Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides the self-adaptive bit allocation method in a kind of collaborative multiaerial system, comprises the following steps:
Step 1 is extracted the received power of this cell data channel information, adjacent cell interference channel information, data-signal and interference signal and the Delay of each channel according to channel estimating;
Step 2, calculate respectively according to the Delay of described signal received power and each channel the Optimal Feedback bit number that distributes for data channel and each interference channel under the prerequisite that total number of bits of feedback is fixed, and the rate loss that the channel information nonideality causes is carried out minimization, to obtain ideal communication channel information;
Step 3, determine the size of code book according to described Optimal Feedback bit number, and utilize described ideal communication channel information to choose channel condition information after corresponding code word quantizes according to the minimum chordal distance criterion from described code book, and described channel condition information is fed back to serving BS by the based on feedback link that time delay is arranged;
Step 4 receives the channel condition information of described quantification, and generates the ZF pre-coding matrix according to the interference channel information of described quantification by the X2 interface that time delay is arranged.
In this embodiment, suppose that in the multi-cell coordination multi-input multi-output system M adjacent cell arranged around a reference cell, the base station in reference cell arranges K user to carry out simultaneously transfer of data.In system, each base station and each user configure respectively n
TAnd n
RWith antenna.When the multiplexing factor of system frequency was 1, each user can be subject to two kinds of interference: 1. from the inter-user interference of this residential quarter, and 2 presence of intercell interference from adjacent cell.In reference cell, k user receives, and (1≤m≤M) signal power of individual interference base station is respectively P from serving BS and m
kWith
Wherein
Be power coefficient, namely the power of this cell data signal is better than the power of the interference signal of interfered cell.
Value depend on and channel large scale decline comprise path loss and shadow fading.K user of reference cell is at the reception signal of time point n
Can be written as:
Wherein
With
Be respectively reference cell and m interfered cell to the channel matrix of user k.
Be the transmitting data vector, satisfy maximum transmit power limit:
Be piece diagonal angle precoding unitary matrice.z
k[n] expression is obeyed and is distributed as CN (0, σ
2) multiple Gaussian noise vector.
In this embodiment, H
k[n] and G
K, m[n] has respectively the code book W that quantizes (RVQ) based on random vector
kAnd W
k,mQuantize.Generate in advance under each user code book used is all online and transmitting-receiving two-end all obtains the full content of code book in advance.Code book W
kAnd W
k,mSize be respectively
With
Namely
Wherein in code book, each element is random half unitary matrice that generates.Suppose that the total feedback bandwidth of each user is B
totBit, wherein B
kAnd B
k,mBit quantizes respectively H
k[n] and G
K, m[n].The user goes out corresponding code word as the channel matrix after quantizing from codebook selecting
With
System of selection is according to the minimum chordal distance criterion:
(2)
The channel delay that causes due to feedback and the information interaction of X2 interface also can cause systemic loss of energy.Become the piece fading channel model when considering in this concrete enforcement, namely channel in a mark space fix and adjacent-symbol between channel response be correlated with.Channel relevancy can be expressed as:
H
k[n]=η
kH
k[n-D
k]+E
k[n] (3)
G
k,m[n]=η
k,mG
k,m[n-D
k,m]+E
k,m[n]
E wherein
k[n] and E
K, m[n] is the channel errors matrix, and and H
k[n-D
k] and G
K, m[n-D
k,m] relatively independent.D
kAnd D
k,mBe respectively the sampled point number of channel delay.E
k[n] and E
K, mElement in [n] is obeyed and is distributed
With
And satisfy respectively
Coefficient correlation η
kAnd η
k,mDetermined by carat card autocorrelation model:
η
k=J
0(2πf
dD
kT
s) (4)
η
k,m=J
0(2πf
dD
k,mT
s)
Wherein, J
0() is 0 rank Bessel function of the first kind, f
dBe Doppler frequency shift, T
sBe mark space.
When transmitting terminal can obtain desirable channel condition information without time delay, adopt based on the collaborative piece diagonal angle method for precoding of ZF and can eliminate presence of intercell interference and inter-user interference fully, its pre-coding matrix satisfies following restriction:
H
j[n]T
k[n]=0,forj=1,2…Kand j≠k (5)
G
k,m[n]T
k[n]=0,for1≤m≤M
Wherein in (5) formula, first equation represents that the ZF of disturbing in the residential quarter limits, and second equation represents the ZF restriction of presence of intercell interference.Thereby in the residential quarter, k user's pre-coding matrix should be included in
Kernel in.
May be defined as
Wherein
With
Be respectively the polymer matrix of multi-user interference channel and presence of intercell interference channel:
(6)
Right
Carrying out the standard singular value decomposition can get
Formed
One group of orthonormal basis of right null space.Order
Can satisfy the restriction in (5) formula.In this embodiment, concentrate on n
T〉=(K-1) n
R+ Mn
RSituation to satisfy the restriction of antenna dimension.Can adopt dynamic clustering cooperation and multi-subscriber dispatching algorithm to reduce the value of K and M.When transmitting terminal had the ideal communication channel state information, piece diagonal angle method for precoding can be deleted multi-user interference and presence of intercell interference fully, and user's average transmission rate expression formula is:
Consideration is in real system, and transmitting terminal can't obtain desirable channel condition information without time delay, the base station n constantly only can obtain quantize and the time data channel information delayed
And interference channel information
Employing piece diagonal angle pre-coding matrix
The phase mutual interference can't be eliminated fully, only following restriction can be satisfied:
(9)
Under non-ideal communication channel, user's average transmission rate expression formula is:
R wherein
k[n] is the covariance matrix of k user's interference plus noise, is expressed as:
(11)
Because non-ideal communication channel information exists, the interference in (10) formula can't be removed fully, namely
With
Thereby residual interference can worsen systematic function.
At first derive when existing based on Limited Feedback and channel delay the closed expression of the difference of user's transmission rate under user's transmission rate and ideal communication channel situation in this embodiment, and proposed a kind of adaptive bit allocation algorithm based on this closed expression.Wherein, the closed expression of the undesirable rate loss that causes of channel condition information is derived as follows:
(12)
Wherein ignored R in (a) formula
kThe part positive semidefinite item of [n].T
k[n] and
Be isotropic distribution, and and H
k[n] is separate, therefore
With
Expectation equate.(b) formula is inequality gloomy according to letter.The derivation of equation (c) is as follows:
Have for the S1 item:
(13)
Wherein (d) formula is according to equation (3) and E
k[n] and H
k[nD
k] independent distribution.(e) formula is according to H
k[n-D
k] the Eigenvalues Decomposition expression formula:
Wherein
Formed H
k[nD
k] the column vector subspace of opening in one group of orthonormal basis.Λ
kBe diagonal matrix, its diagonal entry is
N
RIndividual non-zero, the characteristic value of descending.(e) formula is according to E
k[n] is multiple Gauss's matrix and T
j[n] is unitary matrice, thereby E
k[n] T
j[n] also obeys for each element
The Gauss's matrix that distributes.Matrix
Can decompose as follows:
Wherein
Be the orthonormal basis of one group of isotropic distribution, open into
Left kernel in n
RDimensional plane.C
kN
R* n
RUpper triangular matrix, its diagonal entry are on the occasion of also satisfying:
And, S
kAnd C
kSeparate.According to (14) Shi Kede:
(15) in formula last equation according to S
kAnd T
j[n] isotropic distribution exists
Left kernel in and both are separate, thereby
For matrix immediately variable to obey parameter be n
RAnd n
T-2n
RBeta distribute, namely
Character according to (14) formula matrix decomposition has
Φ wherein
kFor quantization error can be approximately equal to:
T=n wherein
R(n
T-n
R),
Thereby obtain (f) formula.
Derivation and the S1 of S2 are similar, as follows:
(17)
Wherein
Form G
k[n-D
k,m] column vector open into one group of orthonormal basis in space, Λ
K, mBe diagonal matrix, its diagonal entry is
N
RIndividual non-zero, the characteristic value of descending.Φ
K, mBe quantization error:
The closed expression that finally obtains the rate loss that Limited Feedback and channel delay cause is:
By (19) formula as can be known, rate loss causes mainly due to two factors: residual multi-user interference and presence of intercell interference.A key issue is the total number of bits of feedback B as each user
totIn the time of fixedly, in order to minimize rate loss, should be how many number of bits of feedback B of data channel assignment
kAnd should be interference channel and distribute how many bit number B
K, mNext this embodiment will propose a kind of novel optimal bit allocative decision, to minimize the rate loss of (19) formula.
According to (19) formula, notice that logarithmic function is monotonic increasing function, ignore constant term, can get target function as follows:
(20)
Wherein,
(20) formula is convex function, available protruding Optimization Method.Lagrangian can be written as:
According to (21) formula, can get the optimum KKT condition of single order as follows:
Find the solution the equation in (22) formula, can get optimal solution as follows:
Wherein
By (23) formula as can be known
Along with
Increase and increase.Also namely or data channel time delay strong when the power of data-signal hour, system can distribute more number of bits of feedback to come the quantized data channel.On the contrary, when interference channel stronger, time delay hour, more number of bits of feedback can be distributed to the quantification interference channel.In other words, this embodiment is put forward the algorithm self adaptation must be stronger for power, the feedback bits that the channel allocation that time delay is less is more; For power a little less than, the feedback bits that the channel allocation that time delay is larger is less is to minimize rate loss.
Self-adaptive bit allocation method in the collaborative multiaerial system that this embodiment is provided below by specific embodiment is elaborated.In multiaerial system block diagram shown in Figure 2, each user not only receives the data channel of this residential quarter, can be subject to the interference of adjacent cell signal simultaneously, the user utilizes channel estimating to obtain the channel condition information of data channel and interference channel, and will feed back to serving BS after these information quantizations.Serving BS passes to the interfered cell base station by X2 interface with interference channel information again.
The base station is the broadcast channel periodically.The user utilizes channel estimating to estimate the channel information of this cell data channel and adjacent cell interference channel and the relevant information of signal power and time delay.The user utilizes the information of signal power and time delay to calculate respectively the Optimal Feedback bit number of data channel and the distribution of each interference channel according to (22) formula.Determine the Optimal Feedback bit number, also namely determined the size of code book, as W
kAnd W
k,mSize be respectively
With
The user selects corresponding code word as the channel matrix after quantizing from code book respectively according to the minimum chordal distance criterion
With
And the code book indication information is fed back to serving BS by the feedback channel that time delay is arranged.The base station by X2 interface with interference channel information
Pass to corresponding adjacent cell base station.The base station utilize the non-ideal communication channel information obtain carry out the ZF pre-encode operation with suppress in this residential quarter multi-user interference and to the presence of intercell interference of adjacent cell.
For realizing said method, the embodiment of the present invention has also proposed the adaptive bit distributor in a kind of collaborative multiaerial system, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Receiving element 31 is used for extracting the received power of this cell data channel information, adjacent cell interference channel information, data-signal and interference signal and the Delay of each channel according to channel estimating;
Feedback computing unit 32, calculate respectively the Optimal Feedback bit number that distributes for data channel and each interference channel under the prerequisite that total number of bits of feedback is fixed for the Delay according to described signal received power and each channel, and the rate loss that the channel information nonideality causes is carried out minimization, to obtain ideal communication channel information;
Quantize computing unit 33, be used for determining according to described Optimal Feedback bit number the size of code book, and utilize described ideal communication channel information to choose channel condition information after corresponding code word quantizes according to the minimum chordal distance criterion from described code book, and the index information that described channel condition information is corresponding feeds back to serving BS by the based on feedback link that time delay is arranged;
Base station precoding unit 34 is used for receiving by the X2 interface that time delay is arranged the channel condition information of described quantification, and generates the ZF pre-coding matrix according to the interference channel information of described quantification.
Preferably, comprise at feedback computing unit 32;
The minimization subelement is used to the more feedback bits of channel allocation that signal power is strong, time delay is less; Be the less feedback bits of channel allocation that signal power is weak, time delay is larger.
Preferably, comprise in base station precoding unit 4;
Disturb to suppress subelement, be used for utilizing singular value decomposition to obtain the kernel matrix of interference channel, and utilize this kernel matrix as pre-coding matrix to suppress this two kinds of interference.
The embodiment of the processing capacity of each unit that comprises in the adaptive bit distributor in above-mentioned collaborative multiaerial system is described in method execution mode before, no longer is repeated in this description at this.
Adopt the scheme of the present embodiment, utilize the non-ideal communication channel information of obtaining to carry out the ZF pre-encode operation by the base station, thus suppress in this residential quarter multi-user interference and to the presence of intercell interference of adjacent cell.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement are within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.