CN103107618A - Electric motor for compressor - Google Patents

Electric motor for compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103107618A
CN103107618A CN2012104425001A CN201210442500A CN103107618A CN 103107618 A CN103107618 A CN 103107618A CN 2012104425001 A CN2012104425001 A CN 2012104425001A CN 201210442500 A CN201210442500 A CN 201210442500A CN 103107618 A CN103107618 A CN 103107618A
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China
Prior art keywords
magnet
rotor
magnets
motor
groove
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CN2012104425001A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
樋口大
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Publication of CN103107618A publication Critical patent/CN103107618A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a motor in which heat resistance of a magnet and motor efficiency are improved and the used amount of magnets is suppressed, and a compressor using the motor. A motor comprises a rotor comprising a rotor core, two or more slots arranged in a circumferential direction of the rotor in the rotor core, two magnets in a plate shape having a thickness in a radial direction of the rotor, and divided and arranged in the circumferential direction in each of the two or more slots, and a spacer for dividing the two magnets; and a stator disposed outside of the rotor in the radial direction with a clearance from the rotor and comprising a stator core having two or more slots wound with one or more winding wires; and the two magnets are separated from each other by the spacer, by a distance which is 10% to 50% of a circumferential length of the slot having the two magnets.

Description

Motor and compressor
Technical field
The present invention relates to the motor in a kind of compressor that is used in air-conditioning for example or freezer and the compressor that uses this motor.
Background technology
In correlation technique, as shown in Figure 9, the motor 101 that uses in compressor etc. comprises rotor 110 and stator 120, and stator 120 is arranged on the outside of rotor 110, has the space with rotor 110 and comprises the stator core 121 that has with two or more grooves 122 of one or more winding wire (not shown) winding along radial direction.Rotor 110 comprises rotor core 111 and two or more grooves 112 of arranging along the circumferential direction of rotor core 111, and is provided with a magnet 113 (for example, JP2003-32921A) in each groove 112.Owing to being not easy to make smooth and having large-sized magnet, therefore also provide a kind of motor, wherein magnet is divided into two on the circumferential direction of rotor, and these two by bonding and insert in each groove.
Summary of the invention
In the motor of correlation technique, have high coercitive magnet and be used, to guarantee the thermal endurance of magnet.
As the magnet with high-coercive force, for example, can use rare earth magnet, particularly, neodymium base magnet.Because rare earth magnet is made (as dysprosium or terbium) by valuable heavy rare earth element and magnet is expensive, so a purpose is to provide a kind of motor cheaply.
Because the demand of air-conditioning in recent years etc. enlarges markedly, so the demand of the rare earth magnet that uses in the motor of the compressor of air-conditioning also inevitably increases.People are concerned about exhausting of heavy rare earth element, and result is in the urgent need to reducing the use amount of heavy rare earth element.
In addition, be divided into two and be inserted into motor in each groove at above-mentioned magnet, the shape of two magnets of cutting apart need to change to reduce costs.
When the circumferential direction that makes magnet at rotor by the shape that changes magnet, axial direction and size reduction in the radial direction, the extra variation of the shape of rotor is more effective aspect the efficient of motor.Yet in this case, the mould of rotor must be made again, and this is very expensive.On the other hand, only do not change the shape of rotor by the size that reduces magnet, magnet can not be fixed in groove, and this may be problematic.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of motor, it has improved the thermal endurance of magnet and the efficient of motor, and has suppressed the use amount of magnet.
the inventor conducts in-depth research, result, have been found that the magnet in each groove of two or more grooves of rotor core is divided into two on perpendicular to the surface of the rotating shaft of rotor on the direction (hereinafter referred to " circumferential direction ") perpendicular to the radial direction of rotor, 2 magnets of cutting apart are configured to be separated from each other, spacing be groove circumferential lengths 10% ~ 50%, thereby be that the situation of two magnets of 50% of the circumferential lengths of groove is compared with width is set in groove, improved the unit permeance of magnet, and thermal endurance and the electric efficiency of magnet have been improved.Therefore, by selecting shape and the layout of magnet, can provide a kind of high efficiency electric.Significantly do not change the shape of existing motor by the shape that changes magnet, can improve the thermal endurance of magnet, magnet can be done littlely, and result can reduce the use amount of magnet.Based on above-mentioned viewpoint, completed the present invention.
Particularly, the invention provides a kind of motor, comprise: rotor, two or more grooves that described rotor comprises rotor core, arrange on the circumferential direction of described rotor in described rotor core, described rotor have in the radial direction two tabular magnets of thickness and a distance piece that is used for cutting apart described two magnets, described two magnets are divided and arrange on described circumferential direction in each groove of described two or more grooves; And stator, described stator is arranged on the outside of described rotor and has the space with described rotor along described radial direction, comprises the stator core with the two or more grooves that are wound around with one or more winding wire; Wherein said two magnets have identical S or N magnetic pole and have identical N or S magnetic pole at its radially inner side at its radial outside, and they are separated from each other by described distance piece, spacing be have described two magnets groove circumferential lengths 10% ~ 50%.The present invention also provides a kind of compressor that uses described motor.
According to motor of the present invention, because 10% ~ 50% two magnets that are separated from each other divided on circumferential direction and that be arranged to the circumferential lengths take spacing as groove are arranged in each groove of rotor, so the thermal endurance of magnet and electric efficiency can be improved.
According to motor of the present invention, because the weight of magnet or the use amount of magnet can reduce, therefore to compare with the motor in correlation technique, one-tenth that can be lower was made motor originally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows built-in type permanent magnet (IPM) motor in embodiments of the present invention, wherein is provided with the gap between two magnets;
Fig. 2 shows magnet arrangement in embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the groove that has for the projection that keeps the gap between two magnets;
Fig. 4 shows the groove of the nonmagnetic substance in the gap that has between two magnets;
Fig. 5 shows the ipm motor that uses in embodiment;
Fig. 6 shows gapped magnet arrangement is set between two magnets;
Fig. 7 shows at the both ends of groove gapped magnet arrangement is set;
Fig. 8 shows the increase and decrease ratio of magnet weight and induced voltage; With
Fig. 9 shows the example of the ipm motor in correlation technique.
Embodiment
In the present invention, magnet is divided and be arranged in groove on circumferential direction, is separated from each other, thereby has shortened the circumferential lengths of each magnet.As a result, because the ellipticity of magnet reduces, so the unit permeance of magnet increases and the thermal endurance of magnet improves.
The unit permeance of magnet is the inverse of demagnetizing factor.This coefficient represent magnet magnetic moment thermal stability or to the stability of external magnetic field, and with the thermal endurance significant correlation of magnet.Can calculate unit permeance from the shapometer of magnet, particularly, the ratio between other sizes of the thickness of the direction of magnetization of magnet and magnet.Along with the cross section perpendicular to the direction of magnetization of magnet increases, that is, along with the apparent ellipticity of magnet increases, unit permeance reduces.On the other hand, along with the ellipticity of magnet reduces, unit permeance increases.
The thermal endurance of magnet represents that the heat demagnetization unlikely occurs, and affects the thermal endurance of motor.
Therefore, owing to having improved the thermal endurance of magnet by increasing unit permeance, so the weight of magnet can reduce, result can reduce the use amount of the heavy rare earth element of magnet.
When being separated from each other on circumferential direction in the groove of two magnets at rotor, and work as spacing distance (namely, the width in the gap between two magnets) be groove circumferential lengths 10% or when larger, width is the circumferential central authorities that 10% or larger gap of the circumferential lengths of groove is arranged on groove.In this case, as described later, the decline of the non-loaded induced voltage of motor and magnet reduce Comparatively speaking less of ratio.In addition, even with situation in the groove that wherein undivided single magnet is inserted into rotor or magnet be divided into two but wherein the width in the gap between two magnets compare less than 10% situation of the circumferential lengths of groove, to the torque characteristics of input current, that is, electric efficiency is improved.It is believed that, reason is, in the situation that the width of single magnet or its intermediate gap less than 10% 2 magnets of cutting apart, exists the performance to motor not have contributive magnet areas the circumferential central of groove.Therefore, by the circumferential central authorities at groove, the gap is set between magnet, can reduces the weight of magnet, can suppress the impact on the magnetic field that is produced by magnet simultaneously.
As motor of the present invention, preferably, use built-in type permanent magnet (IPM) motor.This motor comprises rotor and stator, and this stator is arranged on the outside of rotor and has the space with rotor along radial direction.This stator comprises the stator core with two or more grooves.Form two or more coils by be wound around winding wire on two or more grooves.This rotor can rotate on its circumferential direction.
Fig. 1 shows in an embodiment of the present invention the structure chart as the motor 1 of ipm motor.In Fig. 1, motor 1 comprises rotor 10 and stator 20, and stator 20 is arranged on the outside of rotor 10 and has the space with rotor 10 along radial direction.Stator 20 comprises the stator core 21 with two or more grooves 22, and the winding wire (not shown) is wrapped on two or more grooves 22.Identical Reference numeral is used in reference to the element with identical function in each figure.
Two or more grooves that rotor comprises rotor core and arranges on the circumferential direction of rotor in rotor core.Each groove has the degree of depth on the direction (rotating shaft direction) of the rotating shaft extension of rotor.The peristome of groove can be two relative sides of tetragonal shape roughly and peristome can be perpendicular to the radial direction of rotor.Preferably, two relative sides of the peristome rectangular shaped of groove, peristome become the rectangular shape with the axial degree of depth of rotation that is parallel to rotor perpendicular to the radial direction of rotor and flute profile and (comprise cube, hereinafter, same applicable).In Fig. 1, two or more grooves 12 that rotor 10 comprises rotor core 11 and arranges on the circumferential direction of rotor 10 in rotor core 11.
In each groove of two or more grooves, divided on the circumferential direction of two tabular magnets of forming of thickness (two magnet 13a in Fig. 1 and 13b) at rotor and arrange having in the radial direction of rotor.In this case, two magnets in a groove are placed with at its radial outside and have identical S or N polarity and have identical N or S polarity at its radially inner side.For example, as shown in Figure 2, the magnet that is close to each other in each groove is placed with has opposite polarity.
The magnet that uses in the present embodiment is rare earth magnet preferably, is more preferably neodymium base magnet, then is more preferably the Nd-Fe-B magnet.Preferably, each magnet forms rectangular shape, and the shape and size of each magnet make basically do not have the gap when two magnets are placed in groove in groove, except the gap between two magnets.The axial height of the rotation of the magnet preferably degree of depth with groove is identical.Two magnets preferably are of similar shape.Reason is, two magnets are of similar shape and make the size of two magnets that use in rotor become identical, so only need a kind of magnet shape, and further, maybe advantageously, the magnetic flux that produces from magnet is stable.
Two magnets placing in each groove are separated from each other by distance piece, and between two magnets, the gap are set in (gap 14 in Fig. 1).Two magnets are configured to by using distance piece to contact respectively the inwall at the both ends of groove on circumferential direction.Distance piece is not particularly limited, as long as distance piece can be provided in the gap between two magnets in each groove, for example, can use projection (projection 15 in Fig. 3) or nonmagnetic substance (material 16 in Fig. 4).Projection can be formed on the inwall of groove the circumferential central authorities at groove, for example, and as shown in Figure 3.Nonmagnetic substance can be formed by non magnetic solid.Nonmagnetic substance can occupy the whole gaps between two magnets, and nonmagnetic substance can only occupy the part in two gaps between magnet, as long as magnet is separated, in the situation of using projection.Therefore because general motor is heated repeatedly and dispels the heat, the preferred use is difficult to the projection or the nonmagnetic substance that are heated and dispel the heat and affect.If bonding agent is as distance piece, bonding agent is deteriorated because of heating and heat radiation, makes magnet to be fixed inadequately.
Gap between two magnets preferably is arranged on the central authorities of groove on circumferential direction.Reason is, the circumferential central authorities of groove are the minimum zones of the unit permeance of magnet in groove, and further, is the little zone of contribution, magnetic field to being produced by the magnet in rotor.
The width in the gap between two magnets in groove (" c " in Fig. 1) is set to 10% ~ 50% of the length (well width in Fig. 1 " L ") of groove on circumferential direction.When gap width less than the circumferential lengths of groove 10% the time, the heat demagnetization rate of magnet can not reduce effectively, is difficult to realize the effect that reduces of magnet weight.Advantageously, be 10% the value that is equal to or greater than the circumferential lengths of groove by gap width is set, the heat demagnetization rate of magnet reduces, the decline of the non-loaded induced voltage of motor and magnet reduce Comparatively speaking less of ratio, result, can advantageously reduce the weight of magnet, and can form projection or insert nonmagnetic substance more positively to remain on the gap between magnet.When gap width greater than the circumferential lengths of groove 50% the time, the decrease of magnet weight increases, but the slippage of the non-loaded induced voltage of motor also increases.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Make the real machine of ipm motor shown in Figure 5.The diameter of rotor core is set as 49mm, and the external diameter of stator core is set as 109mm.About each groove in two of rotor or two grooves, circumferential lengths is set as 25mm, and the thickness setting of radial direction is 2mm, rotates the axial degree of depth and is set as 55mm.
Two magnets that are placed in each groove of rotor are of similar shape, and in each magnet, circumferential lengths is set as 10.5mm, and the thickness setting of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height setting is 55mm.The circumferential central authorities that two magnets are placed with at the groove of rotor provide two gaps between magnet.Gap width " c " on circumferential direction between two magnets is set as 4mm (referring to Fig. 6).Aluminum (circumferential lengths is 4mm, and the thickness of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height is 55mm) is inserted in two gaps between magnet, as the distance piece fixed magnets.
The specification of ipm motor is shown in Table 1.
[table 1]
Number of poles 4 utmost points, 6 grooves
The material of magnet The NeFeB sintered magnet
The material of stator core and rotor core 50A350
Rated current 2.5A
Winding wire Every phase 200 circles
Distribution 3 are connected in series mutually
Embodiment 2
The circumferential lengths of magnet and gap width " c " change from embodiment 1, make the ipm motor similar to embodiment 1.
Two magnets that are placed in each groove of rotor are of similar shape.In each magnet, circumferential lengths is set as 9.5mm, and the thickness setting of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height setting is 55mm.Two magnets are placed in groove, provide two gaps between magnet with the circumferential central authorities at the groove of rotor.Gap width " c " on circumferential direction between two magnets is set as 6mm.Aluminum (circumferential lengths is 6mm, and the thickness of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height is 55mm) is inserted in two gaps between magnet, as the distance piece fixed magnets.
Comparative example 1
The circumferential lengths of magnet and gap width " c " change from embodiment 1, make the ipm motor similar to embodiment 1.
Two magnets that are placed in each groove of rotor are of similar shape.In each magnet, circumferential lengths is set as 12.5mm, and the thickness setting of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height setting is 55mm.Two magnets are placed on circumferential direction in the groove of rotor, and the gap width between two magnets is set as 0mm.
Heat demagnetization test
Motor for embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1 carries out heat demagnetization test.
In heat demagnetization test, by using power meter to measure non-loaded induced voltage, it is under the state of 90 ° that rotor is fixed on current advance angle before adding thermoelectric perpetual motion machine, after this, in baking oven with motor heating to 110 ° C.In baking oven, check that motor is fully heated and the temperature stabilization of motor, afterwards, the 25A electric current that will be equivalent to 10 times of rated current is applied to the U phase.After applying electric current, take out motor from baking oven, and cool to room temperature.Then, again measure induced voltage, from heating front non-loaded calculation of lightning induced voltage demagnetization rate.
Gap in heat demagnetization test shown in table 2 between two magnets and the relation between the demagnetization rate.Compare with the situation that two gaps between magnet are not set therein (comparative example 1), along with the gap between two magnets increases, the demagnetization rate reduces (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2).For the motor according to embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example 1, calculate electric efficiency, and be shown in table 2.Compare with the situation that two gaps between magnet are not set therein (comparative example 1), along with the gap between two magnets increases, electric efficiency improves (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2).
[table 2]
? Magnetic coercive force (kA/m) Gap width (mm) Gap (%) Demagnetization rate (%) Electric efficiency (%)
Embodiment 1 1550 4 16 5 89
Embodiment 2 1550 6 24 2 90
Comparative example 1 1550 0 0 12 88
Comparative example 2 and 3
Do not arrange therein in the comparative example 1 in two gaps between magnet, change the thermal endurance of magnet and calculate the demagnetization rate by the mode identical with above-mentioned heat demagnetization test.Use the ipm motor identical with comparative example 1, only change the thermal endurance of magnet.Magnet in the groove of insertion motor is divided into two on circumferential direction in the groove of rotor.As magnet, use low heat resistant magnet (comparative example 2) and the high-fire resistance magnet (comparative example 3) of Nd-Fe-B type, rather than use as a comparative example the magnet of the Nd-Fe-B type of the rare earth magnet of use in 1.
Do not arrange two between magnet the gap and the heat demagnetization test when changing of the thermal endurance of magnet the results are shown in table 3.In high-fire resistance magnet (comparative example 3), induced voltage does not descend.In Nd-Fe-B magnet (comparative example 1), the demagnetization rate is 12%.On the other hand, in low heat resistant magnet (comparative example 2), the demagnetization rate is 30%.
[table 3]
? Magnetic coercive force (kA/m) Demagnetization rate (%)
Comparative example 1 1550 12
Comparative example 2 995 30
Comparative example 3 1670 0
From the result shown in table 2 and table 3, identifiable is by increasing the gap (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2) between magnet, can obtain to be similar to the heat resistance of high-fire resistance magnet (comparative example 3).
Comparative example 4 and 5
The position in the gap in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 changes, and makes the ipm motor similar to embodiment 1.
The magnet identical with embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 is placed in the groove of rotor, provides gap width " d " with the both ends at groove, as shown in Figure 7.The gap width of comparative example 4 " d " is set as 2mm, and the gap width of comparative example 5 " d " is set as 3mm.Aluminum (circumferential lengths is 2mm (comparative example 4) or 3mm (comparative example 5), and the thickness of radial direction is 2mm, and rotating axial height is 55mm) is inserted in the gap, as the distance piece fixed magnets.
The measurement test of non-loaded induced voltage
Test similarly with above-mentioned heat demagnetization, for the motor according to comparative example 4 and comparative example 5, measure non-loaded induced voltage.The non-loaded induced voltage of measuring in the motor (comparative example 4 and comparative example 5) in gap is set for the both ends at groove and the non-loaded induced voltage of measuring in the above-mentioned heat demagnetization test of motor (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2) in gap is set between two magnets, calculate increase and decrease with respect to the non-loaded induced voltage of measuring than (%) in the above-mentioned heat demagnetization test that the motor in gap (comparative example 1) is not set.
The measurement result of non-loaded induced voltage is shown in Fig. 8.Also show the increase and decrease of the magnet weight that the gap is set than (%).As shown in Figure 8, the motor (comparative example 1) that the gap is not set has the highest induced voltage.When the gap increased, the motor (comparative example 4 and comparative example 5) that the motor (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2) in gap is set between two magnets and the gap is set at the both ends of groove had the decreasing ratio of different induced voltages.From the increase and decrease of induced voltage than and the result of the increase and decrease ratio of magnet weight, can draw, the motor (comparative example 4 and comparative example 5) that the gap is set with the both ends at groove is compared, and the motor (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2) that the gap is set between two magnets has larger magnet weight and reduces effect for induced voltage descends.
Therefore, the circumferential central authorities that confirmed groove contribute little zone to the magnetic field that is produced by the magnet in rotor.

Claims (4)

1. motor comprises:
Rotor, two or more grooves that described rotor comprises rotor core, arrange on the circumferential direction of described rotor in described rotor core, described rotor have in the radial direction two tabular magnets of thickness and a distance piece that is used for cutting apart described two magnets, described two magnets are divided and arrange on described circumferential direction in each groove of described two or more grooves; With
Stator, described stator is arranged on the outside of described rotor and has the space with described rotor along described radial direction, comprises the stator core with the two or more grooves that are wound around with one or more winding wire;
Wherein said two magnets have identical S or N magnetic pole and have identical N or S magnetic pole at its radially inner side at its radial outside, and they are separated from each other by described distance piece, spacing be have described two magnets groove circumferential lengths 10% ~ 50%.
2. motor according to claim 1, wherein said distance piece are the projections on the inwall of each groove of described two or more grooves in described rotor core, or nonmagnetic substance.
3. motor according to claim 1, wherein said two magnets are of similar shape.
4. a compressor, comprise the described motor of any one according to claim 1 ~ 3.
CN2012104425001A 2011-11-10 2012-11-08 Electric motor for compressor Pending CN103107618A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011-246458 2011-11-10
JP2011246458A JP6095263B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2011-11-10 Embedded magnet type motor and compressor

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CN103107618A true CN103107618A (en) 2013-05-15

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US (1) US10256685B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2592720A3 (en)
JP (1) JP6095263B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20130051895A (en)
CN (1) CN103107618A (en)

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US10256685B2 (en) 2019-04-09
US20130119805A1 (en) 2013-05-16

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