CN103104917A - Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor - Google Patents

Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103104917A
CN103104917A CN2012104475867A CN201210447586A CN103104917A CN 103104917 A CN103104917 A CN 103104917A CN 2012104475867 A CN2012104475867 A CN 2012104475867A CN 201210447586 A CN201210447586 A CN 201210447586A CN 103104917 A CN103104917 A CN 103104917A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel
end cap
fuel channel
burner
diluent
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2012104475867A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
L.J.斯托伊亚
P.B.梅顿
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of CN103104917A publication Critical patent/CN103104917A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

A combustor includes a casing that encloses at least a portion of the combustor. A fuel conduit extends downstream from the casing and includes a tortuous path for fuel flow inside the fuel conduit. A method for supplying fuel to a combustor includes flowing a working fluid through tubes that extend axially through an end cap. The method further includes supplying a fuel through a fuel conduit into the end cap, supplying a diluent through a diluent conduit that extends axially inside the fuel conduit, and swirling the fuel flowing through the fuel conduit around the diluent flowing through the diluent conduit.

Description

Burner and to the method for burner fuel supplying
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind of burner and to the method for burner fuel supplying.
Background technology
Burner is generally used in industry and generator operation, ignited fuel is had the burning gases of HTHP with generation.Burner design and operation are subjected to the impact of various competitive Considerations.For example, usually improve the thermodynamic efficiency of burner than the high combustion gas temperature.Yet higher burning gas temperature also can impel and produces tempering or increase the intense steady combusting condition, and combustion flame moves to the fuel by the nozzle supply under this condition, thus may cause nozzle within the relatively short time by badly damaged.In addition, higher burning gas temperature improves the split speed of divalence nitrogen usually, has increased nitrogen oxide (NO X) output.On the contrary, the low burning gas temperature relevant to reducing fuel flow rate and/or operation at part load (closing (turndown)) reduces the chemical reaction rate of burning gases usually, and this has increased the output of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.
In a kind of special burner design, a plurality of pipes can radially be set in end cap, enter the combustion chamber and provide fluid to be communicated with for working fluid flows through end cap.Fuel can be sent to the air chamber (plenum) in end cap, flows through with the outside from pipe, before mixing with working fluid, pipe is carried out convection current cooling in flowing to pipe.Fuel and working fluid being mixed to get in pipe strengthen under the higher running temperature of permission than lean burn, prevent simultaneously tempering or surely fire and control bad emission.But, fuel before entering pipe by the cooling fuel non-uniform heat flux that causes of its convection current that provides.Thus, flow through the variation of the temperature of fuel of pipe and density can be in pipe generation thermal stress and/or inhomogeneous fuel-working fluid ratio, this adversely exerts an influence to flame holding, burner performance and/or bad emission again.Therefore, useful is that in a kind of method that improved burner is provided and fuel is provided for burner, described method have reduced to manage, temperature and the variable density of the fuel of pipe flow through in thermal stress and/or minimizing.
Summary of the invention
Each aspect of the present invention and advantage are elaborated by following description, and be perhaps clear by being described clearly, and perhaps understands by practice of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present of invention are a burner, and described burner comprises a housing that surrounds at least a part of burner.Fuel channel extends downstream from described housing, and comprises that is used for the detour that fuel flows into described fuel channel.
An alternative embodiment of the invention is a burner, described burner comprise an end cap with one with described end-cover axle to separating end cap, described end cap is set up radially to extend and passes through at least a portion burner, wherein, described end cap comprises a upstream face, described upstream face and downstream face axial separation.Fuel channel extends to described end cap from described end cap, is communicated with for described end cap provides fluid, and described fuel channel is included in the detour of the fuel flow in described fuel channel.
Embodiments of the invention also can comprise to the method for burner fuel supplying, and described method comprises: working fluid flows through a plurality of pipes that pass end cap that extend axially.Described method also comprises by fuel channel fuel is fed described end cap, by axially extended diluent pipeline supply diluent in described fuel channel, and turn flows through the fuel of described fuel channel, and described fuel channel is arranged on around the diluent that flows through described diluent pipeline.
Those skilled in the art can have better understanding to feature and the aspect of these embodiment, can better understanding be arranged to feature and the aspect of these embodiment by the review to this specification.
Description of drawings
The complete remainder that is disclosed in specification of the present invention that comprises best mode of the present invention for those skilled in the art is elaborated with reference to the following drawings:
Fig. 1 is the simplification cross-sectional view of example burner according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the upstream axial view of burner shown in Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the amplification cross-sectional view of pipeline shown in Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
One or more examples shown in description are elaborated to embodiments of the invention.This detailed description uses numeral and letter to identify the feature that refers in accompanying drawing.In accompanying drawing and explanation, same or analogous sign has been used in reference to the same or analogous part for the present invention.As used herein, term " first ", " second " and " the 3rd " are used interchangeably that an element and another element region are separated, but do not represent position and the importance of each element.In addition, term " upstream " and " downstream " refer to the relative position of the element in stream.For example, if fluid flows to element B from element A, element A is in the upstream of element B.On the contrary, if element B receives the fluid that flows out from element A, element B is in the downstream of element A.
Each example is not construed as limiting the present invention as explanation of the present invention is provided.In fact, be under the prerequisite that does not depart from the scope of the invention or spirit, can make various modifications and changes to the present invention with it will be apparent to those skilled in the art.For example, in an embodiment, a characteristic of explaining or describing can be used in another embodiment, generates another embodiment.Therefore, the invention is intended to contain claims and be equal to this modification and change within the replacement scope.
Different embodiments of the invention comprise burner and the method that fuel is provided for burner.Described burner generally includes the housing that the working fluid of burner is flow through in an encirclement.Radially be arranged on a plurality of pipes in end cap strengthened working fluid with fuel mixing before burning.In special embodiment, fuel channel can extend between housing and end cap, for end cap provides fuel.Described fuel can flow through the detour in fuel channel, and described fuel channel is adjacent with a diluent pipeline, and described diluent pipeline extends axially in fuel channel, before the cap of fuel flow inlet side, it is carried out homogeneous heating.This improved heating to fuel has reduced the thermal stress in pipe and/or has reduced temperature and the density of the fuel that flows through pipe, has therefore improved flame holding, burner performance and/or has increased bad emission.Although usually can be described example of the present invention under background take the burner as a gas turbine part for purpose of explanation; a common those skilled in the art can easily understand; the embodiment of the present invention can be applicable to any one burner; be not limited to gas turbine combustor, unless claim has special indicating.
Fig. 1 provide example burner 10 according to an embodiment of the invention simplification cross-sectional view, and Fig. 2 provides the upstream axial view of burner 10 shown in Figure 1.As shown in the figure, housing 12 surrounds the part of burner 10 usually at least to hold the working fluid 14 that flows to burner 10.Housing 12 can comprise the end cap 16 of establishing at one end, and described end cap provides and has been the interface of burner 10 fuel supplying, diluent and/or other additives.Possible diluent can comprise for example water, steam, working fluid, air, fuel additive, various inert gas (as nitrogen and/or various non-flammable gas as carbon dioxide) or the burnt gas gas that is supplied to burner 10.One or more fluid lines 18 can be from end cap 16 to end cap 20 extend axially, and are communicated with for end cap 20 provides the fluid of fuel, diluent and/or other additives.End cap 20 is configured radially to extend through at least a portion of burner 10, and end cap 20 and liner 22 limit the combustion chamber 24 in end cap 20 downstreams usually.Housing 12 circumferential hoops are around end cap 20 and/or liner 22, and to limit a circular passage 26, described circular passage is around end cap 20 and liner 22.In this way, working fluid 14 can be crossed circular passage 26 along the outer flow of liner 22, for liner 22 provides convection current cooling.When working fluid 14 arrives end cap 16, but working fluid 14 reverse directions flow through end cap 20, enter combustion chamber 24.
End cap 20 generally includes the upstream face 28 that axially separates with downstream face 30, reaches one or more nozzles 32 and/or manage 34 to extend through downstream face 30 from upstream face 28, is communicated with for combustion chamber 24 provides the fluid that passes end cap 20.Specific shape, size, quantity and the setting of nozzle 32 and pipe 34 can change according to specific embodiment.For example, nozzle 32 and pipe 34 are described to cylindrical usually; But the alternate embodiment in the scope of the invention can comprise nozzle and the pipe that in fact has any geometric cross-section.
Nozzle 32 can extend axially from end cap 16 and pass end cap 20.But sheath 36 circumferential hoops define one around the circular passage 38 of nozzle 32 around nozzle 32, and provide the fluid that passes end cap 20 to be communicated with.Therefore, working fluid 14 can flow through circular passage 38 and enters combustion chamber 24.And nozzle 32 can be circular passage 38 fuel supplying, diluent and/or other additives, and it is mixed with working fluid 14 before entering fuel chambers 24.One or more blades 40 can radially extend between nozzle 32 and sheath 36, eddy current are passed to the fluid that flows through circular passage 38, arrive the front mixing in combustion chamber 24 thereby strengthened fluid.
Pipe 34 can radially arrange with one or more tube banks 42 of difformity and size and pass end cap 20, and wherein each tube bank 42 is communicated with one or more fluid line 18 fluids.For example, as shown in Figure 2, one or more dividing plates 44 can extend downstream from fluid line 18, and described fluid line is axially disposed within upstream face and downstream face 28, in end cap 20 between 30, pipe 34 is separated or divides into groups to form the shape of sending that radially arranges around nozzle 32 and restrain 42.One or more fluid lines 18 can be each tube bank and 42 provide one or more fuel, diluent and/or other additives, and each fluid line 18 or restrain 42 fuel and/or type, fuel content and the reactivity of diluent can be had nothing in common with each other.In this way, can be that one or more tube banks 42 supplies are dissimilar, flow velocity and/or additive, thereby allow to carry out the classification refuelling to managing 34 under the operating condition of wide region.
End cap guard shield 46 can circumferentially surround upstream face and the downstream face 28,30 of at least a portion, makes one or more air chambers in end cap 20 between upstream face and downstream face 28,30 that are positioned at at least part of boundary of a piece of land.For example, Fig. 1 the most clearly demonstrates a baffle plate 48 and can radially extend between upstream face and downstream face 28,30 in end cap 20, defines at least in part the fuel air chamber 50 and the diluent air chamber 52 that are positioned at end cap 20.Particularly, upstream face 28, end cap guard shield 46 and baffle plate 48 can define fuel air chamber 50, and downstream face 30, end cap guard shield 46 and baffle plate 48 can define diluent body air chamber 52.One or more pipes 34 can comprise one or more fuel ports 54, and described fuel port provides the fluid connection that enters pipe 34 from fuel air chamber 50.Fuel port 54 can be radially, axially and/or become the azimuth angled setting in ground, spray and/or transmit eddy current to the fuel that flows through teasehole 54 and enter pipe 34.So described fuel can mix before entering combustion chamber 24 with the working fluid 14 that flows through pipe 34.
Fig. 3 provides the amplification cross-sectional view of fluid line 18 shown in Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, fluid line 18 can comprise one around the fuel channel 60 of diluent pipeline 62.Fuel channel 60 can extend to end cap 20 downstream from housing 12 or end cap 16, is communicated with for end cap 20 fuel air chambers 50 provide fluid.Fuel channel 60 can comprise the detour of fuel channel 60 fuels streams, thereby has increased the distance that fuel flow is crossed, therefore increased fuel arrive before end cap 20 fuel air chambers 50 from around working fluid 14 and/or other diluents heat of being passed to fuel.For example, fuel channel 60 can comprise a plurality of deflectors 64 or other guiding devices that is located on fuel channel 60 inner surfaces, is used for the fuel flow in guiding and/or disturbance fuel channel 60, thereby strengthens the heat exchange from working fluid 14 or other diluents and fuel.In special embodiment shown in Figure 3, deflector 64 can be connected with the inner surface of fuel channel 60 or be machined in this inner surface, the spirality channel that flows around diluent pipeline 62 to form a fuel.
Diluent pipeline 62 can extend axially between end cap 16 and end cap 20 in fuel channel 60 usually, is communicated with for diluent air chamber 52 provides fluid.May can comprise by the diluent of diluent pipeline 62 supplies, for example, be supplied to water, steam, working fluid, fuel additive, various inert gas such as nitrogen and/or various nonflammable gas such as carbon dioxide or the burnt gas of burner 10.Diluent can be supplied with diluent pipeline 62 by external source by end cap 16.Alternative, perhaps in addition, the bypass 66 in end cap 16 can be a part of working fluid 14 provides the fluid that flows to diluent pipeline 62 to be communicated with, the fuel heating that opposing connection diluent pipeline 62 flows.After arriving end cap 20, working fluid 14 or other diluents can flow to diluent air chamber 52 and flow around pipe 34, and to carry out convection current cooling to managing 34.Then, working fluid 14 or other diluents can flow through the one or more diluent passages 68 in downstream face 30, and enter fuel chambers 24.
The turbulator of a plurality of various difformities and size can be arranged on fuel channel and/or diluent pipeline 60,62 or on every side, the working fluid 14 on these aspects of disturbance or the laminar flow of other diluents.For example, as shown in Figure 3, turbulator 70 can radially be arranged on fuel channel 60 outer surfaces and/or diluent pipeline 62 inner surfaces around, be formed at laminar flow layer on these aspects with minimizing, and therefore strengthened the heat transmission of the fuel that flows through fuel channel 60.
Flow and the temperature that flows through the fuel of burner 10 and working fluid 14 can occur significantly to change in operation process around burner 10, cause housing 12, fluid line 18 and/or manage 34 with friction speed and expand to some extent or shrink.Therefore, one or more fuel channels and/or diluent pipeline 60,62 can comprise flexible coupling 72 between end cap 16 and end cap 20.Described flexible coupling 72 can comprise one or more telescopic joints or telescoping tube, and described telescopic joint or telescoping tube are for housing 12, fluid line 18 and/or manage 34 because thermal expansion or the axial displacements that shrink to produce provide the space.Common those skilled in the art easily understand, the selectable location of flexible coupling 72 and/or combination are in the different embodiments of the invention scope, and particular location or the quantity of flexible coupling 72 are not construed as limiting the invention, unless specialize in claim.
Fig. 1-3 shows and the different embodiment of explanation also can provide a kind of method to burner 10 fuel supplying.Described method can comprise: for example, working fluid 14 flows through and extends axially the pipe 34 that passes end cap 20, and feeds fuel by fuel channel 60 to end cap 20.The method also can comprise: by at interior axially extended diluent pipeline 62 supplying working fluids 14 of fuel channel 60 or other diluents, and turn flows through the fuel of fuel channel 60, and described fuel channel is arranged on around the working fluid 14 or other diluents that flows through described diluent pipeline 62.In special embodiment, the method can comprise that also erratic flow crosses the fluid of fuel channel 60 outer surfaces and/or diluent pipeline 62 inner surfaces, and/or working fluid 14 or other diluents in fuel and end cap 20 are separated.
Fig. 1-3 shows to compare with the past burner with the different embodiment that describe to have one or more business and/or technical advantage.For example, the fuel flow detour of crossing fuel channel 60 makes and flows or can carry out homogeneous heating to the fuel before arriving fuel air chamber 50 at the outer mobile working fluid 14 of fuel channel 60 or other diluents diluent pipeline 62 is interior.This improved fuel heating has reduced manages the thermal stress in 34 and/or flows through the temperature of fuel of pipe 34 and the variation of density, thereby has strengthened flame holding, burner performance and/or bad emission.
This printed instructions use-case discloses the present invention, comprising best mode, and makes those skilled in the art can put into practice the present invention, comprising making and using any one device or system and carry out the method that any one is included in.Patentable scope of the present invention is defined by claim, and can comprise other examples that those skilled in the art expect.If described other examples comprise the constituent that there is no difference with the written word of claim, perhaps comprise the equivalent structure composition that has unsubstantiality difference with the written word of claim, these other examples are in the claim protection domain.

Claims (20)

1. burner comprises:
A. surround the housing of at least a portion burner;
B. the fuel channel that extends downstream from described housing;
C. the detour of the fuel flow in described fuel channel.
2. burner according to claim 1, wherein, described fuel flow detour comprises the spirality stream of the fuel flow in fuel channel.
3. burner according to claim 1, also comprise a plurality of deflectors that are arranged on described fuel channel inner surface.
4. burner according to claim 1, also comprise a plurality of turbulators that are arranged on described fuel channel outer surface.
5. burner according to claim 1, also be included in axially extended diluent pipeline in described fuel channel.
6. burner according to claim 5 also comprises the diluent air chamber in described fuel channel downstream, and wherein, described diluent pipeline is communicated with for described diluent air chamber provides fluid.
7. burner according to claim 1, also comprise a plurality of pipes, and described a plurality of calibers pass described burner and are communicated with described fuel channel fluid to setting.
8. burner according to claim 7, also comprise the dividing plate that extends downstream from described fuel channel, so that described a plurality of pipes are separated into tube bank.
9. burner according to claim 1 also comprises the fuel air chamber in described fuel channel downstream, and wherein, described fuel channel is communicated with for described fuel air chamber provides fluid.
10. burner comprises:
A. end cap;
B. with the end cap of described end cap axial separation, described end cap is set up at least a portion of radially passing described burner, and wherein, described end cap comprises the upstream face with the downstream face axial separation.
C. the fuel channel that extends to described end cap from described end cap is communicated with for described end cap provides fluid;
D. the detour of the fuel flow in fuel channel.
11. burner according to claim 10, wherein, described fuel flow detour comprises the spirality stream of the fuel flow in described fuel channel.
12. burner according to claim 10 also comprises the deflector on a plurality of inner surfaces that are arranged on described fuel channel.
13. burner according to claim 10 also comprises a plurality of turbulators that are arranged on described fuel channel outer surface.
14. burner according to claim 10 also is included in described fuel channel to the axially extended diluent pipeline of described end cap.
15. burner according to claim 10 also comprises a plurality of pipes, described a plurality of calibers are to being arranged in described end cap and and described fuel channel fluid connection.
16. burner according to claim 15 also is included in axially extended dividing plate in described end cap, so that described a plurality of pipes are separated into a plurality of tube banks.
17. burner according to claim 10 also comprises extending axially the fuel nozzle that passes described end cap.
18. the method to the burner fuel supplying comprises:
A. working fluid flows through a plurality of pipes that pass end cap that extend axially;
B. by fuel channel, fuel is fed described end cap;
C. by axially extended diluent pipeline supply diluent in described fuel channel;
D. the fuel of described fuel channel is flow through in turn, and described fuel channel is arranged on around the diluent that flows through described diluent pipeline.
19. method according to claim 18 comprises that also erratic flow crosses the fluid of described fuel channel outer surface.
20. method according to claim 18 also comprises described fuel is separated with diluent in described end cap.
CN2012104475867A 2011-11-11 2012-11-09 Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor Pending CN103104917A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US13/294,272 2011-11-11
US13/294,272 US20130122436A1 (en) 2011-11-11 2011-11-11 Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor

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Application publication date: 20130515