CN103115642B - Optical fiber strain and temperature simultaneous calibration device and method based on Brillouin scattering - Google Patents
Optical fiber strain and temperature simultaneous calibration device and method based on Brillouin scattering Download PDFInfo
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- CN103115642B CN103115642B CN201310022704.4A CN201310022704A CN103115642B CN 103115642 B CN103115642 B CN 103115642B CN 201310022704 A CN201310022704 A CN 201310022704A CN 103115642 B CN103115642 B CN 103115642B
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Abstract
The invention discloses to the technical field of distribution-type optical fiber sensing measurement, in particular to an optical fiber strain and temperature simultaneous calibration device and a method based on Brillouin scattering. The optical fiber strain and temperature simultaneous calibration device comprises optical fiber Brillouin sensing measurement equipment, a shockproof support frame, a metal pipe and constant-temperature equipment. According to the method, the metal pipe with large and stable linear expansion coefficient is adopted to manufacture the strain calibration device, and the position of an optical fiber is accurately controlled by curving a thread on the outer wall of the metal pipe. Due to the characteristic that the optical fiber on the metal pipe bears strain and temperature at the same time, and the loose optical fiber only bears temperature, the temperature and the strain are calibrated simultaneously. The constant-temperature equipment is used for applying accurate and controllable strain and temperature on the optical fiber and the loose optical fiber on the metal pipe, and calibration of the strain of the optical fiber and temperature coefficient is carried out by means of detailed calibration steps. By means of the strain and temperature high-accuracy simultaneous calibration device and the method of the optical fiber Brillouin sensor, the problems of high strain calibration error and low efficiency of strain and temperature calibration are resolved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distributing optical fiber sensing field of measuring technique, particularly a kind of fibre strain based on Brillouin scattering and temperature caliberating device and method simultaneously.
Background technology
Distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing utensil has distributed, long distance, not by electromagnetic interference, adapts to the advantages such as adverse circumstances, this technology can the feature of simultaneously monitor strain and temperature with it, more and more receive the concern of researcher and user, be applied to the fields such as building, electric power, oil, aviation, security protection gradually.In concrete research and engineering practice, optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology using common communications single-mode fiber as sensor information, along fiber axis to strain information relevant with the basic parameter of single-mode fiber with temperature information.Because the material of different single-mode fiber is different with production technology, the basic parameter of different manufacturers, different model, different sheath material single-mode fiber there are differences, therefore, using single-mode fiber as before distributed sensing fiber, must demarcate.Optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology realize strain and the Measurement accuracy of temperature be by Brillouin frequency shifts strain and temperature coefficient Accurate Calibration based on.
At present, the method for demarcating optical fiber temperature coefficient is generally that the sensor fibre sample fibre of certain length is loosely put into thermostat, by controlling thermostat, applies temperature to sample fibre.As long as ensure that the temperature-controlled precision of thermostat just can realize high-precision temperature calibration higher than sensor fibre certainty of measurement order of magnitude.
A kind of method of demarcating the optical fiber coefficient of strain adopts cantilever beam structure.Optical fiber to be calibrated is fixed on cantilever beam on the surface by this scaling method, by bending cantilever beam, strain is applied to optical fiber, the strain of recycling cantilever beam arbitrfary point is by the amount of deflection of this point, cross-sectional width and the principle that obtains apart from stiff end distance, calculate the strain of cantilever beam, and then obtain the strain of optical fiber.Completely the same in order to ensure the distortion of optical fiber and cantilever beam, sensor fibre closely must be pasted onto the surface of beam, and close contact is difficult to realize completely.And the spatial resolution of optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology is generally all greater than 1 meter, this just requires that cantilever beam has certain length.If reduce cantilever beam length by the bending coiling of optical fiber, then can produce strain and apply uneven problem.In addition, adopting cantilever beam to demarcate can only carry out in atmosphere, although there is temperature-compensating measure, is difficult to the uniformity ensureing temperature everywhere in air, causes the further increase straining calibrated error.
The another kind of method of demarcating the optical fiber coefficient of strain is the mode adopting fixed pulley.By optical fiber around on the fixed pulley fixed, by applying the demarcation of the counterweight controlled strain of Different Weight in optical fiber one end, by increasing the number of fixed pulley and the distance of pulley room, increase the length that optical fiber is demarcated in strain.Although the method adds the length of demarcating optical fiber, the increase of demarcating space makes the temperature homogeneity of optical fiber each point be deteriorated, and causes calibrated error to increase.In addition, the lateral pressure of will bear other position optical fiber with the optical fiber of pulley contact and do not have, brings inhomogeneities error also to strain demarcation.
Therefore, invent a kind of new scaling method, ensure the environment temperature uniformity that strain is demarcated, the uniformity, the larger calibrated length that strain applying, very necessary to optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology.
The present invention proposes a kind of fibre strain based on Brillouin scattering and temperature caliberating device and method simultaneously, solves that strain calibrated error is large, strain and the inefficient problem of temperature calibration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing device strain demarcate by environment temperature inconsistent, strain apply uneven, the limited calibrated error that causes of calibrated length is large, strain and temperature calibration can not carry out causing demarcating inefficient problem simultaneously, propose a kind of fibre strain based on Brillouin scattering and temperature caliberating device and method simultaneously.
Based on fibre strain and the temperature caliberating device simultaneously of Brillouin scattering, this device comprises optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device, it is characterized in that, also comprises quakeproof bracket, metal tube and thermostatic equipment, wherein,
Described optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device is positioned over outside thermostatic equipment, is used for measuring the Brillouin frequency shifts of optical fiber to be calibrated;
Described quakeproof bracket, for placing optical fiber to be calibrated, preventing optical fiber to be calibrated be subject to External force interference and occur additional strain, ensureing an optical fiber to be calibrated bearing temperature;
Described metal tube, outer wall is provided with the screw thread being wound around optical fiber to be calibrated, ensures that optical fiber to be calibrated bears uniform strain when metal tube thermal expansion;
Described quakeproof bracket and metal tube are independently positioned in thermostatic equipment;
Described thermostatic equipment works in N number of temperature spot, ensures that optical fiber to be calibrated bears controlled temperature and strain, and wherein, N is setting value.
The external diameter of described metal tube is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter to be calibrated, and metal tube thickness is greater than 2 millimeters; The outer surface thread recess width of described metal tube equals the external diameter of optical fiber to be calibrated, and the degree of depth equals the half of fibre external diameters to be calibrated, and the pitch of screw thread is greater than the external diameter of optical fiber to be calibrated.
Described quakeproof bracket is stainless steel, has 3 legs, and the supporting surface of support circlewise, is equipped with the baffle plate stopping optical fiber landing to be calibrated outward, and annular diameters is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter to be calibrated, and inner and outer ring diameter difference is greater than 2 centimetres.
Based on fibre strain and the temperature scaling method simultaneously of Brillouin scattering, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: by Optical Fiber Winding to be calibrated on metal tube, and be fixed, the slack optical fiber simultaneously reserving certain length is placed on quakeproof bracket;
First, select preseting length optical fiber to be calibrated, its one end is fixed on the lower end of metal tube, then with the stretching optical fiber to be calibrated of constant force, and rotate metal tube evenly, make optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube along the thread groove of metal tube like this, when the coiling number of turns reaches the optical fiber to be calibrated setting coiling number of turns, stop operating metal tube, and be fixed on metal tube tube wall by the optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube; Secondly, the number of turn is determined in the fiber slack domain winding to be calibrated be not wrapped on metal tube, and bending diameter is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter to be calibrated, lies on quakeproof bracket; Finally, the other end of optical fiber to be calibrated is received optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device from quakeproof bracket extraction;
Step 2: optical fiber to be calibrated is put into thermostatic equipment, controls temperature that optical fiber to be calibrated bears and strain;
The quakeproof bracket of the lax optical fiber to be calibrated of metal tube and placement being wound with optical fiber to be calibrated in step 1 is put into thermostatic equipment simultaneously, temperature-controlled precision in a described thermostatic equipment order of magnitude at least higher than the precision of optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device, control the temperature of thermostatic equipment, make the difference of the temperature in thermostatic equipment steady operation in N number of temperature spot; On each temperature spot, treat demarcation optical fiber with optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device and carry out measuring and record;
Step 3: strain and the temperature coefficient demarcation of carrying out optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement according to measurement data, process is as follows:
(1) control thermostatic equipment work in N number of temperature spot T=[T (1), T (2), T (3) ..., T (N)], wherein N be greater than 5 integer; Record N number of temperature spot place respectively, be placed on the Brillouin frequency shifts v of the optical fiber to be calibrated on quakeproof bracket
bT=[v
bT(1), v
bT(2), v
bT(3) ..., v
bT(N) the Brillouin frequency shifts v of optical fiber to be calibrated on metal tube], is wrapped in
bS=[v
bS(1), v
bS(2), v
bS(3) ..., v
bS(N)];
(2) the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v that optical fiber to be calibrated that each temperature spot place is placed on quakeproof bracket is caused by variations in temperature is defined
bT(n)=v
bT(n)-v
bT(1) fibre strain to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube that, each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion changes the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v caused
bS(n)=v
bS(n)-v
bS(1)-△ v
bT(n), temperature variation △ T (n)=T (the n)-T (1) at each temperature spot place, fibre strain variable quantity △ ε (n) to be calibrated=C be wrapped on metal tube that each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion
m× △ T (n), wherein, 1≤n≤N, C
mit is the linear expansion coefficient of metal tube;
(3) by least square method to △ v
bTn () and △ T (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the temperature coefficient C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
vT; By least square method to △ v
bSn () and △ ε (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the coefficient of strain C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
v ε;
(4) the prestrain value ε of optical fiber during T (1) temperature on metal tube is calculated
0=(v
bS(1)-v
bT(1))/C
v ε;
Step 4: when actual measurement, according to the Brillouin frequency shifts v that optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device is measured
bthe strain stress and the temperature T that calculate sensor fibre are:
ε=ε
0+(v
B-v
BS(1))/C
vε，
T=T(1)+(v
B-v
BT(1))/C
vT。
Described being fixed on by the optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube metal tube tube wall adopts marine glue to paste mode fix.
Described optical fiber to be calibrated is wrapped on metal tube along the thread groove of metal tube, optical fiber to be calibrated is made at least on metal tube, to be wound around more than 1 circle, the constant force applied during winding should be less than 1/50th of optical fiber ultimate tension to be calibrated, with uniform application lubricant on optical fiber to be calibrated in thread groove.
Be placed on the twice that fiber lengths to be calibrated on quakeproof bracket and the fiber lengths to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube all should be greater than timing signal optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device spatial resolution setting value.
In step 2 on each temperature spot, the temperature stabilization duration more than 5 minutes after, then carry out measuring and record.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1, strain is demarcated and carried out in thermostat, ensure that the uniformity of environment temperature is demarcated in strain, decreases calibrated error; 2, optical fiber is evenly wound on threaded metal tube outer wall with constant force, ensure that the uniformity that strain applies; 3, by design suitable metal tube external diameter and thread turns, can the controlled strain length of demarcating flexibly, the strain realizing various length of fibre is demarcated; 4, strain and temperature calibration carry out simultaneously, improve demarcation efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is metal tube size and optical fiber winding method schematic diagram to be calibrated;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of optical fiber to be calibrated winding method on metal tube;
Fig. 3 is the overall structure schematic diagram of this device;
Wherein, 1-optical fiber to be calibrated; 2-metal tube; 3-thermostatic equipment; 4-quakeproof bracket; 5-optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further:
1, select the trade mark to be the stainless steel tube of 1Cr18Ni9, its linear expansion coefficient is that 15.5um/m*k(is within the scope of 20 ~ 100 DEG C), determine that metal tube external diameter is 80mm, pipe thickness 4mm.Outer wall evenly carves the screw thread of groove width 125um, groove depth 62.5um, pitch 200um, as shown in Figure 1.
2, be fixed on metal tube outer wall with marine glue by the optical fiber to be calibrated at distance end 2.5m place, fixed position should on the groove extension line of screw thread, to ensure uniform force.From fixed position, be wound around the optical fiber to be calibrated of 2m along thread groove on metal pipe-wall with constant force, and the end marine glue of the optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube is fixed on metal tube tube wall.For ensureing to be wound around with constant force, needing the vaseline oil smearing lubricate in groove, in addition, producing constant force with 10g counterweight, realize optical fiber coiling to be calibrated by uniform rotation metal tube, as shown in Figure 2.In addition, after the optical fiber to be calibrated be not wrapped on metal tube is drawn, stay the optical fiber to be calibrated that 2m is long, its lax coiling is placed on quakeproof bracket, and bending diameter is greater than 80mm.The optical fiber to be calibrated be not placed on quakeproof bracket is reserved 0.5m length to receive on optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device.
3, the quakeproof bracket of the lax optical fiber to be calibrated of metal tube and placement being wound around optical fiber to be calibrated is put into water bath with thermostatic control simultaneously, allow the two keep certain distance, make it influence each other, as shown in Figure 3.The temperature-controlled precision of water bath with thermostatic control is 0.1 DEG C.
4, demarcate according to the following steps:
(1) controlling water bath with thermostatic control makes its difference steady operation in 8 temperature spot T=[20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90] DEG C.Record 8 temperature spot places respectively, the Brillouin frequency shifts v in slack optical fiber
bT=[v
bT(1), v
bT(2), v
bT(3) ..., v
bT(8)], the Brillouin frequency shifts v of optical fiber on metal tube
bS=[v
bS(1), v
bS(2), v
bS(3) ..., v
bS(8)].
(2) the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v that optical fiber to be calibrated that each temperature spot place is placed on quakeproof bracket is caused by variations in temperature is defined
bT(n)=v
bT(n)-v
bT(1) fibre strain to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube that, each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion changes the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v caused
bS(n)=v
bS(n)-v
bS(1)-△ v
bT(n), temperature variation △ T (n)=T (n) the – T (1) at each temperature spot place, fibre strain variable quantity △ ε (n) to be calibrated=C be wrapped on metal tube that each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion
m× △ T (n), wherein, 1≤n≤8, C
m=15.5um/m*k is the linear expansion coefficient of metal tube.
(3) by least square method to △ v
bTn () and △ T (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the temperature coefficient C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
vT; By least square method to △ v
bSn () and △ ε (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the coefficient of strain C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
v ε.
(4) the prestrain value ε of optical fiber when calculating on metal tube 20 DEG C
0=(v
bS(1)-v
bT(1))/C
v ε.
5, when actual measurement, according to the Brillouin frequency shifts v that optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device is measured
bthe strain stress and the temperature T that calculate optical fiber to be calibrated are:
ε=ε
0+(v
B-v
BS(1))/C
vε，
T=T(1)+(v
B-v
BT(1))/C
vT。
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention; any those skilled in the art; when not departing from the technology of the present invention essence; the any amendment done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1., based on fibre strain and the temperature caliberating device simultaneously of Brillouin scattering, this device comprises optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device, it is characterized in that, also comprises quakeproof bracket, metal tube and thermostatic equipment, wherein,
Described optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device is positioned over outside thermostatic equipment, is used for measuring the Brillouin frequency shifts of optical fiber to be calibrated;
Described quakeproof bracket, for placing optical fiber to be calibrated, preventing optical fiber to be calibrated be subject to External force interference and occur additional strain, ensureing an optical fiber to be calibrated bearing temperature;
Described metal tube, outer wall is provided with the screw thread being wound around optical fiber to be calibrated, ensures that optical fiber to be calibrated bears uniform strain when metal tube thermal expansion;
Described quakeproof bracket and metal tube are independently positioned in thermostatic equipment;
Described thermostatic equipment works in N number of temperature spot, ensures that optical fiber to be calibrated bears controlled temperature and strain, and wherein, N is setting value.
2. a kind of fibre strain based on Brillouin scattering and temperature caliberating device simultaneously according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the external diameter of described metal tube is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter to be calibrated, and metal tube thickness is greater than 2 millimeters; The outer surface thread recess width of described metal tube equals the external diameter of optical fiber to be calibrated, and the degree of depth equals the half of fibre external diameters to be calibrated, and the pitch of screw thread is greater than the external diameter of optical fiber to be calibrated.
3. a kind of fibre strain based on Brillouin scattering and temperature caliberating device simultaneously according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quakeproof bracket is stainless steel, there are 3 legs, the supporting surface of support circlewise, be equipped with the baffle plate stopping optical fiber landing to be calibrated outward, annular diameters is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter to be calibrated, and inner and outer ring diameter difference is greater than 2 centimetres.
4., based on fibre strain and the temperature scaling method simultaneously of Brillouin scattering, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: by Optical Fiber Winding to be calibrated on metal tube, and be fixed, the slack optical fiber simultaneously reserving certain length is placed on quakeproof bracket;
First, select preseting length optical fiber to be calibrated, its one end is fixed on the lower end of metal tube, then with the stretching optical fiber to be calibrated of constant force, and rotate metal tube evenly, make optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube along the thread groove of metal tube, when the coiling number of turns reaches the optical fiber to be calibrated setting coiling number of turns, stop operating metal tube, and be fixed on metal tube tube wall by the optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube; Secondly, the number of turn is determined in the fiber slack domain winding to be calibrated be not wrapped on metal tube, and bending diameter is greater than 2.5 times of optical fiber minimum bend diameter, lies on quakeproof bracket; Finally, the other end of optical fiber to be calibrated is received optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device from quakeproof bracket extraction;
Step 2: optical fiber to be calibrated is put into thermostatic equipment, controls temperature that optical fiber to be calibrated bears and strain;
The quakeproof bracket of the lax optical fiber to be calibrated of metal tube and placement being wound with optical fiber to be calibrated in step 1 is put into thermostatic equipment simultaneously, temperature-controlled precision in a described thermostatic equipment order of magnitude at least higher than the precision of optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device, control the temperature of thermostatic equipment, make the difference of the temperature in thermostatic equipment steady operation in N number of temperature spot; On each temperature spot, treat demarcation optical fiber with optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device and carry out measuring and record;
Step 3: strain and the temperature coefficient demarcation of carrying out optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement according to measurement data, process is as follows:
(1) control thermostatic equipment work in N number of temperature spot T=[T (1), T (2), T (3) ..., T (N)], wherein N be greater than 5 integer; Record N number of temperature spot place respectively, be placed on the Brillouin frequency shifts v of the optical fiber to be calibrated on quakeproof bracket
bT=[v
bT(1), v
bT(2), v
bT(3) ..., v
bT(N) the Brillouin frequency shifts v of optical fiber to be calibrated on metal tube], is wrapped in
bS=[v
bS(1), v
bS(2), v
bS(3) ..., v
bS(N)];
(2) the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v that optical fiber to be calibrated that each temperature spot place is placed on quakeproof bracket is caused by variations in temperature is defined
bT(n)=v
bT(n)-v
bT(1) fibre strain to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube that, each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion changes the Brillouin frequency shifts variable quantity △ v caused
bS(n)=v
bS(n)-v
bS(1)-△ v
bT(n), temperature variation △ T (n)=T (n) the – T (1) at each temperature spot place, fibre strain variable quantity △ ε (n) to be calibrated=C be wrapped on metal tube that each temperature spot place is brought by metal tube thermal expansion
m× △ T (n), wherein, 1≤n≤N, C
mit is the linear expansion coefficient of metal tube;
(3) by least square method to △ v
bTn () and △ T (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the temperature coefficient C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
vT; By least square method to △ v
bSn () and △ ε (n) carry out linear fit, obtain the coefficient of strain C of optical fiber Brillouin scattering frequency displacement
v ε;
(4) the prestrain value ε of optical fiber during T (1) temperature on metal tube is calculated
0=(v
bS(1)-v
bT(1))/C
v ε;
Step 4: when actual measurement, according to the Brillouin frequency shifts v that optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device is measured
bthe strain stress and the temperature T that calculate sensor fibre are:
ε＝ε
0+(v
B-v
BS(1))/C
vε，
T＝T(1)+(v
B-v
BT(1))/C
vT。
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described being fixed on metal tube tube wall by the optical fiber to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube adopts marine glue bonding method to fix.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber to be calibrated is wrapped on metal tube along the thread groove of metal tube, optical fiber to be calibrated is made at least on metal tube, to be wound around 1 circle, the constant force applied during winding should be less than 1/50th of optical fiber ultimate tension to be calibrated, with uniform application lubricant on optical fiber to be calibrated in thread groove.
7. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, be placed on the twice that fiber lengths to be calibrated on quakeproof bracket and the fiber lengths to be calibrated be wrapped on metal tube all should be greater than timing signal optical fiber Brillouin sensing device measurement device spatial resolution setting value.
8. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step 2 on each temperature spot, the temperature stabilization duration more than 5 minutes after, then carry out measuring and record.
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