CN103123862B - Improve the method for hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring performance and axial uniformity thereof - Google Patents
Improve the method for hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring performance and axial uniformity thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103123862B CN103123862B CN201110371635.9A CN201110371635A CN103123862B CN 103123862 B CN103123862 B CN 103123862B CN 201110371635 A CN201110371635 A CN 201110371635A CN 103123862 B CN103123862 B CN 103123862B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method improving hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring performance and axial uniformity thereof, step is: (1) utilizes heat pressing process to have the rapidly quenched magnetic powder of nanocrystalline structure or the hot pressing in vacuum induction hot press of HDDR magnetic is isotropic magnet; (2) this isotropic magnet is carried out thermal deformation by the mould cutting or change a series of different inner diameters, obtain the anisotropy nanocrystalline magnet of different predeformation amount; (3) the above-mentioned anisotropy nanocrystalline magnet through predeformation is prepared into radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp by back of the body expressing technique.By thermal deformation technique in advance, the blank preparing radially oriented magnetic ring is made just to have the degree of orientation to a certain degree and texture.In the process of the radially oriented ring of preparation, be conducive to radially oriented formation, thus under significantly not reducing coercitive situation, improve performance and the uniformity of radially oriented magnetic ring, preparing the ratio of briquetting improving magnet ring in magnet ring process greatly, can reduce the wastage, cost-saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of rare-earth permanent magnetic, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing predeformation technique to improve hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring performance and axial uniformity thereof.
Background technology
Radially oriented magnetic Nd-Fe-B ring obtains application on motor, such as voice coil motor, brushless electric machine etc.These magnets obtain mainly through two kinds of modes at present, and a kind of is traditional powder metallurgic method, and another is exactly hot-extrudable method.
Due to the plastic deformation ability that single-phase RE permanent magnetic material is at high temperature good, therefore prepare flawless, the nanocrystalline radially oriented ring of high radially oriented degree just becomes the important application direction of nanocrystalline rare-earth permanent magnetic material.The radially oriented ring of sintering permanent magnet obtains application in motor, and these sintered magnet major parts are all be attached to above motor with magnetic shoe or laminated structure.Although sinter overall magnet ring can prepare and be applied, due to the restriction of sintering magnet ring preparation technology itself, be therefore difficult to prepare high length-diameter ratio, the sintering magnet ring of thin-walled.Radial oriented anisotropy magnet ring prepared by back of the body expressing technique, owing to having less wall thickness, can prepare the magnet ring of complete high length-diameter ratio, therefore, it is possible to reduce the volume and weight of motor.Because the magnet ring prepared is an entirety, therefore stable and uniform magnetic field not only can be provided, and the preparation time in motor preparation process can be reduced, be compared to sintering magnet ring, there is obviously advantage.
In hot-extrudable process, magnet ring creates strong radial texture, the c-axis direction of flake crystalline along the radial direction of magnet ring, perpendicular to pressure direction.The anisotropy comparatively sintering magnet ring is compared, and has obviously advantage.But due to back of the body expressing technique itself, the magnet ring prepared has very strong inhomogeneities.Often remain the character of isotropism blank at the top of magnet ring, there is high-coercive force, the character of low remanent magnetism.Along with position moves down, texture gradually strong, finally forms the microstructure with the good degree of orientation in bottom.
The magnetic no matter utilizing HDDR method or quick quenching technique to prepare is to prepare radially oriented nanocrystalline permanent-magnetic clamp, and in the performance of acquisition, magnet ring top and bottom have very large performance difference.But there is work to show, utilize nanocrystalline magnetic to prepare flawless radially oriented ring and there is feasibility.The inhomogeneities of magnet ring not only shows upper and lower inconsistent, and what also show inside and outside ring is uneven.The people such as W.Grtinberger study discovery, by the mode of polishing, from the outer surface fritter that cuts of thinning magnet ring gradually, and test the magnetic property of different-thickness, find that remanent magnetization has brought up to 1.3T from 1.24T.Therefore in order to solve the problem of magnet ring inhomogeneities, researchers have carried out very large effort.The people such as H.T.Kim utilize CAPA (current applied pressure-assisted process) technique, expect the inhomogeneities changing magnet ring by changing heating means.In this research work, the magnetic property at magnet ring top still maintains the isotropism of hot-pressed magnets, along with position moves down, has engendered strong texture, but owing to being in for a long time in high temperature near the position of bottom, abnormal grain growth.The staff such as D.Hinz utilize isotropism magnet ring, and adopt heat to carry on the back the mode extruded and prepare the radially oriented magnet ring having prepared thin-walled, obtaining very excellent magnetic property with the height had good uniformity is the Nanocrystalline core of 30mm.
We know, in heat distortion magnet, the formation of texture is but very easy.Therefore, in hot pressing and back of the body extrusion, add the middle process of a predeformation, make to carry on the back hot pressing blank but anisotropic thermal deformation blank that the blank extruded is no longer isotropic.Reach the object improving magnet ring uniformity and magnet ring performance thus.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method improving hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring magnetic property and uniformity, by adding the middle process of a predeformation in hot pressing and back of the body extrusion, while raising magnet ring performance, improve magnet ring uniformity from the top to the bottom.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of method improving hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring magnetic property and uniformity, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) hot pressing: nanocrystalline magnetic is put into hot pressing die, hot pressing die is put into vacuum induction hot press and carry out hot pressing, in hot pressing, vacuum degree is higher than 9 × 10
-2pa, hot pressing temperature is at 500-850 DEG C, and room temperature is 5-10 minute to the highest temperature heating-up time, insulation 1-3 minute, and then in 20-30 minute, cool to room temperature, the demoulding obtains isotropic magnet;
2) predeformation: be suitable diameter by Linear cut by obtained isotropic magnet, put into the thermal deformation mould thermal deformation of different inner diameters, control heat distortion temperature at 500-850 DEG C, room temperature is 5-10 minute to the highest temperature heating-up time, and insulation 0.5-5 minute, then opens hydraulic system, slow applying pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity out of shape, and deformation time controls in 30-90 second, is incubated 10-30 second after predeformation completes.Then in 20-30 minute, cool to room temperature, the demoulding obtains the anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet of different distortion amount;
3) back of the body is extruded: finally the above-mentioned anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet through predeformation is prepared into radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp by back of the body expressing technique.
As preferably, described nanocrystalline magnetic is the one in rapidly quenched magnetic powder or HDDR magnetic.
As improvement, described step 1) hot pressing in, vacuum degree is higher than 9 × 10
-2pa.
Improve again, described step 2) predeformation deformation quantity between 20%-80%, in predeformation process, be evacuated down to 4 × 10 in advance
-2pa-8 × 10
-2pa, after pour Ar to 1-1.2 × 10
2pa is as the protection anti-oxidation of gas and as heat-conduction medium.
Further improvement, described step 3) the back of the body expressing technique process of preparing radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp be: by step 2) obtained anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet puts into magnet ring and prepares mould, control temperature is at 700-850 DEG C, room temperature is 5-10 minute to the highest temperature heating-up time, be incubated and open hydraulic system after 0.5-5 minute, slow applying pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity carried on the back extrude, preparing the magnet ring time is 1-3 minute, prepare rear insulation 10-30 second, then in 20-30 minute, cool to room temperature.Pressure 100-500Mpa, preferred 100-200Mpa.
Finally, described step 3) prepare in the process of magnet ring, be evacuated down to 4 × 10 in advance
-2pa-8 × 10
-2pa, after pour Ar to 1 × 10
2pa-1.2 × 10
2pa is as the anti-oxidation of protection gas.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: by thermal deformation technique in advance, make the blank preparing radially oriented magnetic ring be anisotropic thermal deformation blank, there is the degree of orientation to a certain degree and texture.In the process of the radially oriented ring of preparation, be conducive to radially oriented formation, thus under significantly not reducing coercitive situation, improve performance and the uniformity of radially oriented magnetic ring.By method of the present invention, can prepare the ratio of briquetting improving magnet ring in magnet ring process greatly, reduce the wastage, cost-saving, the application preparing radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring for hot pressing/thermal deformation is laid a solid foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the magnetic property of the magnet ring diverse location from top to bottom of predeformation 57%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Business MQU-F rapidly quenched magnetic powder 17g is adopted to put into the hot pressing die that internal diameter is 13mm.
Hot pressing die is put into vacuum induction hot press, and be evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2below Pa.
Treat that vacuum degree reaches 6 × 10
-2during Pa, open heating system, open hydraulic system simultaneously, the pressure acted on mould is adjusted to 200MPa, and be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 670 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time was 5 minutes, 670 DEG C of heat-insulation pressure keepings 1 minute.
After heat-insulation pressure keeping completes, close heating system and hydraulic system rapidly, pressure is transferred to minimum, and cools to room temperature in 30 minutes, the demoulding after mould is taken out.
The above-mentioned hot-pressed magnets prepared put into the mould that internal diameter is 19.5mm and mould is put into vacuum induction hot press, being evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2below Pa.
When vacuum degree reaches 6 × 10
-2after below Pa, pour Ar to 1 × 10
2pa is as protective gas and heat-conduction medium.
Open heating system, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 800 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time is 6 minutes, after temperature reaches 800 DEG C, is incubated 1 minute.
After being incubated, open hydraulic system, slow applying pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity out of shape, and deformation time controls at 60 seconds, after thermal deformation completes, slowly pressure is adjusted to 5MPa, to ensure that the pressure putting on mould is at 168MPa, and maintain 20 seconds, obtain the anisotropic magnet that predeformation amount is 57%.
Rapid closedown hydraulic system and heating system after thermal deformation completes, and pressure is transferred to minimum, the demoulding reduced the temperature to room temperature in 30 minutes after.
The magnet ring that magnet after the demoulding puts into internal diameter 19mm is prepared mould, and contact position in a mold evenly applies release agent MoS
2.
Mould is put into vacuum induction hot press, and be evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2pa, pours argon gas to 1 × 10
2pa is as protective gas.
Open heating system, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 800 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time is 6 minutes, after temperature reaches 800 DEG C, is incubated 1 minute.
After being incubated, opening hydraulic system, slowly apply pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity carried on the back and extrudes, to apply pressure to last magnet ring molding time be 2 minutes, pressure adjusts to 5MPa the most at last, to ensure that the pressure putting on mould is at 168MPa, and maintains 20 seconds.
The back of the body has extruded rear rapid closedown hydraulic system and heating system, and is transferred to by pressure minimum, and the demoulding reduced the temperature to room temperature in 30 minutes after, the magnet ring height obtained is 13mm.From magnet ring, radially cut little square column from top to bottom, utilize vibrating specimen magnetometer to measure little square column.
The Performance comparision of the radially oriented magnetic Nd-Fe-B ring that table 1 adopts different process to prepare
Embodiment 2
Business MQU-F rapidly quenched magnetic powder 27g is adopted to put into the hot pressing die that internal diameter is 19mm.
Hot pressing die is put into vacuum induction hot press, and be evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2below Pa.
Treat that vacuum degree reaches 6 × 10
-2during Pa, open heating system, open hydraulic system simultaneously, the pressure acted on mould is adjusted to 200MPa, and be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 670 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time was 5 minutes, 670 DEG C of heat-insulation pressure keepings 1 minute.
After heat-insulation pressure keeping completes, close heating system and hydraulic system rapidly, pressure is transferred to minimum, and cools to room temperature in 30 minutes, the demoulding after mould is taken out.
Be the hot-pressed magnets of 15.5mm by the above-mentioned hot-pressed magnets Linear cut prepared, put into mould that internal diameter is 19.5mm and mould is put into vacuum induction hot press, being evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2below Pa.
When vacuum degree reaches 6 × 10
-2after below Pa, pour Ar to 1 × 10
2pa is as protective gas and heat-conduction medium.
Open heating system, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 800 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time is 6 minutes, after temperature reaches 800 DEG C, is incubated 1 minute.
After being incubated, open hydraulic system, slow applying pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity out of shape, and deformation time controls at 60 seconds, after thermal deformation completes, slowly pressure is adjusted to 5MPa, to ensure that the pressure putting on mould is at 168MPa, and maintain 20 seconds, the anisotropic magnet that deflection is 40% can be obtained thus.
Rapid closedown hydraulic system and heating system after thermal deformation completes, and pressure is transferred to minimum, the demoulding reduced the temperature to room temperature in 30 minutes after.
The magnet ring that magnet after the demoulding puts into internal diameter 19mm is prepared mould, and contact position in a mold evenly applies release agent MoS
2.
Mould is put into vacuum induction hot press, and be evacuated down to 6 × 10
-2pa.
Open heating system, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 800 DEG C from room temperature, the heating-up time is 6 minutes, after temperature reaches 800 DEG C, is incubated 1 minute.
After being incubated, opening hydraulic system, slowly apply pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity carried on the back and extrudes, to apply pressure to last magnet ring molding time be 2 minutes, pressure adjusts to 5MPa the most at last, to ensure that the pressure putting on mould is at 168MPa, and maintains 20 seconds.
The back of the body has extruded rear rapid closedown hydraulic system and heating system, and is transferred to by pressure minimum, the demoulding reduced the temperature to room temperature in 30 minutes after, the magnet ring height 13mm obtained.From magnet ring, radially cut little square column from top to bottom, utilize vibrating specimen magnetometer to measure little square column.
The Performance comparision of the radially oriented magnetic Nd-Fe-B ring that table 2 adopts different process to prepare
The radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp that embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 middle magnetic ring are made at recycling back of the body expressing technique after predeformation PROCESS FOR TREATMENT, from the middle part of magnet ring, improves axially having obvious uniformity.By the method, can prepare the ratio of briquetting improving magnet ring in magnet ring process greatly, reduce the wastage, cost-saving, the application preparing radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring for hot pressing/thermal deformation is laid a solid foundation.
Specific embodiment described herein is only illustrate the present invention.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or adopt similar mode to substitute to described concrete case study on implementation, but can not depart from the scope that appended claims of the present invention defines.
Claims (5)
1. improve a method for hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring magnetic property and uniformity, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) hot pressing: nanocrystalline magnetic is put into hot pressing die, hot pressing die is put into vacuum induction hot press and carry out hot pressing, hot pressing temperature is at 500-850 DEG C, heating-up time was at 5 ~ 10 minutes, pressure 100-500MPa, compacting temperature retention time 1-3 minute, obtains isotropic magnet;
2) predeformation: by obtained isotropic magnet, put into the thermal deformation mould thermal deformation of different inner diameters, control heat distortion temperature at 500-850 DEG C, heating-up time is 5 ~ 10 minutes, pressure 100-500MPa, compacting temperature retention time 1-3 minute, obtains the anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet of different distortion amount;
3) hot-extrudable: finally the above-mentioned anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet through predeformation to be prepared into radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp by hot-extrudable technique;
Described step 2) predeformation deformation quantity between 20%-80%, in predeformation process, be evacuated down to 4 × 10
-2pa-8 × 10
-2below Pa, or pour Ar to 1-1.2 × 10 after vacuumizing
2pa, predeformation is 0.5-2 minute from being pressurized to the compacting deadline.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described nanocrystalline magnetic is the one in rapidly quenched magnetic powder or HDDR magnetic.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) hot pressing in, vacuum degree is higher than 9 × 10
-2pa.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 3) the hot-extrudable technique process of preparing radially oriented permanent-magnetic clamp be: by step 2) obtained anisotropic nanocrystalline magnet puts into magnet ring and prepares mould, control temperature is at 700-850 DEG C, room temperature is 5-10 minute to the highest temperature heating-up time, be incubated and open hydraulic system after 0.5-5 minute, slow applying pressure, magnet is at the uniform velocity carried on the back extrude, preparing the magnet ring time is 2-3 minute, prepare rear insulation 10-30 second, then in 20-30 minute, cool to room temperature.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that described step 3) prepare in the process of magnet ring, be evacuated down to 4 × 10
-2pa-8 × 10
-2below Pa, or pour Ar to 1-1.2 × 10 after vacuumizing
2pa.
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| CN201110371635.9A CN103123862B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Improve the method for hot pressing/thermal deformation radially oriented Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic ring performance and axial uniformity thereof |
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| CN113620701B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-04-18 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | Preparation method of superfine-crystal high-temperature-resistant high-frequency manganese-zinc ferrite |
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