CN103108374A - Energy saving routing algorithm of composite structure mine emergency rescue wireless mesh network - Google Patents

Energy saving routing algorithm of composite structure mine emergency rescue wireless mesh network Download PDF

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CN103108374A
CN103108374A CN2013100339552A CN201310033955A CN103108374A CN 103108374 A CN103108374 A CN 103108374A CN 2013100339552 A CN2013100339552 A CN 2013100339552A CN 201310033955 A CN201310033955 A CN 201310033955A CN 103108374 A CN103108374 A CN 103108374A
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mesh
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state
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mesh terminal
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CN103108374B (en
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张玉
杨维
张海涛
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy saving routing algorithm of a composite structure mine emergency rescue wireless mesh network. The algorithm includes the following steps: step 1, node type information is set up; step 2: communication states of Mesh wireless terminals are divided into three types, namely, an 'interior' state, an 'edge' state and a 'repair' state; step 3, each Mesh terminal node maintains one Mesh backbone routing node list; and step 4, if the first Mesh terminal is found to be in the 'interior' state, the neighbor backbone routing nodes nearest to a gateway are selected to set up a route to the gateway directly according to information of the Mesh backbone routing node lists.

Description

A kind of energy-saving routing algorithm of mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network
Technical field
The present invention relates to networking technology area, relate in particular to a kind of energy-saving routing algorithm of mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network.
Background technology
Wireless mesh network is called again wireless Mesh netword, is a kind of wireless multi-hop relay network that can realize MANET, self-configuring.Wireless mesh network expansion does not rely on wired infrastructure, can quickly networking, have the application characteristics such as flexible, portable, that adaptive capacity to environment is strong, and be the advantage technology that builds colliery downhole emergency rescuing cordless communication network.Wherein, because its network path redundancy is high, have stronger transmission robustness based on the downhole emergency rescuing wireless mesh network that mixes netted web frame, become study hotspot.Based on the colliery downhole emergency rescuing wireless mesh web frame that mixes netted web frame as shown in Figure 1.
In based on the mine emergency management and rescue wireless Mesh netword that mixes netted web frame, the Wireless Mesh terminal is the same with Mesh backbone routing node has route forwarding function.Due to existing wireless mesh network route agreement diffServ network node type not, so the Wireless Mesh terminal needs the outer routing forwarding task of commitment on the basis of carrying out its application function, and this energy to the Wireless Mesh terminal configures and proposed high requirement.And in the downhole emergency rescuing scene, the energy reserve of wireless terminal device is lower, and the terminal energy consumption problem has seriously restricted the work duration of mine emergency management and rescue communication systems.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of routing algorithm, can under the prerequisite of the router efficiency that guarantees mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network, reduce the relaying energy consumption of the Wireless Mesh terminal in network based on this algorithm as far as possible.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of energy-saving routing algorithm of mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: node type information is set, is designated as T, and regulation T=1 represents the key routing node of Mesh, T=2 represents the Wireless Mesh terminal node;
Step 2: the communications status of Mesh wireless terminal is divided for three types, i.e. " inside " state, " edge " state and " reparation " state, described " inside " state refer to have in the communication range of Mesh terminal the situation of the key routing node that can reach gateway; Described " edge " state refers to not comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the scene of the key routing node of any Me s h; Described " reparation " state refers to comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the key routing node of Mesh, but these key routing nodes occured fault or with the situation of gateway disconnecting;
Step 3: each Mesh terminal node is safeguarded the key routing node list of a Mesh, this list records the address of the key routing node in current Mesh terminal communication scope, the term of validity and the jumping figure information that arrives gateway; If when the key routing node list of the Mesh of Mesh terminal is empty, illustrate that present node is " edge " state; If be not empty, and have the key routing neighbor node that can reach gateway, show that present node is " inside " state; Otherwise, illustrate that present node is in " reparation " state;
Step 4: if find that a Mesh terminal is in " inside " state, directly according to Mesh backbone routing node list information, select the neighbours key routing node nearest with gateway, set up the route of arrival gateway.
Further, as preferably, further comprising the steps of after described step 4:
If find that a Mesh terminal is in " edge " state, will start the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode, generate RREQ message and outwards broadcasting;
The 2nd Mesh terminal that receives this RREQ information checks local state, if check result is " inside " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then arrive the routing iinformation of gateway according to self, produce a RREP, and send to a Mesh terminal along reverse path; If check result is " edge " state or " reparation " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then the path weight value of Linktype is set, the path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, request type message, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence information, and the RREQ message after upgrading is outwards broadcasted.
Further, as preferably, further comprising the steps of after described step 4:
If find that a Mesh terminal is in " reparation " state, will start the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode, generate RREQ message and outwards broadcasting;
When if receiving node is the 2nd Mesh terminal, the 2nd Mesh terminal that receives this RREQ information checks local state, if check result is " inside " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then arrive the routing iinformation of gateway according to self, produce a RREP, and send to a Mesh terminal along reverse path; If check result is " edge " state or " reparation " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then the path weight value of Linktype is set, the path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, request type message, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence information, and the RREQ message after upgrading is outwards broadcasted;
When if receiving node is key routing node, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then information such as the path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence number, and the RREQ message after upgrading continues outwards broadcasting.
The present invention is by adopting the routing mechanism based on " state ", use probability and the broadcasting area of RREQ route request information have been reduced, reduced the energy expense of Mesh terminal for repeat broadcast RREQ message, reduced simultaneously the request of route discovery bandwidth cost in the network, increase router efficiency, improved throughput performance, stability and the real-time of network.
Description of drawings
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the following detailed description of reference, can more completely understand better the present invention and easily learn wherein many advantages of following, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, consist of a part of the present invention, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, do not consist of to improper restriction of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is based on the mine emergency management and rescue wireless network architecture figure that mixes netted web frame.
Fig. 2 (a) is the route discovery exemplary plot of " inside " state for the terminal communication state.
Fig. 2 (b) is the route discovery exemplary plot of " edge " state for the terminal communication state.
Fig. 2 (c) is the route discovery exemplary plot of " reparation " state for the terminal communication state.
Fig. 3 is the HELLO message format in the RAODV agreement.
Fig. 4 is the message format of RREQ in RAODV.
Fig. 5 is network throughput performance simulation curve.
Fig. 6 is network end-to-end delay performance simulation curve.
Embodiment
Describe with reference to Fig. 1-6 pair embodiments of the invention.
For above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The application characteristic of and gateway communication main according to wireless terminal in mine emergency management and rescue communication scenes, the present invention designs based on following application background:
● all Mesh terminals only communicate with gateway;
● adopt proactive routing protocol between the key routing node of Mesh and gateway, any key routing node regular maintenance arrives the routing iinformation of gateway.
Demand distance vector Routing Protocol (ad hoc on demand distance vector routing, AODV) be the most widely used Routing Protocol of wireless mesh network, and it is best to there are some researches show that this agreement is compared the transmission performances of Routing Protocol in the subsurface environment of colliery such as DSR, OLSR, accordingly, the present invention has adopted route discovery and the route repair pattern based on request-acknowledgement mechanism in the AODV Routing Protocol, and take the routing forwarding task that reduces the Wireless Mesh terminal as purpose, carried out concrete routing mechanism design, so the present invention is called again modified model
The AODV Routing Protocol is called for short the RAODV Routing Protocol.The basic routing principle of this agreement is as follows:
The present invention is according to the communications status of Wireless Mesh terminal, the communications status of any wireless terminal in mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network is divided for three types, i.e. " inside " state, " edge " state and " reparation " state are respectively as Fig. 2 (a), 2(b) and 2(c) as shown in.RAODV has defined the route discovery mode of Mesh terminal under different conditions on this basis.
" inside " state refers to have in the communication range of current Mesh terminal the situation of the key routing node that can reach gateway.At this moment, the Mesh terminal of employing ROADV will adopt the communication mode of similar ap mode, directly by key routing node access backbone transport network, then utilize the information interaction of the realization of backbone transport network and gateway.The method has been avoided carrying out route discovery by broadcast request message (Route Request, RREQ), thereby has reduced the repeat broadcast energy consumption of Mesh terminal to RREQ message.Terminal node S in Fig. 2 (a) namely is in " inside " state, and its path of adopting RAODV routing policy and gateway D foundation is as shown in solid arrow in figure, and as seen this path does not comprise the Mesh terminal node.
" edge " state refers to not comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the scene of the key routing node of any Mesh.At this moment, the Mesh terminal can't be directly by the key routing node access of Mesh backbone transport network, need enable the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode, outwards broadcast the RREQ request message, by accessing the backbone transport network by adjacent Wireless Mesh terminal.Be " edge " node as node S in Fig. 2 (b), under the RAODV strategy, it is broadcasting RREQ route requests outwards, when this request arrives Mesh terminal R, because R is in " inside " state, so R will stop RREQ being continued broadcasting, and return to S the transmission path that accesses the backbone transport network via it, the path of setting up at last is as shown in solid arrow in figure.
" reparation " state refers to comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the key routing node of Mesh, but these key routing nodes occured fault or with the situation of gateway disconnecting, as shown in Fig. 2 (c).At this moment, adopt the Mesh terminal of RAODV routing policy to enable equally based on the route repair of request-response mode machine-processed, outwards broadcast RREQ message, and source node S is returned to as final route in the minimum path of selection process Mesh terminal number in the path of finding, the final path of setting up is as shown in solid arrow in figure.
In order to realize the routing procedure under above-mentioned difference " state ", RAODV has carried out following improvement to the Routing Protocol content of AODV.
1. in order to make the routing procedure can the recognition node type, RAODV have introduced node type information in former AODV routing mechanism, be designated as T, and regulation T=1 represents the key routing node of Mesh, and T=2 represents the Wireless Mesh terminal node.
2. for the convenient communications status that obtains current Mesh terminal, RAODV has increased the key routing node list of Mesh on the basis of original neighbor list, and its data structure is as follows:
Figure BDA00002790501900071
Each Mesh terminal node is safeguarded the key routing node list of a Mesh, this list records the address of the key routing node in current Mesh terminal communication scope, the term of validity and the information such as jumping figure that arrive gateway.If when the key routing node list of the Mesh of current Mesh terminal is empty, illustrate that present node is " edge " state; If be not empty, and have the key routing neighbor node that can reach gateway, being indicated as present node is " inside " state; Otherwise, illustrate that present node is in " reparation " state.
3. the key routing node list of Mesh is safeguarded by HELLO message.AODV Central Plains HELLO message is not distinguished node type, and does not transmit the local jumping figure information that arrives gateway.In order to set up the key routing node list of Mesh, RAODV has taken out 2 bits and has been used for expression node type information in the reserved field of former HELLO message, as shown in Figure 3; Simultaneously, regulation is when T=1, and " jumping figure " field in HELLO message equals the local jumping figure that arrives gateway, thereby has realized node type and the transmission that arrives gateway jumping figure information in the situation that do not increase the HELLO data package size.When receiving the HELLO message of T=1, the Mesh terminal will be carried out according to information maintenance and the renewal of the key routing node list of local Mesh.
4. can identify different communication " state " for making based on the route discovery mechanisms of asking-replying, take out 8 bits in " reserved field " of RAODV in the RREQ of AODV message and be used for representing request type information rq_mode, as shown in Figure 4, and regulation rq_mode=0x00 represents " inside " state, rq_mode=0x01 represents " edge " state, and rq_mode=0x02 represents " reparation " state.When RREQ arrives a Mesh terminal node, will upgrade according to the state of this Mesh terminal its rq_mode value; When the RREQ message arrived a key routing node, its rq_mode value was constant.
5. can avoid using the Mesh terminal to carry out the route relaying in order to make based on the route finding process of request-response mode, RAODV has proposed the path weight value route criterion based on Linktype, be designated as rt_weight, the rt_weight that stipulates every backbone transport link equals 1/3, and the rt_weight of the non-backbone transport link that other are connected with the Mesh terminal equals 1.
6. for make RREQ message can identify the Linktype of process and record through the rt_weight value in path, RAODV has added sending node type T and two fields of rt_weight in addition in the RREQ of former AODV message, as shown in Figure 4.When the type of present node and the T field in RREQ all were shown as the key routing node of Mesh, the upper hop link that RREQ be described was the backbone transport link, and this seasonal rt_weight increases by 1/3, otherwise, make rt_weight increase by 1.By selecting the path of rt_weight value minimum, effectively reduced the Mesh terminal quantity that comprises in the data transfer path.In Fig. 2 (c), solid arrow and dotted arrow indicated respectively RAODV adopt rt_weight as the selected path of route criterion and AODV based on the selected path of jumping figure criterion, as shown in the figure, the Mesh terminal relay node in the transmission path has farthest been reduced in the selected path of RAODV.Thereby reduced the routing forwarding task of Mesh terminal in transfer of data, saved Mesh terminal energy.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 2, the specific implementation process of RAODV Routing Protocol of the present invention has been carried out concrete introduction.
Suppose in mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network, Mesh terminal S wishes to communicate with gateway D arbitrarily, but do not have the effective routing information that arrives D in the discovery local routing table, node S will check local state by checking the key routing node list of local Mesh this moment:
If find current " inside " state that self is in, this moment is routing node list information key according to Mesh directly, selects the neighbours key routing node nearest with gateway, sets up the route that arrives gateway, then information is uploaded to the backbone transport network.The transmission path of setting up in this case is as shown in Fig. 2 (a).
If find that this locality is in " edge " state or " reparation " state, will start the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode this moment, generate RREQ message and outwards broadcasting.
After arbitrary node in mine emergency management and rescue WMN receives this RREQ message, will carry out following operation.
1. check the rq mode of RREQ message.
If { rq_mode=0x01} shows that upper hop Wireless Mesh terminal node is in " edge " state, and the node that therefore receives RREQ only may be the Mesh terminal.The Mesh terminal that receives this RREQ information checks local state.If check result is " inside " state, carried out for the 2. step; If " edge " state or " reparation " state carried out for the 3. step.
If { rq_mode=0x02} shows that upper hop Mesh terminal node is in " reparation " state.At this moment, receiving node may be the Mesh terminal node, also may be key routing node.When if receiving node is the Mesh terminal, its processing mode with above-mentioned processing mode during rq_mode=0x01} is identical, and namely according to local state execution in step 2. or step 3.; When if receiving node is key routing node, carried out for the 4. step.
2. at first according to the reverse route of RREQ information updating local arrival source node S and upper hop node, then arrive the routing iinformation of gateway according to self, produce a RREP, and send to S along reverse path.
3. at first local according to the RREQ information updating reverse route that arrives source node S and upper hop node, then the information such as T, the rq_mode in local update RREQ message, jumping figure, rt_weight and relevant address sequence number, and the RREQ message after upgrading is outwards broadcasted.
4. at first local according to the RREQ information updating reverse route that arrives source node S and upper hop node, then the information such as the T in local update RREQ message, jumping figure, rt_weight and relevant address sequence number, key routing node does not upgrade rq_mode information, and the RREQ message after upgrading continues outwards broadcasting.
RAODV in comparison diagram 2 and the transmission path of AODV as can be known, the RAODV routing policy has successfully reduced the go down into a mine relay forwarding task of Mesh terminal in emergency management and rescue WMN network of Mesh terminal pattern, efficiently solves the Mesh terminal energy consumption problem under this pattern.And be not difficult to find, the deployment scale of mine emergency management and rescue WMN network is larger, and more Mesh terminals can avoid the outer RREQ broadcasting of commitment and to the routing forwarding task of packet, the power savings advantages of RADOV will be more obvious.Simulation result:
The transmission capacity of supposing the backbone transport network of mine emergency management and rescue wireless Mesh netword is C, and the traffic carrying capacity that the Mesh terminal produces is F.The transmission bandwidth that comprises the Mesh terminal based on the network capacity of the mine emergency management and rescue WMN of Mesh terminal pattern is so the whole volume of emergency management and rescue WMN will be higher than the transmission capacity C of backbone transport network.The AODV Routing Protocol is not distinguished node type, and therefore theoretically, AODV more can utilize the bandwidth resources of Mesh terminal fully than RAODV.But, in actual applications, utilize the W-URN throughput performance of RAODV lower than the throughput performance of the network that adopts AODV? for this problem, specially be provided with F in emulation〉two kinds of different communication scenes of C and F<C, comparative analysis as F the transmission performance of RAODV when C and F<C.Be the route recovery ability of checking RAODV, also be provided with the scene that any key routing node of 30 seconds moment breaks down in emulation.
Fig. 5 is the simulation result of the network throughput when adopting the RAODV Routing Protocol, result shows, as F〉during C, RAODV can't reduce the throughput performance of network because of avoiding using the Mesh terminal to carry out the route relaying, on the contrary, reduced the broadcast bandwidth expense of RREQ due to RAODV, compared AODV the throughput of mine emergency management and rescue wireless Mesh netword and transmission stability are improved;
Fig. 6 is the simulation result of the average end-to-end time delay of network when adopting the RAODV Routing Protocol.As shown in the figure, when F<C, there are the two obvious difference in place in the time lag curve of RAODV and AODV, namely AODV 0 second with 30 seconds constantly its time lag curve occurred twice and jumped on significantly.Carry out first the laggard walking along the street of route discovery and accident by the initial time of repairing with being respectively in 30 seconds in 0 second, and therefore should the jump time delay have reacted the routing convergence time of corresponding routing policy.By simulation result as can be known, the routing convergence time delay of RAODV will be well below AODV.The reason that this gap occurs is that the RREQ message of RAODV is mainly forwarded by the key routing node of Mesh, the complexity that the network complexity of Mesh backbone transport network is compared whole mine emergency management and rescue Mesh network reduces greatly, effectively reduced thus RREQ message in broadcasting process and route replies message is disturbed returning to the middle transmission that runs into, can be connected by Rapid Establishment thereby make between source node and destination node.
Simulation curve after 30 seconds in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 has shown the throughput of the network after key routing node breaks down and the simulation result of average end-to-end time delay.Simulation result shows, after accident occured, the transmission stability of RAODV was apparently higher than AODV, and especially when F<C, the recovery latency of RAODV is only 1/4 of AODV, has route recovery ability fast.
Although more than described the specific embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art is to be understood that, these embodiments only illustrate, those skilled in the art can carry out various omissions, replacement and change to the details of said method and system in the situation that do not break away from principle of the present invention and essence.For example, merge the said method step, belong to scope of the present invention thereby carry out the identical function of essence according to the identical method of essence to realize the identical result of essence.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. the energy-saving routing algorithm of a mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: node type information is set, is designated as T, and regulation T=1 represents the key routing node of Mesh, T=2 represents the Wireless Mesh terminal node;
Step 2: the communications status of Mesh wireless terminal is divided for three types, i.e. " inside " state, " edge " state and " reparation " state, described " inside " state refer to have in the communication range of Mesh terminal the scene of the key routing node that can reach gateway; Described " edge " state refers to not comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the scene of the key routing node of any Mesh; Described " reparation " state refers to comprise in the communication range of Mesh terminal the key routing node of Mesh, but these key routing nodes occured fault or with the situation of gateway disconnecting;
Step 3: each Mesh terminal node is safeguarded the key routing node list of a Mesh, this list records the address of the key routing node in current Mesh terminal communication scope, the term of validity and the jumping figure information that arrives gateway; If when the key routing node list of the Mesh of Mesh terminal is empty, illustrate that present node is " edge " state; If be not empty, and have the key routing neighbor node that can reach gateway, show that present node is " inside " state; Otherwise, illustrate that present node is in " reparation " state;
Step 4: if find that a Mesh terminal is in " inside " state, directly according to Mesh backbone routing node list information, select the neighbours key routing node nearest with gateway, set up the route of arrival gateway.
2. a kind of energy-saving routing algorithm of mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of after described step 4:
If find that a Mesh terminal is in " edge " state, will start the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode, generate RREQ message and outwards broadcasting;
The 2nd Mesh terminal that receives this RREQ information checks local state, if check result is " inside " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then arrive the routing iinformation of gateway according to self, produce a RREP, and send to a Mesh terminal along reverse path; If check result is " edge " state or " reparation " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then the path weight value of Linktype is set, the path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, request type message, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence information, and the RREQ message after upgrading is outwards broadcasted.3, a kind of energy-saving routing algorithm of mixed structure mine emergency management and rescue wireless mesh network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of after described step 4:
If find that a Mesh terminal is in " reparation " state, will start the route discovery mechanisms based on request-response mode, generate RREQ message and outwards broadcasting;
When if receiving node is the 2nd Mesh terminal, the 2nd Mesh terminal that receives this RREQ information checks local state, if check result is " inside " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then arrive the routing iinformation of gateway according to self, produce a RREP, and send to a Mesh terminal along reverse path; If check result is " edge " state or " reparation " state, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then the path weight value of Linktype is set,
The path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, request type message, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence information, and the RREQ message after upgrading is outwards broadcasted;
When if receiving node is key routing node, at first arrive the reverse route of a Mesh terminal and upper hop node according to RREQ information updating the 2nd Mesh terminal, then information such as the path weight value of the node type information in the 2nd Mesh terminal updated RREQ information, jumping figure, Linktype and relevant address sequence number, and the RREQ message after upgrading continues outwards broadcasting.
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