CN103117634A - Mercury brush commutator direct-current rotary motor and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Mercury brush commutator direct-current rotary motor and manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN103117634A
CN103117634A CN2011103833634A CN201110383363A CN103117634A CN 103117634 A CN103117634 A CN 103117634A CN 2011103833634 A CN2011103833634 A CN 2011103833634A CN 201110383363 A CN201110383363 A CN 201110383363A CN 103117634 A CN103117634 A CN 103117634A
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commutator
mercury
pole piece
hole
winding
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罗松林
何亚强
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Abstract

The invention relates to a direct-current motor, a commutator and improvement of a manufacturing method. The mercury brush commutator direct-current motor see the attached map 3 is composed of a stator (1), a pole, a commutating pole, an armature (2), a winding (3), a fan blade (4), an end cover (5), an end cover (6) and the commutator (7), wherein the commutator is composed of an upper mercury groove (11), a lower mercury groove (12), a shaft seal (16), a sheet-shaped spring (20), wool felt (21), commutators (23, 24,25,26), a conducting half ring (34), a binding post (33), mercury P (31), arc extinguishing liquid q, an outlet hole (35) and a thread hole (8). The mercury brush commutator direct-current motor has the advantages of being free of mechanical wear in the commutator, free of sparking, free of noise, simple to operate and maintain, long in service life, and simple in production process, saving copper material, and being low in cost. The motor has the advantages of having low-speed large torque, and being smooth in speed regulation.

Description

A kind of mercury brush-commutated device DC rotation motor and manufacture method
The present invention relates to DC rotation motor, commutator and manufacture method.
The generation of direct current machine comes from special golden hair of American's phase in 1832 and understands DC motor commutator, and pixii had invented the direct current machine with commutator in 1836.It is more extensive that direct current machine uses, in the mine, the industries such as metallurgy, traffic, machine-building, papermaking wants, rubber all have utilization.It has low speed high torque, and the characteristics of stepless speed control and good cost performance are that other motor can't replace.But it also exists the commutator commutator easy to wear, is prone to " sparking " phenomenon, operation, maintenance, the shortcoming that operation cost is high.Over more than 100 year, domestic and international relevant technologies personnel have carried out unremitting effort for capturing this difficult problem.As: " 03239176 " of Great Wall commutator company, " 200620108375 " Austrian Randt company " 96180521 ", their commutator innovation all is only limited to the improvement on details, or extended useful life of commutator, or reduced electric spark, or improved production efficiency and reduced production costs, but do not change commutator commutator, carbon brush basic structure, fail thoroughly to solve mechanical wear and " sparking " problem of commutator.This problem has seriously restricted the development that brushless motor is arranged, and " brush is arranged " becomes the synonym that direct current machine falls behind, and becomes the bottleneck of direct current machine development.The nearly more than ten years, brushless permanent magnet motor obtained significant progress because market is large to the demand of electric automobile, electric motor car.Not direct current machine from this motor of brushless permanent magnet motor work Essential Analysis, and belong to AC induction motor, the fundamental characteristics with AC induction motor.The operation characteristic of its low speed torque output characteristic and automobile, electric motor car is unmatched, and as the electric automobile of motor direct-drive, electric motor car is unaccommodated certainly.There are very large gap in the market the electric automobile, climbing, acceleration performance and the fuel-engined vehicle of electric motor car, the motorcycle that directly drive with brushless permanent magnet DC motor, the research and development of brushless permanent magnet DC motor are described still in the primary stage, also have very long stretch to walk.Mercury brush direct current machine of the present invention also has the wearing and tearing of commutator machinery-free except the characteristics of the large torque of the original slow-speed of revolution of this motor, stepless speed control, without " sparking ", and noiseless advantage.With the straight drive electric automobile of the brush-commutated device direct current machine of mercury, the climbing of electric motor car, acceleration performance are not worse than fuel-engined vehicle, motorcycle, and particularly cost performance is better than the latter, are 50 percent of fuel-engined vehicle, motorcycle cost, and be even also low.The appearance of mercury brush dc motor technology will bring breakthrough for the straight drive electric automobile of brushless motor, electric motor car are arranged, also for there to be the development of brushless motor to bring hope.
The brush-commutated device direct current machine of a kind of mercury.See Fig. 3, Fig. 4 schematic diagram for details.N, S, main pole, a, b, c, d line chart, AA '-BB ' commutator, k, j, e, o commutator pole piece.Wire connects o-n-m (through the axle centre bore)-l-a-b-d-c (through the axle centre bore)-i-g-f-e.At i punishment branch line i-j; At l punishment branch line l-k; In A '+B '-Jia DC power supply, electric current from A '+-P-O-n-m-l-a-b-d-c-i-j-p-B '-.Current-carrying conductor ab, cd are subjected to the effect of electromagnetic force to form torque to begin counterclockwise to rotate (Left Hand Rule), rectification this moment extremely electric e, k put sky.180 ° of after-currents of coil transmission from A '+-P-e-f-g-c-d-b-a-l-k-p-B '-, this moment, commutator extremely electric O, J put sky.Because the electric current in the commutation working coil of AA '-BB ' exchanges, the torque direction of generation is constant.The residing position of mercury brush B ' P of AA '-BB ' commutator and traditional direct current machine carbon brush residing position differ 180 °, but close symbol Electrical Motor theory, and electric current is radiated to winding from the axle centre bore.And axle centre bore and main pole geometric midline overlap, and the theory relevant to Electrical Motor is reconcilable thus.
Wearing and tearing and " sparking " origin cause of formation about commutator are talked about diverse and confused 3 points that are summarized as publicly: 1, electromagnetism reason, winding is at commutation moment generation back-emf, polarity is opposite with rear winding current polarity, and the voltage breakdown air of front and back commutator pole piece discharges electric energy and produces spark; 2, mechanical reason, the circular runout of commutator commutator is large, or dynamic balancing is bad, and carbon brush pressure is uneven, and commutator surface is unholiness.3, electrochemistry reason, commutator surface cuprous oxide layer is destroyed.Present technique is equipped with one deck extinguishing arc liquid, extinguishing arc powder q on mercury brush P, its thickness is that adjacent pole piece insulation distance S adds superior pole piece width, δ 〉=R+S.See accompanying drawing 5 for details.Front winding produces back-emf (inductance principle) at commutation moment pole piece, but it with rear pole piece between have all the time S thickness extinguishing arc liquid, powder q to isolate, the resistance of q can not produce electric shock greater than air resistance between the electricity of the two poles of the earth.About the problem of commutator machinery wearing and tearing, the electric conductivity of mercury brush is very good, and considerably beyond carbon brush, contact resistance is 1 milliohm resistance.Liquid mercury is very little with the wearing and tearing of solid-state commutator relative motion, can ignore, even if there have the contact-making surface of wearing and tearing also can not produce saying of gap " sparking " to be untenable.
The brush-commutated device direct current machine of mercury (main pole 4,16 grooves) sees 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 accompanying drawings for details.(1) stator, main pole, commutating pole; (2) armature; (3) winding; (4) fan blade; (5) end cap; (6) end cap; (7) commutator; (8) through wires hole; (9) bearing.Wherein commutator is by (10) set bolt, (11) first mercury cell, (12) second mercury cell; (13) sealing gasket; (14) set bolt; (15) axle centre bore; (16) shaft seal (17) shaft seal gland; (18) gland bolt; (19) liquid injection port; (20) springs; (21) commutator C; (26) commutator D; (27) spacer sleeve; (28) shaft end nut; (29) pole piece (30) pole piece binding post; (31) extinguishing arc liquid, extinguishing arc powder q, mercury p; (32) tap hole; (33) binding post; (34) conduction semi-ring; (35) wire hole.(7) commutator design is positioned at (6) end cap outside and is operation, the encapsulation process of easy to maintenance and mercury cell.Armature winding is connected from the wiring of axle centre bore with commutator, bores (15) centre bore at the end that commutator is installed after main shaft is rough turn.The sectional area in hole is slightly larger than winding leading-out wire sectional area summation, but the mechanical strength of premise axle, the degree of depth reach the tapping place; Bore (8) through wires hole, wire hole (35) on milling machine.(8) through wires hole is positioned at the tapping place, and meter 16 holes are along axle garden Zhou Junbu, and in order to guarantee the mechanical strength of axle, single two two rows are divided in 16 holes.(8) bore dia is slightly larger than the lead-out wire diameter, the axis in hole and main-shaft axis angle are 45 °, (35) 16 of wire hole meters are on same circumference, ordering is identical with (8) hole, be positioned at axle head, be ellipse, the aperture is slightly larger than the lead-out wire diameter, and the axis in hole becomes 90 ° of angles with main-shaft axis.(3) winding leading-out wire 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 respectively penetrates (15) axle centre bore from axle (8) hole successively, go out from (35) wire hole, be connected with (24) rectification pole piece jack per line respectively, (30) are binding posts.(23) the commutator pole piece connects with (24) commutator pole piece jack per line.See 8,9 accompanying drawings for details.From (3) winding leading-out wire 5, divide in the direction of the clock branch line 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 ', 10 ', 11 ', 12 ', 13 ', 14 ', 15 ', 16,1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ' be connected with (26) commutator pole piece jack per line, (26) commutator pole piece is connected with (25) commutator pole piece jack per line.
Motor when operation (seeing accompanying drawing 8,9,10 for details) electric current enters (3) winding from A '+B '+minutes 4 tunnel, and through C ' _ D ' _ one-tenth loop, the first via: B '+-P-1-16-15-14-13 '-p-C ' _; The the second road B '+-P-2-3-4-5 '-P-D ' _; Third Road A '+-P-10-11-12-13 '-P-C ' _; The four the tunnel: A '+-P-9-8-7-6-5 '-P-D ' _.Motor counterclockwise rotates.
Mercury brush P (mercury) has severe toxicity, sees accompanying drawing 6 for details, (11) first groove, and the connection of (12) second groove relies on (14) bolt to fix, and there is (13) sealing gasket the centre.(16) shaft seal, (18) bolt can be regulated (16) shaft seal elasticity, guarantee that the volatilization of mercury does not leak, and (20) springs and (21) wool felt can be rejected extinguishing arc liquid, the powder that attaches on commutator.Extinguishing arc liquid, powder thickness are δ 〉=R+S, and δ is not the bigger the better, and extinguishing arc liquid resistance is unfavorable to the electric current commutation greatly.(19) liquid injection port, (32) tap hole can be regulated the thickness of p and q.(27) spacer sleeve (seeing accompanying drawing 2 for details) is the synthetic covers of two semicircles, and this cover has 4 effects; 1, to commutator axially play the role of positioning (seeing accompanying drawing 1 for details), the commutator radial location is by flat key (22), axial location: located by the step on main shaft on the left of (26) commutator, what the right side relied on spacer sleeve power is passed to (25) commutator spacer sleeve, and (24) commutator, spacer sleeve, (23) commutator, spacer sleeve are located to (28) shaft end nut.2, the spacer sleeve of different length have between adjustment commutator (23), (24), (25), (26) distance and and the mercury cell lattice between the effect of mating.3, the cavity between the cavity between spacer sleeve and main shaft and commutator centre bore and main shaft is minute space of Fabric wire.4, spacer sleeve shields to wire.
Commutator just is being considered as circle, and side-looking is rhombus (seeing accompanying drawing 7 for details), the fineness of working face
Figure BSA00000623480500052
8, during work, peripheral velocity is large, if the frontal drag conference causes the mercury face and produces large fluctuation, this geometry can reduce commutator and just face the pressure of mercury, be conducive to the mercury liquid level stabilizing, the weight pressure that also helps mercury self is removed extinguishing arc liquid, the powder that sticks on the commutator contact face, reduces contact resistance.Few with the copper material of cydariform commutator phase specific consumption, manufacturing process is also simple.
The equalizer that present technique has been omitted the second kind is because the mercury brush resistance is very little, and commutation resistance, each winding reactance of greatly having improved winding are balanced, therefore need not to set up second kind equalizer.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1, be the brush-commutated device direct current machine of mercury of the present invention, armature, commutator structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2, be that direct current machine is used for commutator axial location spacer sleeve figure.
Fig. 3, be 0 °~180 ° Principle of Rotating figure of direct current machine.
Fig. 4, be 180 °~360 ° Principle of Rotating figure of direct current machine.
Fig. 5, be direct current machine mercury brush, extinguishing arc liquid, powder, commutator work contact-making surface schematic diagram.
Fig. 6, be that direct current machine is faced, right view, with O axle FOF ', GOG ' cutaway view.
Fig. 7, be that dc motor commutator is faced, left view.
Fig. 8, be armature of direct current motor winding and commutator connection diagram.
Fig. 9, be armature of direct current motor winding strands route and with the commutator connection diagram.
Figure 10, be that direct current machine main pole 4 utmost points, 16 grooves, armature winding are simplified bypass elements figure.
Embodiment: shown in accompanying drawing 1,2,6,7,8,9,10.(1) stator, main pole, commutating pole, (2) armature, (3) winding, (4) fan blade, (5) end cap, (6) end cap, (7) commutator, (8) through wires hole, (9) bearing, wherein commutator is by (10) set bolt, (11) first mercury cell, (12) second mercury cell, (13) sealing gasket, (14) set bolt, (15) axle centre bore, (16) shaft seal, (17) shaft seal gland, (18) gland bolt, (19) liquid injection port, (20) springs, (21) wool felt, (22) flat key, (23) commutator A, (24) commutator B, (25) commutator C, (26) commutator D, (27) spacer sleeve, (28) shaft end nut, (29) pole piece, (30) pole piece binding post, (31) extinguishing arc liquid, powder q mercury p, (32) tap hole, (33) binding post, (34) conduction semi-ring, (35) wire hole forms.Wherein (1) stator, main pole, commutating pole, (2) armature core, (3) winding, (4) fan blade, (5) end cap be with reference to former Design and manufacture technique, and (6) end cap outside is set up (10) commutator set bolt and amounted to 4.(15) spindle hole, (8) through wires hole must guarantee the mechanical strength of axle when designing, (15) axle centre bore sectional area should be slightly larger than winding leading-out wire sectional area summation.(8) slightly larger in diameter of through wires hole is in the lead-out wire diameter, and the axis in hole and main shaft axle clamp angle are 45 °, 16 of hole meters, Dan Shuan in two separate ranks, along the axle circumference uniform distribution.(35) wire hole be the elliptical aperture slightly larger in diameter in the lead-out wire diameter, the axis in hole and main-shaft axis angle are 90 °, 16 of hole meters are positioned at shaft end, equal Fabric on circumference.(8), the processing in (35) hole should after main shaft is rough turn, before armature core is pressed into, can be carried out on milling machine or drilling machine.(23), (24), (25), (26) commutator on main shaft radially, the axial runout test should be less than 0.02, the fineness of commutator working face is
Figure BSA00000623480500071
8, can process on form grinder.Acute angle is fallen in all holes before threading, prevents that the lead-out wire insulating barrier from occurring damaged.Winding leading-out wire marking 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 enters (15) axle centre bore successively from axle head (35) hole outlet respectively from (8) hole, be connected (seeing accompanying drawing 8,9 for details) with (24) commutator pole piece jack per line respectively.(23) the commutator pole piece is connected with (24) commutator pole piece jack per line; Simultaneously No. 5 line of axle head lead-out wire divide branch line 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 ', 10 ', 11 ', 12 ', 13 ', 14 ', 15 ', 16 ', 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ' be connected with (26) commutator pole piece jack per line, (26) the commutator pole piece is connected with (25) commutator pole piece jack per line, and (30) are the pole piece binding posts.Lead-out wire is errorless with the complete inspection of being connected of commutator, and (27) spacer sleeve is installed.(26), the axial left positioner of (25), (24), (23) commutator relies on 4 intersegmental spacers and (28) nut.First according to behind coupling location between (23), (24), (25), (26) commutator and mercury cell lattice, spacing between each commutator is cut out 4 intersegmental spacers, insert respectively each commutator centre bore step place, the wired obstruct of end face can be broken breach.Wherein (28) nut end face has the circular groove of a diameter and spacer sleeve equal diameters, screws (28), and spacer sleeve embeds in (28) groove, and active force is delivered to pillow block rank, each commutator axial restraint by spacer sleeve and each commutator.Upper and lower mercury cell is fixed by (14) bolt, and there is (13) sealing gasket the centre, should guarantee during installation that shaft seal (16) locates nonconcentricity between hole and main shaft in 0.1, and the shaft seal degree of tightness is suitable, with the moving main shaft of setting stick, and should be free and relaxed.The filling thickness of mercury is as the criterion with two pole piece contacts of commutator, and the thickness of extinguishing arc liquid, powder is δ 〉=R+S.
After the brush-commutated device direct current machine of mercury overall installation was complete, do according to the rules following technology and measure: 1, winding insulation resistance measurement, each winding resistance to earth was not less than 5 megaohms.2, withstand voltage test, 3, load test.4, overspeed test.5, armature winding turn-to-turn insulation strength test.
The brush-commutated device direct current machine of mercury compare with carbon brush, commutator commutator direct current machine have the inorganic wearing and tearing of commutator, nothing " sparking ", noiseless, operation, maintenance be simple, the advantage of long service life also has copper material, manufacturing process is simple, cost the is low advantage of saving.Motor has advantages of that low speed high torque, speed governing are level and smooth.

Claims (7)

1. a mercury brush-commutated device DC rotation motor and manufacture method.Essential characteristic is: mercury P or conducting liquid in commutator A, B circumference bottom and A ', B ' groove, contacting of infiltration type arranged.Wherein the mercury surface is floated one deck extinguishing arc liquid, powder q is arranged.Mercury cell, mercury, extinguishing arc liquid, powder, commutator are arranged in order from bottom to up as group, give positive and negative electrical characteristics, and the commutator electrode of positive and negative two groups connects into a DC motor commutator by wire, and the quantity of commutator is identical with the electrodes of motor logarithm;
N, S main pole, abdc coil, AA '-BB ' commutator, k, j, e, o commutator electrode.Wire connects o-n-m (through the axle centre bore)-1-a-b-d-c (through the axle centre bore)-i-g-f-e, and at i punishment branch line i-j, at l punishment branch line l-k; A ' _+, B '-Jia DC power supply, electric current from A '+-p-o-n-m-l-a-b-d-c-i-j-p-B '-, current-carrying conductor abcd is subjected to the effect of electromagnetic force to form torque to begin counterclockwise to rotate (Left Hand Rule), the extremely electric e of commutator this moment, k put sky.Coil rotate 180 ° of after-currents from A '+-p-e-f-g-c-d-b-a-l-k-p-B '-, the extremely electric O of commutator this moment, j put sky.The torque direction that is the generation of interchange due to the electric current in the commutation position circle of AA '-BB ' is constant.
2. according to claim 1, direct current machine is characterised in that: (1) stator, main pole, commutating pole; (2) armature; (3) winding; (4) fan blade; (5) end cap; (6) end cap; (7) commutator; (8) through wires hole; (9) bearing, wherein commutator by; (10) set bolt; (11) first mercury cell; (12) second mercury cell; (13) sealing gasket; (14) bolt; (15) axle centre bore; (16) shaft seal; (17) bearing gland; (18) gland bolt; (19) liquid injection port; (20) springs; (21) wool felt; (22) flat key; (23) commutator A; (24) commutator B; (25) commutator C; (26) commutator D; (27) spacer sleeve; (28) shaft end nut; (29) pole piece; (30) pole piece binding post; (31) mercury P, extinguishing arc liquid, powder q; (32) tap hole; (33) binding post; (34) conduction semi-ring; (35) wire hole.
3. the armature manufacture method is characterized in that: bore (15) centre bore at the end that commutator is installed after the main shaft rough turning and deeply reach the tapping place; Processing (8) through wires hole and (35) wire hole on milling machine.(8) through wires hole is positioned at (3) tapping place, count 16, single two apportion two row are along the equal Fabric of axle circumference, the axis in hole and the axis of main shaft angle at 45 °, bore dia is slightly larger than the lead-out wire diameter, and 16 of (35) wire hole meters are uniform on same circumference, be positioned at spindle nose, be elliptical aperture, slightly larger in diameter is in the lead-out wire diameter, 90 ° of axially bored line and main-shaft axis angles.(15) the spindle hole sectional area is slightly larger than the long-pending summation (23) of (3) winding removal cross-section, (24), (25), (26) commutator working face fineness and is 8 test radially, axial runout is less than 0.02 on main shaft.(3) winding leading-out wire 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 enters (15) axle centre bore and goes out from (35) wire hole successively from (8) through wires hole successively respectively, is connected with (24) commutator pole piece, (30) binding post jack per line respectively; (23) the commutator pole piece is connected with (24) commutator pole piece jack per line.Simultaneously from (3) winding leading-out wire 5 successively in the direction of the clock branch line 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 ', 10 ', 11 ', 12 ', 13 ', 14 ', 15 ', 16 ', 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ' be connected with (26) commutator pole piece jack per line.(26) the commutator pole piece is connected with (25) commutator pole piece jack per line.
4. the mercury cell manufacture method is characterized in that adopting plastic warp injection molding machine, mold injection molding, possesses perspective function.(34) embed before the injection moulding of conduction semi-ring.
5. the commutator manufacture method is characterized in that (23), (24), (25), (26) just are being considered as circle, and side-looking is rhombus, adopts plastics, injection molding machine, mold injection molding.(29) the pole piece material is Tun copper, at the equal Fabric of commutator circumferential surface, embeds before injection moulding, and the fineness of commutator working face is
Figure FSA00000623480400031
8.
6. according to claim 1, extinguishing arc liquid, powder q on mercury brush P, thickness is: δ 〉=R+S.
7. according to claim 1, (3) winding equalizer is characterised in that: the 1st of first kind equalizer (24) commutator pole piece is connected with the 9th of (26) commutator pole piece; (23) the 5th of commutator pole piece is connected with the 13rd of (25) commutator pole piece;
Second kind equalizer does not connect.
CN2011103833634A 2011-11-16 2011-11-16 Mercury brush commutator direct-current rotary motor and manufacturing method Pending CN103117634A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107607868A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-19 Tcl瑞智(惠州)制冷设备有限公司 A kind of compressor stator wire length experimental apparatus for testing and method
CN109004635A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-14 国网辽宁省电力有限公司盘锦供电公司 Spring opens and closes arc arrester

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3443134A (en) * 1965-03-09 1969-05-06 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Homopolar dynamoelectric machine
CN2248368Y (en) * 1996-01-17 1997-02-26 上海宇联电子有限公司 Rotary electronic luminotron display screen
RO118041B1 (en) * 1996-11-25 2002-12-30 Ion Androne Universal motor
CN1309148C (en) * 2003-08-29 2007-04-04 株式会社电装 Method of manufacturing armature of rotary electric machine and armature manufactured by the method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3443134A (en) * 1965-03-09 1969-05-06 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Homopolar dynamoelectric machine
CN2248368Y (en) * 1996-01-17 1997-02-26 上海宇联电子有限公司 Rotary electronic luminotron display screen
RO118041B1 (en) * 1996-11-25 2002-12-30 Ion Androne Universal motor
CN1309148C (en) * 2003-08-29 2007-04-04 株式会社电装 Method of manufacturing armature of rotary electric machine and armature manufactured by the method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107607868A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-19 Tcl瑞智(惠州)制冷设备有限公司 A kind of compressor stator wire length experimental apparatus for testing and method
CN109004635A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-14 国网辽宁省电力有限公司盘锦供电公司 Spring opens and closes arc arrester
CN109004635B (en) * 2018-07-18 2024-05-17 国网辽宁省电力有限公司盘锦供电公司 Spring switching arc extinguisher

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