CN103123961A - Water-based lithium-air battery - Google Patents
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- CN103123961A CN103123961A CN2011103699993A CN201110369999A CN103123961A CN 103123961 A CN103123961 A CN 103123961A CN 2011103699993 A CN2011103699993 A CN 2011103699993A CN 201110369999 A CN201110369999 A CN 201110369999A CN 103123961 A CN103123961 A CN 103123961A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-based lithium-air battery. The water-based lithium-air battery comprises an air anode layer, a composite cathode layer and a water-based electrolyte layer, wherein the air anode layer comprises an air diffusion layer and an air electrode layer, the air diffusion layer is positioned on the outer side of the air anode layer, the composite cathode layer comprises a hydrophobic protective layer and a lithium electrode layer, the hydrophobic protective layer is arranged opposite to the air electrode layer, and the water-based electrolyte layer is aqueous solution clamped between the air electrode layer of the air anode layer and the hydrophobic protective layer of the composite cathode layer. The solid electrolyte layer and the hydrophobic protective layer are added on the surface of the lithium electrode layer, the two layers of protective films have good chemical stability and mechanical property so as to effectively protect metallic lithium, and the water-based lithium-air battery consisting of the two layers of protective films has good electrochemical performance and excellent safety performance, thus being suitable for generalization and use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electrochemistry, more specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of aqueous systems lithium-air battery.
Background technology
Along with the development of economy, the fossil fuel take oil as representative is day by day exhausted, and chemical power source is being played the part of more and more important role in human society life, and particularly the chemical cell demand to high-energy-density is day by day strong.On the one hand, electric automobile is very high to the energy density requirement of electrokinetic cell, comprises that at present the secondary cell of lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery etc. all can not satisfy the continual mileage requirement of electric automobile fully.On the other hand, mobile consumer electronics product, as more and more higher to its chemical power source used requirement in notebook computer, 3G mobile and digital camera etc., existing chemical cell system energy storage density is not enough, is difficult to satisfy development need.
The appearance of lithium-air battery is expected to break through the technical bottleneck of chemical power source, satisfies the long-time need for electricity of following electric automobile and electronic product.As a kind of brand-new metal-air cell, its theoretical energy density is 5200Wh/kg, in actual applications, oxygen is provided by external environment, therefore, and after removing the quality of oxygen, the energy density of lithium-air battery reaches 11140Wh/kg, exceeds an existing battery system 1-2 order of magnitude.Huge energy density has determined its application prospect in the high-energy-density field, gets most of the attention as the high-capacity secondary battery that surmounts the lithium ion battery that present stage is widely used at present.
The research of lithium-air battery is at the early-stage, and relevant report seldom.K.M.Abraham has reported lithium-air battery first in 1996, has introduced take gelatin polymer as electrolytical lithium-air battery.J.Read has done a large amount of work at aspects such as lithium-air battery discharge mechanism, electrode material, electrolyte composition, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen solvabilities subsequently.P.GBruce has made major contribution in the research of lithium-air battery charging mechanism, this studies show that battery has the property of charging and discharging when discharging product is lithium peroxide.Japanese industries Technical Integration Studies in 2009 have been reported the new structure lithium-air battery of their research, use organic electrolyte at negative pole, use aqueous electrolyte at positive pole, the barrier film that only has lithium ion to pass is set between two kinds of electrolyte, when discharging with the discharge rate of 0.1A/g in air, but continuous discharge 20 days, discharge capacity is about 50Ah/g.
The technical difficulty of lithium-air battery is larger at present, and it is used and still is faced with huge challenge.Wherein mainly contain two kinds of systems of aqueous systems and non-aqueous system aspect electrolyte.The lithium-air battery structure of non-aqueous system electrolyte is more single, and its subject matter is discharging product Li
2O
2Separate out the obstruction that causes air loop, discharge can't be proceeded, and is directly connected to the discharge capacity of battery.While Li
2O
2To separate out when causing charging overvoltage larger, this not only is related to the conversion efficiency of energy, also can cause the oxidation of carrier charcoal.And the lithium-air battery discharging product of aqueous systems is LiOH, have water-soluble characteristic, can not pile up at the air electrode place, what be conducive to discharge carries out smoothly, but violent reaction can occur in lithium metal and water, thereby has affected the useful life of aqueous systems lithium-air battery.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to one of solve the problems of the technologies described above at least.For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of aqueous systems lithium-air battery, this aqueous systems lithium-air battery has one of following advantages at least: safe, chemical stability good, mechanical performance and chemical property good.
Aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises: anodal layer of air, the anodal layer of described air comprise that air diffusion layer and air electrode layer, described air diffusion layer are positioned at outside the anodal layer of air; The composite negative pole layer, described composite negative pole layer comprises protective layer and lithium electrode layer, and described protective layer and described air electrode layer are oppositely arranged; With the water system dielectric substrate, described water system dielectric substrate is the aqueous solution that is clipped between the hydrophobic protective layer of the air electrode layer of the anodal layer of described air and described composite negative pole layer.
According to the aqueous systems lithium-air battery of the embodiment of the present invention, because described lithium electrode layer surface is provided with layer protective layer, protective layer can stop water and the CO in solution
2Enter into lithium electrode, only have lithium ion can be smoothly by to guarantee its conductivity, this diaphragm has good chemical stability and mechanical performance, makes lithium metal obtain effective protection.
In addition, a kind of aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characterictic:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described protective layer comprises hydrophobic layer and solid electrolyte layer, and wherein said solid electrolyte layer is between described lithium electrode layer and described hydrophobic layer.Lithium electrode according to one embodiment of present invention, described solid electrolyte layer is by general formula Li
aPO
bN
cT
dThe nitrogenize lithium phosphate of represented containing transition metal element consists of, wherein, T represents to be selected from least a kind of transition metal of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au, 2.6≤a≤3.0,3.0≤b≤4.0,0.1≤c≤0.6,0.01≤d≤0.50.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described protective layer is by the high-lithium ion conductivity ceramic material Li with NASICON type crystalline texture
1+x+yAl
xM
2-xSi
yP
3-yO
12Consist of, wherein M represents one or more in Ti, Ge or Zr, 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.5.
According to one embodiment of present invention, include ptfe porous membrane and porous metals aluminium foil in described air diffusion layer.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described air electrode layer is formed by the composite material that contains carbon support material and oxygen catalyst.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described carbon support material is to be selected from one or more in porous activated carbon, hollow carbon sphere, ordered mesopore carbon, carbon nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon nanohorn, Graphene.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described oxygen catalyst is for being selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, plation nano particle, platinum cobalt alloy nano particle, platinum evanohm nano particle, platinum-nickel alloy nano particle, α-MnO
2Nano particle, β-MnO
2Nano particle, γ-MnO
2One or more in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, ternary metal nitride.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the tenor in wherein said oxygen catalyst is less than 5% of the anodal layer of described air gross mass.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described water system dielectric substrate is the aqueous solution of acid, neutral or alkaline lithium compound.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described lithium compound is LiCl, LiBr, LiNO
3, CH
3COOLi, LiOH, Li
2SO
4, LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4In one or more.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet according to the method for preparing the aqueous systems lithium-air battery of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of aqueous systems lithium-air battery structural representation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, only be used for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
in description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " vertically ", " laterally ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " outward " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only are used for describing purpose, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance.
In description of the invention, need to prove, unless clear and definite regulation and restriction are separately arranged, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be done broad understanding, for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, connect integratedly, can be also to removably connect; Can be mechanical connection or electrical connection, can be also the connection of two element internals; Can be directly to be connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
At first, the flow process of the method for preparing the aqueous systems lithium-air battery involved in the present invention is described with reference to figure 1.
Concrete, the method for the aqueous systems lithium-air battery of the preparation embodiment of the present invention involved in the present invention comprises the following steps:
The first, the anodal layer of preparation air;
The second, preparation composite negative pole layer wherein prepares the composite negative pole layer and is included on the lithium electrode layer protective layer is set;
Then in inert atmosphere, successively the anodal layer of described composite negative pole layer, water system dielectric substrate and described air is assembled into the aqueous systems lithium-air battery.
Protective layer is set on the lithium electrode layer can specifically be comprised the following steps:
A-1) on the lithium electrode layer, solid electrolyte layer is set.
Described solid electrolyte layer does not have special restriction, can be for example the dielectric substrate that contains lithium.
Advantageously, contain general formula Li in described solid electrolyte layer
aPO
bN
cT
dThe nitrogenize lithium phosphate of the containing transition metal element of expression, wherein, 2.6≤a≤3.0,3.0≤b≤4.0,0.1≤c≤0.6,0.01≤d≤0.50.
Further advantageously, described T is at least a kind of transition metal that is selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au.Use contains the solid electrolyte of above-mentioned transition metal, when reacting with moisture, reproducibility is more held labile transition metal higher than phosphorus atoms (P) and valence mumber and preferentially is reduced, like this, just the phosphorus atoms in the nitrogenize lithium phosphate can be remained on+state of 5 valencys, its skeleton structure can be not destroyed, and ionic conductance can not descend.
Its concrete operations can for: in nitrogen atmosphere, adopt magnetron sputtering method, at surface (for example, referring to the platinum current collector layer that is positioned at lithium electrode surface in some concrete examples) the sputter simultaneously Li to the lithium electrode layer
3PO
4Target and transition metal target, wherein, described transition metal is at least a kind of transition metal that is selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au.Thus, can arrange on the lithium electrode layer and can suppress entering of moisture, strengthen simultaneously the conductivity of composite negative pole, and accelerate the solid electrolyte layer of lithium ion transmission speed;
A-2) hydrophobic layer is set on solid electrolyte layer.
Described hydrophobic protective layer does not have special restriction, as long as have the high-lithium ion conductivity when having hydrophobic performance.
For example, can be for containing the high-lithium ion conductivity ceramic material Li with NASICON type crystalline texture
1+x+yAl
xM
2-xSi
yP
3-yO
12, wherein M is one or more in Ti, Ge or Zr, 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.5.
Its concrete operations can for:
A-2-1) with tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, Al
2O
3, MO
2, NH
4H
2PO
4, Li
2CO
3Therein and add binding agent, obtain the premix ceramic size, wherein MO after mixing
2Expression TiO
2, GeO
2Or ZrO
2In one or more.
Wherein, described binding agent does not have concrete restriction, for example can be the PEO binding agent.Its content can be the 1-5wt% of described premix ceramic size total amount.
A-2-2) next, under forcing press, the premix ceramic size for preparing is pressed on solid electrolyte layer to form ceramic body.
A-2-3) then, in nitrogen atmosphere, ceramic body is kept at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ 5-15 hour.Thus, just can form one deck on solid electrolyte layer and can stop water and CO in solution
2Enter into the lithium electrode layer, only have lithium ion can be smoothly by to guarantee the hydrophobic protective layer of its conductivity.
The anodal layer of preparation air can comprise:
B-1) air diffusion layer that is made of ptfe porous membrane is set on the porous aluminum foil substrate.
Formation method about air diffusion layer does not have special restriction, for example can adopt following steps:
B-1-1) described porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned with acetone, after this clean 3-5 time and oven dry with distilled water;
B-1-2) on through the described porous aluminum foil substrate of cleaning, described ptfe porous membrane is set.
Wherein, the porous aluminium foil namely can be worked as just collecting collector, and the while also can be used as air diffusion layer and plays a role.
B-2) air electrode layer that is made of composite material is set on air diffusion layer, contains carbon carrier and oxygen catalyst in described composite material.
Wherein, described carbon support material can be for being selected from one or more of porous activated carbon, hollow carbon sphere, ordered mesopore carbon, carbon nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon nanohorn, Graphene.
Described oxygen catalyst material can be for being selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, plation nano particle, platinum cobalt alloy nano particle, platinum evanohm nano particle, platinum-nickel alloy nano particle, α-MnO
2Nano particle, β-MnO
2Nano particle, γ-MnO
2One or more in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, ternary metal nitride.
Wherein, the content of the noble metal in described oxygen catalyst is less than 5% of the anodal layer of described air gross mass.Thus, when guaranteeing good catalytic activity, remove or reduce noble metal platinum or golden consumption in oxygen electrode from.
Formation method about air electrode layer does not have special restriction, for example can comprise the steps:
B-2-1) described composite material and binding agent are mixed as TDS with ethene cyanogen, obtain mixed slurry; With
B-2-2) described mixed slurry is coated in top and the oven dry of described ptfe porous membrane, described painting method comprises spin-coating method or spray-on process.
Thus, just can complete the preparation of the anodal layer of air.
In inert atmosphere, successively the anodal layer of composite negative pole layer, water system dielectric substrate and air is assembled into the aqueous systems lithium-air battery at last, just can makes the aqueous systems lithium-air battery with good chemical stability and mechanical performance.
Below, the aqueous systems lithium-air battery that is made by said method is described in conjunction with Fig. 2
As shown in Figure 2, the aqueous systems lithium-air battery that is made by said method comprises air electrode layer, composite negative pole layer and water system dielectric substrate.Wherein, the composite negative pole layer comprises lithium electrode layer 6 and protective layer.Because described lithium electrode layer surface is provided with layer protective layer, protective layer can stop water and the CO in solution
2Enter into lithium electrode, only have lithium ion can be smoothly by to guarantee its conductivity, this diaphragm has good chemical stability and mechanical performance, makes lithium metal obtain effective protection.
Wherein, the anodal layer of air can comprise again air diffusion layer 1 and air electrode layer 2.
Protective layer can comprise again hydrophobic protective layer 4 and solid electrolyte layer 5 lithium electrodes.
In one example, include ptfe porous membrane and porous metals aluminium foil in described air diffusion layer 1, described porous metals aluminium foil is simultaneously also as plus plate current-collecting body.
In one example, described air electrode layer 2 is formed by the composite material that contains carbon support material and oxygen catalyst.Described carbon support material is to be selected from one or more in porous activated carbon, hollow carbon sphere, ordered mesopore carbon, carbon nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon nanohorn, Graphene.Described oxygen catalyst is for being selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, plation nano particle, platinum cobalt alloy nano particle, platinum evanohm nano particle, platinum-nickel alloy nano particle, α-MnO
2Nano particle, β-MnO
2Nano particle, γ-MnO
2One or more in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, ternary metal nitride.
In one example, the bullion content in described oxygen catalyst is less than 5% of the anodal layer of described air gross mass.Thus, can reduce the cost that uses material in the situation that do not affect the conductivity of the anodal layer of air.
In one example, described water system dielectric substrate 3 is the aqueous solution of acid, neutral or alkaline lithium compound, and described lithium compound is LiCl, LiBr, LiNO
3, CH
3COOLi, LiOH, Li
2SO
4, LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4In one or more, the water system dielectric substrate 3 that contains lithium salts can guarantee the transmission of lithium ion, guarantees carrying out smoothly of cell electrochemical reaction.
In one example, described hydrophobic protective layer 4 is by the high-lithium ion conductivity ceramic material Li with NASICON type crystalline texture
1+x+yAl
xM
2-xSi
yP
3-yO
12Consist of, wherein M represents one or more in Ti, Ge or Zr, 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.5.
In one example, described solid electrolyte layer 5 is by general formula Li
aPO
bN
cT
dThe nitrogenize lithium phosphate of represented containing transition metal element consists of, wherein, T represents to be selected from least a kind of transition metal of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au, 2.6≤a≤3.0,3.0≤b≤4.0,0.1≤c≤0.6,0.01≤d≤0.50.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described.
Embodiment 1
In nitrogen atmosphere, adopt magnetron sputtering method, to being positioned at the platinum current collector layer lithium electrode radio frequency sputtering simultaneously Li on lithium electrode layer surface
3PO
4Target and metal titanium targets are controlled sputter rate, make sedimentation products chemical formula Li
2.8PO
3.45N
0.3Ti
0.2, obtain solid electrolyte layer.
With tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, Al
2O
3, TiO
2, NH
4H
2PO
4, Li
2CO
3According to mol ratio 4: 3: 34: after mixing at 56: 15, add the bond of 5wt%, obtain the premix ceramic size, under forcing press, the premix ceramic size for preparing is pressed on solid electrolyte layer to form ceramic body.Then in nitrogen atmosphere, ceramic body was kept 15 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃, obtain hydrophobic layer ceramic body Li
1.5Al
0.3Ti
1.7Si
0.2P
2.8O
12
The porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned with acetone, then clean 3 times with distilled water, oven dry; Then add one deck ptfe porous membrane on through the porous aluminum foil substrate of cleaning, make air diffusion layer.
As TDS, will contain porous activated carbon and α-MnO with ethene cyanogen
2The composite material of nano particle is to mix at 95: 5 according to mass ratio, then adds the PEO binding agent of 5% quality, obtains mixed slurry; Adopt spin-coating method mixed slurry to be coated in top and the oven dry of ptfe porous membrane, make air electrode layer.
At last in inert atmosphere, take the LiCl aqueous solution of 1mol/L as the water system dielectric substrate, with the anodal layer of air, the structure assembled battery of accompanying drawing 1 to specifications of composite negative pole layer.
In nitrogen atmosphere, adopt magnetron sputtering method, to being positioned at the platinum current collector layer lithium electricity radio frequency sputtering simultaneously Li on lithium electrode layer surface
3PO
4Target and metal titanium targets are controlled sputter rate, make sedimentation products chemical formula Li
2.8PO
3.45N
0.3Ti
0.2, obtain solid electrolyte layer.
With tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, NH
4H
2PO
4, Li
2CO
3According to mol ratio 4: 3: 34: after mixing at 56: 15, add the bond of 5wt%, obtain the premix ceramic size, under forcing press, the premix ceramic size for preparing is pressed on solid electrolyte layer to form ceramic body.Then in nitrogen atmosphere, ceramic body was kept 15 hours at the temperature of 700 ℃, obtain hydrophobic protective layer ceramic body Li
1.5Al
0.3Zr
1.7Si
0.2P
2.8O
12
The porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned with acetone, then clean 3 times with distilled water, oven dry; Then add one deck ptfe porous membrane on through the porous aluminum foil substrate of cleaning, make air diffusion layer.
As TDS, the composite material that will contain carbon nano-tube and Pt nanoparticle is to mix at 97: 3 according to mass ratio, then adds the PEO binding agent of 5% quality, obtains mixed slurry with ethene cyanogen; Adopt spin-coating method mixed slurry to be coated in top and the oven dry of ptfe porous membrane, make air electrode layer.
At last in inert atmosphere, with the LiNO of 1mol/L
3The aqueous solution is the water system dielectric substrate, with the anodal layer of air, the structure assembled battery of accompanying drawing 1 to specifications of composite negative pole layer.
In nitrogen atmosphere, adopt magnetron sputtering method, to being positioned at the platinum current collector layer radio frequency sputtering simultaneously Li on lithium electrode layer surface
3PO
4Target and metal zirconium target are controlled sputter rate, make sedimentation products chemical formula Li
2.8PO
3.45N
0.3Zr
0.2, obtain solid electrolyte layer.
With tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, Al
2O
3, TiO
2, NH
4H
2PO
4, Li
2CO
3According to mol ratio 4: 3: 34: after mixing at 56: 15, add the bond of 5wt%, obtain the premix ceramic size, under forcing press, the premix ceramic size for preparing is pressed on solid electrolyte layer 5 to form ceramic body.Then in nitrogen atmosphere, ceramic body was kept 15 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃, obtain hydrophobic protective layer ceramic body Li
1.5Al
0.3Ti
1.7Si
0.2P
2.8O
12
The porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned with acetone, then clean 5 times with distilled water, oven dry; Then add one deck ptfe porous membrane on through the porous aluminum foil substrate of cleaning, make air diffusion layer.
As TDS, will contain carbon nano-tube and α-MnO with ethene cyanogen
2The composite material of nano particle is to mix at 95: 5 according to mass ratio, then adds the PEO binding agent of 5% quality, obtains mixed slurry; Adopt spin-coating method mixed slurry to be coated in top and the oven dry of ptfe porous membrane, make air electrode layer.
At last in inert atmosphere, with the LiPF of 1mol/L
6The aqueous solution is the water system dielectric substrate, with the anodal layer of air, the structure assembled battery of accompanying drawing 1 to specifications of composite negative pole layer.
In nitrogen atmosphere, adopt magnetron sputtering method, to being positioned at the platinum current collector layer radio frequency sputtering simultaneously Li on lithium electrode layer surface
3PO
4Target and metallic nickel target are controlled sputter rate, make sedimentation products chemical formula Li
2.8PO
3.45N
0.3Ni
0.2, obtain solid electrolyte layer.
With tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS, Al
2O
3, GeO
2, NH
4H
2PO
4, Li
2CO
3According to mol ratio 4: 3: 34: after mixing at 56: 15, add the bond of 5wt%, obtain the premix ceramic size, under forcing press, the premix ceramic size for preparing is pressed on solid electrolyte layer to form ceramic body.Then in nitrogen atmosphere, ceramic body was kept 10 hours at the temperature of 700 ℃, obtain hydrophobic protective layer ceramic body Li
1.5Al
0.3Ge
1.7Si
0.2P
2.8O
12
The porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned with acetone, then clean 5 times with distilled water, oven dry; Then add one deck ptfe porous membrane on through the porous aluminum foil substrate of cleaning, make air diffusion layer.
As TDS, the composite material that will contain hollow carbon sphere and gold nano grain is to mix at 98: 2 according to mass ratio, then adds the PEO binding agent of 5% quality, obtains mixed slurry with ethene cyanogen; Adopt spin-coating method mixed slurry to be coated in top and the oven dry of ptfe porous membrane, make air electrode layer.
At last in inert atmosphere, with the CH of 1mol/L
3The COOLi aqueous solution is water system dielectric substrate 3, with the anodal layer of air, the structure assembled battery of accompanying drawing 1 to specifications of composite negative pole layer.
According to embodiments of the invention, solid electrolyte layer and hydrophobic layer have been added on lithium electrode layer surface.Hydrophobic layer can stop water and the CO in solution
2Enter into the lithium electrode layer, only have lithium ion can be smoothly by to guarantee its conductivity.Solid electrolyte layer can further suppress entering of moisture, strengthens simultaneously the conductivity of composite negative pole layer, accelerates the transmission of lithium ion.This double shielding film has good chemical stability and mechanical performance; make lithium metal obtain effective protection; the lithium-air battery of the aqueous systems that is comprised of this double shielding film not only has extraordinary chemical property, also has good security performance, is fit to promote the use of.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: in the situation that do not break away from principle of the present invention and aim can be carried out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (11)
1. an aqueous systems lithium-air battery, is characterized in that, comprising:
Anodal layer of air, the anodal layer of described air comprise that air diffusion layer and air electrode layer, described air diffusion layer are positioned at outside the anodal layer of air;
The composite negative pole layer, described composite negative pole layer comprises protective layer and lithium electrode layer, and described protective layer and described air electrode layer are oppositely arranged; With
Water system dielectric substrate, described water system dielectric substrate are the aqueous solution that is clipped between the hydrophobic protective layer of the air electrode layer of the anodal layer of described air and described composite negative pole layer.
2. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described protective layer comprises hydrophobic layer and solid electrolyte layer, and wherein said solid electrolyte layer is between described lithium electrode layer and described hydrophobic layer.
3. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described solid electrolyte layer is by general formula Li
aPO
bN
cT
dThe nitrogenize lithium phosphate of represented containing transition metal element consists of, wherein, T represents to be selected from least a kind of transition metal of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and Au, 2.6≤a≤3.0,3.0≤b≤4.0,0.1≤c≤0.6,0.01≤d≤0.50.
4. the described aqueous systems lithium-air battery of any one according to claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described hydrophobic layer is by the high-lithium ion conductivity ceramic material Li with NASICON type crystalline texture
1+x+yAl
xM
2-xSi
yP
3-yO
12Consist of, wherein M represents one or more in Ti, Ge or Zr, 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.5.
5. the described aqueous systems lithium-air battery of any one according to claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that, includes ptfe porous membrane and porous metals aluminium foil in described air diffusion layer.
6. the described aqueous systems lithium-air battery of any one according to claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described air electrode layer is formed by the composite material that contains carbon support material and oxygen catalyst.
7. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described carbon support material is to be selected from one or more in porous activated carbon, hollow carbon sphere, ordered mesopore carbon, carbon nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon nanohorn, Graphene.
8. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described oxygen catalyst is for being selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, plation nano particle, platinum cobalt alloy nano particle, platinum evanohm nano particle, platinum-nickel alloy nano particle, α-MnO
2Nano particle, β-MnO
2Nano particle, γ-MnO
2One or more in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, ternary metal nitride.
9. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the tenor in wherein said oxygen catalyst is less than 5% of the anodal layer of described air gross mass.
10. the described aqueous systems lithium-air battery of any one according to claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described water system dielectric substrate is the aqueous solution of acid, neutral or alkaline lithium compound.
11. aqueous systems lithium-air battery according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described lithium compound is LiCl, LiBr, LiNO
3, CH
3COOLi, LiOH, Li
2SO
4, LiPF
6, LiBF
4, LiClO
4In one or more.
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