CN103114956B - Current stabilization making-up air device reduces the method for draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude - Google Patents
Current stabilization making-up air device reduces the method for draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN103114956B CN103114956B CN201210524583.9A CN201210524583A CN103114956B CN 103114956 B CN103114956 B CN 103114956B CN 201210524583 A CN201210524583 A CN 201210524583A CN 103114956 B CN103114956 B CN 103114956B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that current stabilization making-up air device reduces draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude, this is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated.It is characterized in that: change conventional stabilier structure the structure with characteristics of streamline into, the elimination circulation that conventional stabilier has, the effect weakening eccentric vortex rope can be played, and the structure of characteristics of streamline makes it more solid and reliable, solve conventional stabilier often by the problem washed out; By arranging five apertures on apparatus of the present invention wall, change traditional single macropore tonifying Qi into multiple aperture tonifying Qi, this mode can form multiple air-spray, thus more effectively breaks up draft tube vortex rope, realizes the effect reducing amplitude of pressure fluctuation.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method that current stabilization making-up air device reduces draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude.
Background technique:
Water turbine critical piece comprises spiral case (1), water distributor (2), runner (3) and draft tube etc., as shown in Figure 1, wherein draft tube is made up of Taper Pipe (4), ell (5) and diffuser (6) three part, draft tube is the vitals of reaction turbine, the quality of draft tube performance, directly have influence on efficiency and the stability of water turbine, it act as:
1. guide the current at outlet of rotary wheel place into downstream;
2. utilize the downstream water surface to the depth displacement at outlet of rotary wheel place, form the static force vacuum at outlet of rotary wheel place;
3. utilize the water flow dynamic energy of outlet of rotary wheel, convert thereof into the power vacuum into outlet of rotary wheel place.
Hydraulic turbine operation stability is one of difficult point of Design of Hydraulic Turbine always, can be divided into hydraulic stability and non-hydraulic stability by its reason difference, and the stability of non-waterpower reason is mainly attributed to mechanical reason, electromagnetic reason etc.The general more complicated of reason that hydraulic stability is relevant, mainly contain four aspects: the separation of flow near Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube, labyrinth ring pressure pulsation, karman vortex and exit edge of blade, wherein Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube is one of topmost waterpower reason of unit vibration.
The power of a water turbine generation equals the change of current by the moment of momentum of runner.When running at best efficiency point, the water flowing value square in draft tube is zero in theory, does not namely usually have moment of momentum.During sub load, the current flowing into draft tube have the circular rector identical with runner sense of rotation; When overburdening, then direction is contrary.After flowing through runner, the rotation of water is just the main cause that non-peak efficiency operating point efficiency reduces.When hydraulic turbine operation is near best efficiency point, the current entering draft tube just have moment of momentum.The moment of momentum of rotary wheel of water turbine outlet vortex equals the moment that runner import moment deducts runner generation, that is:
Runner inlet angle momentum can be approximately:
Ω
1＝ρQ
2Rsinα/(BNS) (2)
Water turbine unit parameter power, flow and rotating speed are:
Draft tube import circular rector can be expressed by following formula:
In formula, D is runner diameter; D1 is runner nominal diameter; Ω
2for entering the moment of momentum of draft tube; Ω
1for entering the moment of momentum of runner; For runner rotating speed; B is guide vane height; N is stator number; P is the power that runner sends; R is the radius of guide vane opening center line; S is the minimum width of gate vane channel; α is the angle of current vector and radius R.
The left side item of formula (4) is vortex rope parameter, represents the relative circular rector entering draft tube current, and this is the determinant factor determining draft tube fluidised form and pressure pulsation.
Through long-term technical development and researcher to the continuous understanding of Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube formation mechenism, people recognize that annular liquid flow at the runner exit is draft tube vortex rope Producing reason gradually, and draft tube vortex rope is the reason producing Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube, in view of such understanding, the feature for Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube defines the method that draft tube tonifying Qi and draft tube add all control Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube of stabilier two.
One, draft tube tonifying Qi: in order to the draft tube vibration reducing pressure pulsation and caused by it, and in order under some operating conditions of Francis turbine, destroy the vacuum of draft tube, often tonifying Qi is carried out to runner district, in most of the cases, tonifying Qi can produce favorable influence to water turbine work, and dynamic load reduces, and the vacuum below runner reduces.
Supplementing method for air has two classes; One is nature tonifying Qi, and when the pressure of draft tube can adopt this class lower than during barometric pressure, but this way air compensation is often difficult to control.Two is that namely forced air supply sends into air with press machine or Jet injector to draft tube, and this adopts more one at present, when the pressure of draft tube near-wall just must use this class higher than during barometric pressure.It can cover different tolerance, to keep effectiveness in vibration suppression and to be in optimum state to the impact of unit operation efficiency according to operating mode difference.
Tonifying Qi position is normally in right cone section.Deeply more required air compensations are fewer to facts have proved the tonifying Qi mouth of pipe, and effect is more remarkable.The tonifying Qi mouth of pipe is more poorer close to tube wall effect, and air compensation is larger.This is because the effect of rotary water current centrifugal force, the air filled into not easily enters vortex core and by current band to downstream.Test shows, the tonifying Qi mouth of pipe gos deep into center very much, exceed radius about 70% then effect improve just very not remarkable.In order to increase the intensity of blowdown pipe, the tonifying Qi shelf structure adopting cross-bar-shaped at present more.
But tonifying Qi measure also has its disadvantageous one side.Under accidental conditions, output of hydraulic turbine can reduce, sometimes runner pressure pulsation below instead can increase, and tonifying Qi can cause the increase of runaway speed, in addition, although the tonifying Qi shelf structure of cross-bar-shaped reduces pressure pulsation successful, under the effect of high-velocity flow, normal being destroyed even is washed out, and affects hydraulic turbine operation.
Two, draft tube adds stabilier: because the basic reason producing eccentric vortex rope is that outlet of rotary wheel current have circular rector to exist.Therefore eliminate circulation by the way added every stabilier, thus to eliminate or to weaken eccentric vortex rope be usually effective.Stabilier roughly has following a few class: one is add at draft cone section (4) import position to put cross partition; Two is add at right cone section import tube wall to put guide plate; Three is add to put guide plate before and after curved elbow section (5).Facts have proved, the way adding guide plate has certain effect to improving vibration, but it produces some adverse influences to the operation of unit sometimes: as efficiency reduces, optimum operating condition district change etc.The selecting the characteristic for unit and determine of the shape and size of guide plate, the guide plate filling bad is easily washed out, and Taper Pipe wall is torn in serious meeting, brings about great losses to power station.
Summary of the invention: the object of the invention is to openly a kind of current stabilization making-up air device and reduce the method for draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude, this is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated, apparatus of the present invention have stabilier and tonifying Qi two kinds of functions concurrently, can realize by less air compensation effective pilot pressure pulsation amplitude.Technological scheme of the present invention is: realize controlling draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude by optimizing draft tube making-up air device, this is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated, the concrete structure of this draft tube making-up air device is: this device is symplex structure, its profile is streamlined, this device wall is arranged five through holes (8) with same diameter, the axis in hole is on device symmetry plane, and be parallel to each other, the spacing of adjacent holes is identical, this through hole (8) is 1:25 with the area ratio in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11), this device need be arranged on Taper Pipe (4) inwall, with Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) conbined usage, amount to four groups, concrete use flow process is:
1. processing Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) in the assigned position of Taper Pipe wall is four;
2. processing current stabilization making-up air device (10) is four;
3. by this current stabilization making-up air device (10) corresponding Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) position bedding-in at Taper Pipe (4) inwall, require fitting surface (9) sealing, require the axis of through hole (8) on this device and the axis co-planar in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11);
4. install fixing by being equipped with the Taper Pipe of current stabilization making-up air device and base ring (7) and ell (5);
5. at pressure pulsation point position (12) setting pressure fluctuation sensor;
6. start vacuum pump;
7. Boot Model water turbine and power measurer, arranges rotating speed and head;
8. close tail tank valve, open vacuum-pumping valve;
9. carry out tonifying Qi by Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11);
10., under the unit speed that the characteristic head that 60% ~ 100% maximum opening, power station are given is corresponding, the pressure being changed tail tank by vacuum pump evacuation changes cavitation coefficient, cavitation factor, Toma coefficient, when target cavitation coefficient, stops vacuumizing;
11. stable operations 60 seconds;
12. gather pressure pulsation data by pressure pulsation sensor;
13. carry out data processing, analyze pressure pulsation;
14. tests are complete, and tail tank is exitted, and the rotating speed of model turbine and power measurer is reduced to zero, shut down, and close vacuum pump, closing operation platform general power.
The present invention is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated, the present invention changes the conventional A type stabilier structure shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 into the structure with characteristics of streamline shown in Fig. 4, this structure can play the current stabilization effect that conventional stabilier has, eliminate circulation to a certain extent, and then eliminate or weaken eccentric vortex rope, realize decay pressure pulsation.Simultaneously because apparatus of the present invention relative A type structure constant-current stabilizer increases the area of contact with Taper Pipe wall, when unit area surface of contact can bear maximum thrust identical, make apparatus of the present invention relative more firm with the increase of Taper Pipe wall area of contact.In addition, from fluid mechanics Perspective Analysis, the characteristics of streamline structure of apparatus of the present invention can weaken the circumferential alternation active force of fluid to stabilier relatively.From device reliability, than the A type stabilier of routine, structure of the present invention is more reliable rationally.
As shown in Figure 5, change the macropore tonifying Qi mode of routine into macropore in the present invention and be connected several aperture tonifying Qi modes, several air-sprays can be formed under the effect of Taper Pipe external and internal pressure difference like this, thus break up draft tube vortex rope, realize the control of pressure pulsation.And the air compensation of aperture tonifying Qi mode is less than the air compensation of conventional macropore tonifying Qi mode, in other words, than macropore tonifying Qi mode, aperture tonifying Qi mode can realize reaching with less air compensation the effect that the pilot pressure identical with macropore tonifying Qi mode pulse, and test proves that aperture tonifying Qi mode is more more obvious than conventional macropore tonifying Qi mode action effect.Meanwhile, because the present invention has the function of stabilier concurrently, the two ore control to pressure pulsation can be realized, thus more obvious to decay Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube effect.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is hydraulic turbine structure figure
Fig. 2 is A type guide plate plan view
Fig. 3 is A type guide plate plan view
Fig. 4 is current stabilization making-up air device structural drawing of the present invention
Fig. 5 is that current stabilization making-up air device of the present invention and Taper Pipe turn figure
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of method that current stabilization making-up air device reduces draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude, this is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated, apparatus of the present invention have stabilier and tonifying Qi two kinds of functions concurrently, can realize by less air compensation effective pilot pressure pulsation amplitude.Technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of current stabilization making-up air device reduces the method for draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude, the concrete structure of apparatus of the present invention is as shown in Figure 4: this device is symplex structure, its profile is streamlined, this device wall is arranged five through holes 8 with same diameter, the axis in hole is on device symmetry plane, and be parallel to each other, the spacing of adjacent holes is identical, it is 1:25 that this hole leads to 8 with the area ratio in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11, this device need be arranged on Taper Pipe (4) inwall, with Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11 conbined usage, amount to four groups, concrete use flow process is:
1. processing Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11 in the assigned position of Taper Pipe wall is four;
2. processing current stabilization making-up air device 10 is four;
3. by position, this current stabilization making-up air device 10 corresponding Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11 bedding-in at Taper Pipe 4 inwall, require that fitting surface 9 seals, require the axis of through hole 8 on this device and the axis co-planar in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11;
4. install fixing by being equipped with the Taper Pipe of current stabilization making-up air device and base ring 7 and ell 5;
5. at pressure pulsation point position 12 setting pressure fluctuation sensor;
6. start vacuum pump;
7. Boot Model water turbine and power measurer, arranges rotating speed and head;
8. close tail tank valve, open vacuum-pumping valve;
9. carry out tonifying Qi by Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole 11;
10. under the unit speed that 60% ~ 100% maximum opening, characteristic head are corresponding, the pressure being changed tail tank by vacuum pump evacuation changes cavitation coefficient, cavitation factor, Toma coefficient, when target cavitation coefficient, stopping vacuumizes, characteristic head: rated head, maximum head, minimum head, weight average head that power station is given;
11. stable operations 60 seconds;
12. gather pressure pulsation data by pressure pulsation sensor;
13. carry out data processing, analyze pressure pulsation;
14. tests are complete, and tail tank is exitted, and the rotating speed of model turbine and power measurer is reduced to zero, shut down, and close vacuum pump, closing operation platform general power.
Working principle: the method for conventional control pressure pulsation is draft tube tonifying Qi or adds stabilier at draft tube, the present invention changes the conventional stabilier structure shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 into the structure with characteristics of streamline shown in Fig. 4, this structure can play the current stabilization effect that conventional stabilier has, eliminate circulation to a certain extent, and then eliminate or weaken eccentric vortex rope, realize decay pressure pulsation.Simultaneously because apparatus of the present invention relative A type structure constant-current stabilizer increases the area of contact with Taper Pipe wall, when unit area surface of contact can bear maximum thrust identical, make apparatus of the present invention relative more firm with the increase of Taper Pipe wall area of contact.In addition, from fluid mechanics Perspective Analysis, the characteristics of streamline structure of apparatus of the present invention can weaken the circumferential alternation active force of fluid to stabilier relatively.From device reliability, than the A type stabilier of routine, structure of the present invention is more reliable rationally.
Change the macropore tonifying Qi mode of routine into macropore in the present invention as shown in Figure 5 and be connected several aperture tonifying Qi modes, several air-sprays can be formed under the effect of Taper Pipe external and internal pressure difference like this, thus break up draft tube vortex rope, realize the control of pressure pulsation.And the air compensation of aperture tonifying Qi mode is less than the air compensation of conventional macropore tonifying Qi mode, in other words, than macropore tonifying Qi mode, aperture tonifying Qi mode can realize reaching with less air compensation the effect that the pilot pressure identical with macropore tonifying Qi mode pulse, and test proves that aperture tonifying Qi mode is more more obvious than conventional macropore tonifying Qi mode action effect.Meanwhile, because the present invention has the function of stabilier concurrently, the two ore control to pressure pulsation can be realized, thus more obvious to decay Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube effect.
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out correlation model test, in the process of Zhou Ba water power plant Pulsation experimental study, test apparatus of the present invention and reducing the effect of Pressure Fluctuation in Draft Tube, content of the test and result as follows:
Zhou Ba installs in power station the HLA551-LJ-430 unit of 2 single-machine capacity 51MW, maximum head Hmax=50.9m, minimum head Hmin=31m, choose A551 runner, nominal diameter D1=4.3m, rated speed nr=125r/min, Hmax/Hr=1.34, head luffing is 43.6%, and rated head is on the low side, and the hydraulic stability of high head low-load can be very important.This tonifying Qi test takes two kinds of tonifying Qi modes and carries out comparative trial, is respectively: Taper Pipe wall nature tonifying Qi and adopt method tonifying Qi disclosed by the invention.
When adopting method disclosed by the invention to fill into air, fairly obvious to the amplitude of pressure fluctuation effect of cutting down various head, its action effect is obviously better than the tonifying Qi of Taper Pipe wall nature.Further, adopt the impact of method disclosed by the invention on efficiency less, approximately≤0.2%, in sum, the present invention can realize reducing amplitude of pressure fluctuation in practical engineering application.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a current stabilization making-up air device reduction draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude, it is characterized in that: realize controlling draft tube pressure pulsation amplitude by optimizing draft tube making-up air device, this is a kind of method tonifying Qi and stabilier two kinds being reduced the Hybrid mode pressure pulsation that pressure pulsation method integration is integrated, the concrete structure of this draft tube making-up air device is: this device is symplex structure, its profile is streamlined, this device wall is arranged five through holes (8) with same diameter, the axis in hole is on device symmetry plane, and be parallel to each other, the spacing of adjacent holes is identical, this through hole (8) is 1:25 with the area ratio in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11), this device need be arranged on Taper Pipe (4) inwall, with Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) conbined usage, amount to four groups, concrete use flow process is:
1) processing Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) in the assigned position of Taper Pipe wall is four;
2) processing current stabilization making-up air device (10) is four;
3) by this current stabilization making-up air device (10) corresponding Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11) position bedding-in at Taper Pipe (4) inwall, require fitting surface (9) sealing, require the axis of through hole (8) on this device and the axis co-planar in Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11);
4) install fixing by being equipped with the Taper Pipe of current stabilization making-up air device and base ring (7) and ell (5);
5) at pressure pulsation point position (12) setting pressure fluctuation sensor;
6) vacuum pump is started;
7) Boot Model water turbine and power measurer, arranges rotating speed and head;
8) close tail tank valve, open vacuum-pumping valve;
9) tonifying Qi is carried out by Taper Pipe wall tonifying Qi hole (11);
10) under the unit speed that the characteristic head that 60% ~ 100% maximum opening, power station are given is corresponding, the pressure being changed tail tank by vacuum pump evacuation changes cavitation coefficient, cavitation factor, Toma coefficient, when target cavitation coefficient, stops vacuumizing;
11) stable operation 60 seconds;
12) pressure pulsation data are gathered by pressure pulsation sensor;
13) carry out data processing, analyze pressure pulsation;
14) test complete, tail tank exit, the rotating speed of model turbine and power measurer is reduced to zero, shut down, close vacuum pump, closing operation platform general power.
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Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN104504970B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2017-03-22 | 北京理工大学 | Small-sized cavitation test device based on pressure control |
| CN106870248B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-03-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of hydraulic turbine draft cone makes a call to the determination method of 4 hole sites |
| CN108468312B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2023-05-26 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | High-head high-flow energy dissipation pressure reduction drainage system of long drainage power station |
| CN110886673B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-08 | 清华大学 | Draft tube and method for reducing water pressure pulsation and pressure gradient of water turbine |
| CN112100772B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2024-05-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Evaluation method for influence of air supplement on draft tube pressure pulsation and unit dynamic characteristics |
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