CN103100304A - Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte - Google Patents
Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103100304A CN103100304A CN2011104090836A CN201110409083A CN103100304A CN 103100304 A CN103100304 A CN 103100304A CN 2011104090836 A CN2011104090836 A CN 2011104090836A CN 201110409083 A CN201110409083 A CN 201110409083A CN 103100304 A CN103100304 A CN 103100304A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- membrane
- separation method
- solution
- anionic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention relates to a separation method of an electrolyte and a non-electrolyte. An anionic membrane is in tight contact with a cationic membrane to form a baffle plate with a downward gap opening so that a mixed solution separates out water through the anionic membrane and the cationic membrane, can be dissociated into an ionic compound material and flows out continuously along the gap opening, and thus water in a mixture of inorganic matters and organic matters containing water and dissolved in water and compounds capable of being dissociated into anions and cations in water are separated out through the anionic membrane and the cationic membrane at a contact interface of the anionic membrane and the cationic membrane with low cost. The separation method can be widely applied to sewage treatment, and processes of dewatering, concentrating, deacidifying, dealkalizing, desalinating and brine-desalinating in an industrial production process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the separation method of a kind of electrolyte and non-electrolyte, especially relate to the Combination application of utilizing the zwitterion film, making can dissociate in water becomes the compound of zwitterion (electrolyte) together with water itself, see through ionic membrane and separate out, realize water and can dissociate in water that becoming can not dissociate in the compound of zwitterion (electrolyte) and original mixture becomes being separated from each other of the compound of zwitterion (non-electrolyte).
Background technology
In various sanitary sewages, catering industry sewage, various trade effluent (paper-making pulping, petrochemical industry, biochemistry, agricultural chemicals, weaving, leather, dyestuff, coating etc.) improvement field, all relate to separating or the thickening problem of dewatering of oil or other organic matter and water, acid, alkali, salt.Especially, when the Organic chemical products such as acid hydrolysis cellulose, hemicellulose or acid hydrolysis of biomass raw material production hydrolysis sugar, furfural; During the Organic chemical products such as fermentation industry production alcohol, beverage, medicine or various alcohol, ketone, various vitamins; In chemical synthesis, biochemical synthetic field; Juice production, the production of milk product, the fields such as natural essence, natural materials extraction, concentration all relate to separation, dehydration, desalination, purification and the thickening problem of variety classes material.The restriction that conventional distillation or dehydration by evaporation technique are subjected to high energy consumption, conventional depickling, alkali, salt method is subjected to acid, the alkali in mixture, the restriction of salt low content, all be difficult to realize low cost movement, high separation costs has restricted the extensive use of above-mentioned technical process, or has reduced the economic feasibility of the commercial Application of above-mentioned technique.
Summary of the invention
the separation method of electrolyte of the present invention and non-electrolyte, one of main purpose is to pass through at low cost the Combination application of zwitterion film, make and contain water, water in the inorganic matter that is dissolved in the water and organic mixture and can dissociate in water and become the compound of zwitterion (electrolyte), separate out and discharge after the contact interface place of zwitterion film sees through ionic membrane, realizing that water and can dissociating in water becoming can not dissociate in the compound of zwitterion (electrolyte) and original mixture becomes the compound of zwitterion (non-electrolyte), mainly organic being separated from each other.Another object of the present invention is to make the macromolecular substances that can not see through ionic membrane, become zwitterion no matter whether it ionizes, and is held back by ionic membrane, realize with mixture in water, electrolytical be separated from each other or part is separated.Also purpose of the present invention is to make the macromolecule organic acid salt hydrolysis that can not see through ionic membrane be converted into organic acid and free alkali, and free alkali and moisture are discharged by ionic membrane or part is discharged, and finally realize the concentration extraction of organic acid substance.Purpose of the present invention also has, and the Combination application of the ionic membrane by the different structure feature realizes that saline-water reclamation processes; And realize that salt-containing solution is produced and contain acid, contain aqueous slkali.
the separation method of described electrolyte and non-electrolyte, with anionic membrane and cationic membrane close contact, form a dividing plate that has towards the gap opening of below, its periphery contacts with the seal of vessel of the splendid attire aqueous solution, its top is immersed in the aqueous solution of mixture fully, stretch out at external container its below, make the moisture of separating out by the zwitterion film, can dissociate becomes the compound of ion material, outflow mixture solution constantly, the non-electrolyte concentration of the solution in container constantly increases, realize being separated from each other of electrolyte and two kinds of different materials of non-electrolyte.Perhaps, the aqueous solution in two parts container that described dividing plate is separated connects by the salt bridge mode, in order to remain that the ion in two parts solution can flow freely, and keeps the electroneutral of two parts solution.For the mixture solution that contains macromolecule organic acid salt, by continuous interpolation moisture, impel the hydrolysis of described macromolecule organic acid salt, the alkaline matter in hydrolysate and the moisture in mixture solution are separated out by the gap opening of above-mentioned zwitterion film dividing plate; The macromolecular organic acid production that finally can obtain concentrating is produced vitamin C as being used for by the vitamin sodium salt, and alkali lignin dealkalize etc. are similarly in technical process.In a word, said method can be applied to separate in separating of the various sewage that contain the organic matter that is dissolved in the aqueous solution and inorganic matter or the organic matter in mixture and inorganic matter and the concentrated purifying technique process of dewatering.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
under normal temperature and pressure, each of the cationic membrane that provides with the court of a feudal ruler, Beijing profit membrane technology development corporation, Ltd. and anionic membrane (size 40x80 centimetre), the rear picking-up in nylon leaching net covering bottom with the 400 commercially available minimal thickness of order forms the container-like of solution that can be filled with water respectively, again two container close proximity are formed contact-making surface, the opening of contact-making surface is towards the below, utilize fixture to make the zwitterion film close proximity of trying one's best at the contact-making surface place, in order to increase the chance of zwitterion film close contact, on nylon net cloth, zwitterion film correspondence position cuts the hole that differs in size, form a dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus with this zwitterion film, and the aqueous solution in two parts container is spaced from each other, in order to remain that the ion in two parts solution can flow freely, keep the electroneutral of two parts solution, two parts solution connects in " salt bridge " mode by the solution that is full of in thin plastics leather hose (1 centimetre of interior diameter).(annotate: can in advance two kinds of ionic membrane close contacts be combined during industrial applications, form the dividing plate with gap opening, put into mixed solution to be separated in the mode of flat sheet membrane, its periphery contacts with the seal of vessel of the splendid attire aqueous solution, and make the dividing plate opening below and in the outside of mixed solution.
Contain white sugar (mass content 10%) with dissolving preparation, the simulation mixed solution of salt (mass content 10%) is example, when utilizing separately anionic membrane or cationic membrane bending to hold together into the container of splendid attire, have no obvious moisture and can see through ionic membrane and flow out; But when this mixed solution was put into the container that above-mentioned zwitterion film is combined into, as seen the gap opening place that is combined to form at the zwitterion film contained the moisture of saline taste (sense of taste is salty, but not sugary sweet taste) and separates out.having illustrated dissociates becomes hydroxide ion and the chlorion of anion and dissociate becomes cationic hydrogen ion and sodium ion and attracts each other by anionic membrane and cationic membrane and at the contact-making surface place of zwitterion film respectively that reaction again becomes water and sodium chloride is discharged mixed solution, can not dissociate becomes the sugar of ion (organic matter) and is trapped within original solution, realized separating out moisture by the zwitterion film, can dissociate becomes the compound of ion material, provide as driving force with hydraulic pressure with Action of Gravity Field and separate required energy, outflow mixture solution constantly, non-electrolyte concentration in former mixed solution in container is constantly increased, realize being separated from each other or dewatering concentrated of electrolyte and two kinds of different materials of non-electrolyte.Obviously, increase the pressure of mixed solution, for example provide the static pressure mode by compressed air, will provide extra driving force to accelerate moisture and electrolytical separating out.In like manner, as with the resulting mixed solution of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolyzing biomass as processed mixed solution, sulfuric acid and moisture will be precipitated, and can be back to next step acid hydrolysis operation.In order to reduce the infringement to ionic membrane, mixed solution is preferably first through the solid content in coarse filtration removal mixed solution.
Flow out two kinds of gap openings that ionic membrane is combined to form for ease of the moisture of separating out and contained electrolyte substance, preferably put the thin layer with capillary function between the zwitterion film, the thickness of thin layer is as the criterion with the chemical bond again that does not affect after zwitterion is separated out from ionic membrane separately.The Bipolar Membrane of perhaps directly utilizing zwitterion replaces the above-mentioned dividing plate that is combined to form by single the moon or cationic membrane as dividing plate, and this moment, the centre of Bipolar Membrane became the passage that moisture, electrolyte are separated out.
Contain the large minute period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m that can not see through ionic membrane in above-mentioned mixed solution, the iris action of ionic membrane makes macromolecular substances be concentrated with the material that is difficult to dissociate or be separated with moisture, electrolytes material simultaneously.
Embodiment 2:
With commercially available alkali lignin powder 100 grams, 2000 milliliters of obtain solutions, its pH value is about 11.This mixed solution is put into the electrodialysis apparatus of embodiment 1, as seen contained the separating out of moisture of alkali.When moisture is separated out approximately half volume, replenish moisture content to original volume, through the several dialysis, in alkali lignin solution, alkali content reduces, pH value to 9.Example as can be known thus, for the mixture solution that contains macromolecule organic acid salt, by continuous interpolation moisture, impel the hydrolysis of described macromolecule organic acid salt, alkaline matter in hydrolysate and the moisture in mixture solution are separated out by the electrodialysis apparatus that above-mentioned zwitterion film dividing plate forms, and organic macromolecule or organic macromolecule ion are held back by ionic membrane, the macromolecule organic acid product that finally can obtain concentrating, produce vitamin C as being used for by the sodium salt of vitamin c, in the similar technical process such as alkali lignin dealkalize.
Embodiment 3:
Will be film formed with the anionic membrane in the dividing plate of gap opening or cationic membrane by zwitterion, one of them employing can only or mainly be selected to see through hydroxide ion or select to see through hydrionic anionic membrane or cationic membrane, when the aqueous solution that makes saliferous (as the aqueous solution of seawater or contains sodium sulfate) during through described dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus dialysis, respectively can only or main separating out contain alkali or contain acid solution, and the solution of holding back become contain acidity or contain alkalescence solution.Adopt respectively as the zwitterion film can only or mainly to see through hydroxide ion or hydrogen ion and select the anionic membrane or the cationic membrane that see through, what separate out is mainly the moisture of having desalinated, and the salting liquid that has concentrated.
When processing especially the salting liquid (as sodium sulphate) that contains high price anion acid group, above-mentioned anionic membrane adopts the only selective anionic membrane that sees through univalent anion (this moment, anions only had hydroxide ion to see through), and corresponding cationic membrane only selects to see through hydrionic film as adopting, what separate out is almost moisture, plays the effect of concentrated saline solns; But adopt as corresponding cationic membrane and can see through the metal cation film, what separate out is mainly the aqueous solution that contains alkali.
utilize the characteristic that in anionic membrane, hydrogen ion has high mobility and partly sees through, employing forms described dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus by two anionic membranes (substituting aforesaid zwitterion film combination) with different hydro ionic mobility, make salt-containing solution through the dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus of this spline structure, wherein, the anionic membrane of high hydrogen ion mobility plays the effect of cationic membrane, and low hydrogen ion sees through, the anionic membrane correspondence that high anion (acid ion) sees through plays the effect of anionic membrane, form a dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus of intending the zwitterion membrane structure, thereby separate out the solution that contains acid, accordingly, the solution of holding back is the solution that contains alkaline and residual salinity.If see through hydroxide ion and keep hydrionic mobility but described anionic membrane is only selective, the moisture that salt-containing solution is separated out desalinate, and the salt concentrate of holding back.
Perhaps utilize or make a kind of cationic membrane work done in the manner of a certain author that hydroxide radical anion is had certain mobility and be plan " anionic membrane ", intend that anionic membrane and another one do not see through hydroxide radical anion or lower mobility and the cationic membrane that hydrogen ion selective sees through is combined into aforesaid dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus with this, the aqueous solution of saliferous is processed through this electrodialysis apparatus dialysis, dialysis goes out is mainly the water of having desalinated, and the corresponding salting liquid that has concentrated of holding back.If but the non-selective hydrogen ion that sees through of the cationic membrane that adopts makes salt-containing solution separate out aqueous slkali, and the corresponding acid-containing solution of holding back.In order to increase the mobility of hydroxide ion in intending anionic membrane (cationic membrane), can be with the anode of the capillary interlayer between aforementioned two ionic membrane contact-making surfaces as electrode, and mixed solution is as negative electrode, but the current potential that applies still can not see through the level of the film that plays the cationic membrane effect higher than hydrogen ion or metal cation.
In a word, self-evident, said method can be applied to separate the various organic matter that is dissolved in the aqueous solution and the sewage of inorganic matter of containing, or the organic matter of the non-electrolyte that is difficult to dissociate in mixture and being separated from each other of inorganic matter, and the industrial various dehydration that contains the organic matter mixed solution concentrates in the purifying technique process.For example, at catering industry, sewage disposal can be extracted the concentrated nutrition material, in the sanitary sewage disposal process, extract concentrated fertilizer.
Claims (12)
1. the separation method of an electrolyte and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, with anionic membrane and cationic membrane close contact, form a dividing plate that has towards the gap opening of below, its periphery contacts with the seal of vessel of the splendid attire aqueous solution, and its top is immersed in mixture solution fully, and stretch out at external container its below, make the moisture of separating out by the zwitterion film, can dissociate becomes the compound of ion, outflow mixture solution constantly.
2. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 and non-electrolyte, is characterized in that, with Bipolar Membrane as described dividing plate.
3. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, for the mixture solution that contains macromolecule organic acid salt, by continuous interpolation moisture, impel described macromolecule organic acid salt hydrolysis, alkaline matter and the moisture in solution in hydrolysate are separated out by the gap opening of described dividing plate.
4. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 and non-electrolyte, is characterized in that, described dissociating becomes the compound of ion material and be acid, alkali, salts substances.
5. the separation method of an electrolyte and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, with the anionic membrane in described dividing plate or cationic membrane, one of them employing can only or mainly see through hydroxide ion or hydrionic anionic membrane or cationic membrane, make salt-containing solution through described dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus separate out contain alkali or contain acid solution, and hold back accordingly contain acidity or contain alkalescence solution.
6. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 5 and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, described anionic membrane and cationic membrane adopt respectively and can only or mainly see through hydroxide ion or hydrionic anionic membrane or cationic membrane, the aqueous solution that makes saliferous through described dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus separate out the moisture of having desalinated and concentrating of holding back saline solns.
7. the separation method of an electrolyte and non-electrolyte, is characterized in that, forms described baffle plate device by two anionic membranes with different hydro ionic mobility, make salt-containing solution separate out acid-containing solution and hold back contain aqueous slkali.
8. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 7 and non-electrolyte, is characterized in that, described anionic membrane selectively sees through hydroxide ion, the moisture that salt-containing solution is separated out desalinate, and the salt concentrate of holding back.
9. the separation method of an electrolyte and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, utilize a kind of cationic membrane that hydroxide radical anion is had certain mobility, with this cationic membrane and another one, hydroxide radical anion is not seen through or lower mobility and only selectively see through hydrionic cationic membrane and be combined into described dividing plate electrodialysis apparatus, the aqueous solution of saliferous is separated out be mainly the water of having desalinated, and the corresponding salting liquid that has concentrated of holding back.
10. the separation method of electrolyte as claimed in claim 9 and non-electrolyte, is characterized in that, the non-selective hydrogen ion that sees through of described cationic membrane makes salt-containing solution separate out aqueous slkali, and the corresponding acid-containing solution of holding back.
11. the separation method of an electrolyte and non-electrolyte, it is characterized in that, when processing especially the salting liquid that contains high price anion acid group, above-mentioned anionic membrane adopts the only selective film that sees through univalent anion, and corresponding cationic membrane adopts selection only to see through hydrionic film, separate out the moisture of having desalinated, and the corresponding salting liquid that has concentrated of holding back.
12. as the electrolyte of claim 11 and the separation method of non-electrolyte; It is characterized in that, above-mentioned anionic membrane adopts the only selective film that sees through univalent anion, and corresponding cationic membrane adopts the film that can see through metal cation, and what separate out is mainly the aqueous solution that contains alkali, and the corresponding acid-containing solution of holding back.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104090836A CN103100304A (en) | 2011-11-13 | 2011-11-13 | Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104090836A CN103100304A (en) | 2011-11-13 | 2011-11-13 | Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103100304A true CN103100304A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=48308698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104090836A Pending CN103100304A (en) | 2011-11-13 | 2011-11-13 | Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103100304A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016051351A1 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2016-04-07 | Stora Enso Oyj | A method of purifying lignin by subjecting a slurry comprising lignin to an electric field |
-
2011
- 2011-11-13 CN CN2011104090836A patent/CN103100304A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016051351A1 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2016-04-07 | Stora Enso Oyj | A method of purifying lignin by subjecting a slurry comprising lignin to an electric field |
| US10913759B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2021-02-09 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method of purifying lignin by subjecting a slurry comprising lignin to an electric field |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101117345B (en) | Method for extracting stevioside | |
| CN101541687B (en) | Simultaneous acid and base production from an aqueous stream | |
| CN106630040A (en) | Selective bipolar membrane electrodialysis system and application thereof | |
| CN109231623A (en) | A kind of new process of high salt high rigidity waste water reclaiming recycling soda acid | |
| Zhang et al. | Green production of sugar by membrane technology: How far is it from industrialization? | |
| CN209721842U (en) | A kind of softening of high-salt wastewater and enrichment facility | |
| CN103937913A (en) | White granulated sugar production technology | |
| Vecino et al. | Integration of monopolar and bipolar electrodialysis processes for tartaric acid recovery from residues of the winery industry | |
| CN105219892A (en) | A kind of xylose production process | |
| CN103787471A (en) | Device and method for processing sodium p-toluenesulfonate waste liquor | |
| CN106365251B (en) | A kind of starch syrup ion-exchange binder water recovery method | |
| CN101967106A (en) | Method for treating L-p-hydroxyphenylglycine desalting mother liquor by adopting bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology | |
| CN102493251B (en) | Papermaking red liquor sugar component using method | |
| CN104310682A (en) | A zero-discharge process for tartaric acid production wastewater | |
| CN101024645A (en) | Method for recovering hexamethylenetetramine and amino acetic acid from amino acetic acid dealcoholed mother liquid | |
| CN106631854B (en) | A method of inorganic salts in removal l-Alanine fermented feed liquid | |
| CN103100304A (en) | Separating method of electrolyte and non-electrolyte | |
| Wang et al. | Treatment of food industry foods and wastes by membrane filtration | |
| CN106746130A (en) | A kind of high-salt concentrated water zero-discharge treatment system and process | |
| Bazinet et al. | Recent patented applications of ion-exchange membranes in the agrifood sector | |
| DK146200B (en) | PROCEDURES FOR ENERGY-SAVING WASTEWORKING DERIVED FROM THE REGENERATION OF THE ION EXCHANGE AND ADSORPTION RESINTS used in the treatment of sugarcane | |
| CN106673144B (en) | A kind of electric nanofiltration device with low salt rejection rate and high rejection to organics rate | |
| CN105983251A (en) | Exchange and condensation method and device for ions in solution | |
| CN106188345B (en) | A kind of method that xylo-oligosaccharide and lignosulfonates are synchronously extracted in the preprocessing plant fibre waste liquid from neutral sulfite | |
| CN103127832A (en) | Separation method of substances in solution |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20130515 |