扰物的含量为10-3-10毫克质量浓度时,将待处理污泥的pH值调整为1-7,然后向待处理污泥中投加双氧水,双氧水的投加量为每升待处理污泥投加0.01-5摩尔双氧水,再将紫外灯辐射波长选定为253.7纳米,照射强度为0.05-0.08毫瓦每平方厘米,照射时间为1-20分钟,最后检测污泥中的内分泌干扰物含量,污泥中的内分泌干扰物去除率为60-90%;
上述污泥中的内分泌干扰物是雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、乙炔雌二醇、壬基酚、双酚A。
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