CN103120180A - 一种草甘膦与敌草隆的除草剂组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种草甘膦与敌草隆的除草剂组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103120180A CN103120180A CN2011103834938A CN201110383493A CN103120180A CN 103120180 A CN103120180 A CN 103120180A CN 2011103834938 A CN2011103834938 A CN 2011103834938A CN 201110383493 A CN201110383493 A CN 201110383493A CN 103120180 A CN103120180 A CN 103120180A
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药制剂领域，特别涉及一种除草组合物及除草剂。该除草组合物由草甘膦类化合物和敌草隆组成；所述草甘膦类化合物为草甘膦和/或草甘膦盐类化合物。本发明提供的除草组合物及除草剂的防效高于单剂的防效，除草谱广，能够同时有效防除禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农药剂型，具体地说是一种由草甘膦类除草化合物与敌草隆组合的用于防除田间或非耕地杂草的除草剂组合物及其制备方法。
技术背景
草甘膦(Glyphosate)属于有机磷类，是一种内吸传导、广谱灭生性除草剂，主要抑制植物体内烯醇丙酮基莽草素磷酸合成酶，从而抑制莽草素向苯丙氨酸、酷氨酸及色氨酸的转化，使蛋白质的合成受到干扰，导致植物死亡。草甘膦是通过茎叶吸收后传导到植物各部位，可防除单子叶和双子叶、一年生和多年生、草本和灌木等40多科的植物。草甘膦入土后很快与铁、铝等金属离子结合而失去活性，对土壤中潜藏的种子和土壤微生物无不良影响。由于草甘膦与土壤接触后很快与铁、铝等金属离子结合而钝化，失去活性，因此，只能用作茎叶处理。
草甘膦化学名称：N-(磷酸甲基)甘氨酸。
结构式为：
草甘膦类除草化合物可用于防除苹果园、桃园、葡萄园、梨园、茶园、桑园等经济作物园以及农田杂草，对稗、狗尾草、看麦娘、牛筋草、马唐、苍耳、藜、繁缕、猪殃殃等一年生杂草，每亩用41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂130-230克；对车前草、小飞蓬、鸭舌草、雀稗，每亩用41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂246-330克，对白茅、芦苇、香附子、水蓼、狗牙根、蛇莓、刺儿菜等，每亩用41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂394-660克。一般阔叶杂草在萌芽早期或开花期、禾本科在拔节晚期或抽穗早期每亩用药量兑水20-30公斤喷雾。已割除茎叶的植株应待杂草再生至有足够的新生叶片时再施药。防除多年生杂草时一次药量分2次，间隔5天施用，可提高防效。
敌草隆(Diuron)内吸型脲类除草剂，属光合作用抑制剂，并有一定的触杀性能。可被植物的根叶吸收，以根系吸收为主。杂草根系吸收药剂后，传到地上 叶片中，并沿着叶脉向周围传播。抑制光合作用中的希尔反应，使受害杂草从叶尖和边缘开始褪色，终至全叶枯萎，不能制造养分，饥饿而死，该药杀死植物需要在光照条件下。在土壤中活性期约4-8月，取决于土壤类型和湿度，半衰期90-180天。
敌草隆化学名称：N-(3，4-二氯苯基)-N，N’-二甲基脲。结构式为：
敌草隆在低剂量的情况下可通过位差及时差选择进行除草，而在高剂量情况下可作灭生性除草剂。一般在棉田使用一次即能控制整个生育期田间杂草，同时对棉花还有一定的刺激生长作用。可在棉花、玉米、花生、甘蔗、果树、茶树、橡胶树等旱地作物防除马唐、旱稗、狗尾草、蓼、藜、莎草等一年生杂草。对多年生杂草如狗牙根、香附子等也有良好的防除效果。
单独使用敌草隆见效较慢，且无法达到彻底杀根的目的；单独使用草甘膦对多年生杂草和部分阔叶杂草防除效果不佳，且草甘膦在土壤中很容易失活，因此不具备封土的能力，持效期短。
发明内容
针对上述存在的不足，本发明提供了一种新的除草剂组合物，具有抑制杂草蛋白质合成和光合作用的双重效果，兼具触杀、内吸和封土，能够有效防除一年生杂草、多年生杂草和阔叶杂草，且持效期长。
本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种除草剂组合物，主要包括草甘膦类除草化合物和敌草隆类两种及以上的有效成分。
上述组合物中有效成分草甘膦类除草化合物与敌草隆的质量百分比为1-96∶1-96；优选10-80∶3-80；进一步优选15-75∶5-70。
所述草甘膦类除草化合物为草甘膦、草甘膦铵盐、草甘膦异丙胺盐、草甘膦钠盐、草甘膦钾盐、草甘膦二甲胺盐和草甘膦乙醇胺盐中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
本发明还提供了一种除草剂，由上述除草组合物以及农药制剂中可接受的辅料组成，所述除草组合物占所述除草剂的质量百分比为1％～96％。
作为优选，所述除草组合物占所述除草剂的质量百分比为5％-85％。
所述的除草剂中，所述农药制剂中可接受的辅料包括润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、粘结剂、稳定剂、消泡剂、填料等中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述的润湿剂选自十二烷基硫酸盐、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、月桂醇硫酸钠、烷基萘磺酸盐、渗透剂T(顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠)、渗透剂JFC(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)、茶枯、拉开粉、皂角中的一种或几种。
所述的分散剂选自聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、亚甲基双甲基萘磺酸钠、萘磺酸盐、索伯SOPA(烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯磺酸盐)、NNO(亚甲基双荼磺酸钠)、聚丙烯酸中的一种或几种。
所述的粘结剂选自阿拉伯胶、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、糊精、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、松香、硫酸钠、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、果糖、甲基纤维素中的一种或几种。
所述的崩解剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氯化铵、氯化钙膨润土、淀粉、纤维素、尿素、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、酒石酸中的一种或几种。
所述的稳定剂选自磷酸氢二钠、草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、硼砂、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、油酸三乙醇胺或环氧化植物油中的一种或几种。
所述的消泡剂选自有机硅类、醇类、聚醚类中的一种或几种。
所述的填料选自硅藻土、高岭土、陶土、轻质碳酸钙、滑石粉、粘土、硫酸铵、氯化铵、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、硫酸钾、硫酸钠、尿素、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、果糖中的一种或几种。
本发明中提供的除草剂为水悬浮剂、微胶囊剂、粉剂、粒剂、片剂等。
本发明复配除草剂根据不同作物情况，对其中草甘膦类除草化合物与敌草隆的比例进行合理的选取，从而选出对其杂草的防除效果显著的组合。
本发明的优势在于：
1、不同的作用机理有机结合。草甘膦为内吸型除草剂，通过叶片吸收后传导至杂草全株，通过抑制蛋白质使杂草死亡，达到杀根的目的；敌草隆为内吸型除草剂，兼具一定的触杀作用，最主要的特点是在土壤中的半衰期长达3～4个月，能起到很好的土壤封闭作用。两者组合，不但能杀死地面以上的杂草，还能对杂 草形成持久的预防作用。
2、提高速效性。草甘膦对杂草的速效性较慢，一般需经过15～25天，杂草才能彻底死亡，敌草隆在具有植物生长调节剂的作用，能促进杂草对草甘膦的吸收，加快该除草组合物的除草速效性。同时其根部吸收与草甘膦的叶片吸收形成有机的结合，加速杂草对两种除草剂的吸收，提高了速效性。
3、扩大了杀草谱。随着草甘膦的大面积长期使用，不少作物对草甘膦产生了抗性，如狗牙根、黎、旱稗等。而敌草隆对上述对草甘膦不敏感的杂草有良好的防效，形成了有力的互补。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅为了进一步说明本发明内容，但本发明绝非仅限于以下这些实施例。配方中百分比均为质量百分比，以下所述原药(包括敌草隆原药、草甘膦铵盐原药、草甘膦钾盐原药和草甘膦异丙胺盐原药等)含量均以质量比95％计。
实施例1
将78.2kg草甘膦铵盐原药，0.8kg敌草隆原药，十二烷基硫酸钠2kg，木质素磺酸钙3kg，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.5kg，硫酸铵14.5kg，一起加入混合机混合30min，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于15微米，得75％草甘瞵铵盐·敌草隆可湿性粉剂。
实施例2
将0.95kg草甘膦铵盐原药，91.7kg敌草隆原药，十二烷基硫酸钠2kg，木质素磺酸钙3kg，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1.5kg，硫酸铵0.85kg，一起加入混合机混合30min，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于15微米，得88％草甘膦铵盐·敌草隆可湿性粉剂。
实施例3
将9.3kg草甘膦钾盐原药，74.7kg敌草隆原药，烷基萘磺酸盐3kg，聚羧酸盐6kg，羧甲基纤维素1kg，尿素5.9kg，一起加入混合机混合30min，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于15微米，投入到捏合机中，加入硅酮消泡剂0.1kg，适量水，捏合15min，放入挤压造粒机进行造粒，烘干，筛分后得80％草甘膦钾盐·敌草隆水分散粒剂。
实施例4
将71.3kg草甘膦异丙胺盐原药，2.7kg敌草隆原药，烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚1.5kg，亚甲基双甲基萘磺酸钠3.5kg，柠檬酸3kg，碳酸钠3kg，膨润土12.7kg，一起加入混合机混合30min，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于15微米，投入到捏合机中，加入聚乙二醇2kg，异辛醇0.3kg，适量水，捏合20min，放入挤压造粒机进行造粒，烘干，筛分后得70％草甘膦异丙胺盐·敌草隆水分散粒剂。
实施例5
将32kg草甘膦钠盐原药，11kg敌草隆原药，十二烷基苯磺酸钠3kg，索伯SOPA5kg，氯化铵6kg，高岭土42.5kg，一起加入混合机混合30min，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于15微米，投入到捏合机中，加入有机硅消泡剂0.3kg，适量水，捏合20min，放入挤压造粒机进行造粒，烘干，筛分后得40％草甘膦钠盐·敌草隆水分散粒剂。
实施例6
将32g草甘膦二甲胺盐原药，21g敌草隆原药，聚羧酸盐4g，木质素磺酸钠6g，乙二醇2g，有机硅消泡剂0.3g，黄原胶0.1g，去离子水37.6g，一起加入湿法研磨机研磨2.5h，得50％草甘膦二甲胺盐·敌草隆悬浮剂。
实施例7
将14g草甘膦单乙醇胺盐原药，65g敌草隆原药，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚钠2.5g，淀粉3g，木质素磺酸钠3g，乳糖3g，羧甲基纤维素钠2g，硅酸镁铝2g，碳酸钙5.5g，一起加入混合机混合30min以上，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于10微米，投入转盘式压片机中压片，筛分后得75％草甘膦单乙醇胺盐·敌草隆可分散片剂。
实施例8
将59.1g草甘膦原药，3.9g敌草隆原药，烷基萘磺酸盐3g，羧甲基淀粉钠3g，硫酸铵20.9g，氯化铵2g，一起加入混合机混合30min以上，之后进行气流粉碎，使物料的粒径90％小于10微米，投入到捏合机中，加入牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚8g，有机硅消泡剂0.1g，适量水，捏合20min，放入挤压造粒机进行造粒，烘干，筛分后得60％草甘膦·敌草隆水分散粒剂。
实施例9
将本发明提供的除草组合物进行对杂草的防效试验，试验于浙江建德市一闲置田进行，前茬为水稻，每处理4次重复，并设草甘膦与敌草隆单剂作为对照。小区面积均为20m2，共40个小区，随机区组排列，每个处理原药清水溶解且最终体积相同，均匀喷施。施药前分别统计各类杂草株数，施药后15天、30天分别统计杂草死亡株数。施药15天后的防效结果见表1，施药30天后的防效结果见表2。防效计算按照下面公式：
防效(％)＝1-(施药后杂草株数÷施药前杂草株数)×100％。
表1草甘膦与敌草隆除草组合物15天后的防效结果
表2草甘膦与敌草隆除草组合物30天后的防效结果
从上表试验数据可以看出，使用本发明复配除草剂对各杂草的防效明显高于单独使用草甘膦和单独使用敌草隆的防效。
本发明复配除草剂组合物将草甘膦和敌草隆二者按照合理的比例进行复配，通过加入助剂及填料，达到增效的目的，该复配大大提高了防除一年生禾本科杂 草、多年生杂草和阔叶杂草的效果，扩大了杀草谱，并有良好的土壤封闭作用，同时减少了农药的使用量，降低了成本。
Claims (9)
1.一种除草组合物，其特征在于，其由草甘膦类化合物和敌草隆组成；所述草甘膦类化合物为草甘膦和/或草甘膦盐类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述草甘膦盐类化合物包括草甘膦铵盐、草甘膦异丙胺盐、草甘膦钠盐、草甘膦钾盐、草甘膦二甲胺盐或草甘膦乙醇胺盐中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述草甘膦类化合物与所述敌草隆的质量比为1-96∶1-96。
4.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述草甘膦类化合物与所述敌草隆的质量比为10-80∶3-80。
5.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述草甘膦类化合物与所述敌草隆的质量比为15-75∶5-70。
6.一种除草剂，其特征在于，其由如权利要求1至5任一项所述的除草组合物以及农药制剂中可接受的辅料组成，所述除草组合物占所述除草剂的质量百分比为1～96％。
7.根据权利要求6所述的除草剂，其特征在于，所述除草组合物占所述除草剂的质量百分比为5～85％。
8.根据权利要求6所述的除草剂，其特征在于，所述农药制剂中可接受的辅料包括润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、粘结剂、稳定剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、溶剂、填料中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
9.根据权利要求6所述的除草剂，其特征在于，其为水悬浮剂、微胶囊剂、粉剂、粒剂、片剂等剂型。
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| CN105961461A (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽省益农化工有限公司 | 一种含有草甘膦的果园专用除草剂 |
| CN112205400A (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-12 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种除草剂组合物及其应用 |
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| CN1073071A (zh) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-06-16 | 先灵公司 | 具有协合作用的除草剂组合物 |
| WO2009141367A2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-26 | Basf Se | Herbicidal composition comprising glyphosate, glufosinate or their salts |
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| CN1044206A (zh) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-08-01 | 孟山都公司 | 改进的草甘膦制剂 |
| CN1073071A (zh) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-06-16 | 先灵公司 | 具有协合作用的除草剂组合物 |
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| CN105961461A (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽省益农化工有限公司 | 一种含有草甘膦的果园专用除草剂 |
| CN112205400A (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-12 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种除草剂组合物及其应用 |
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