CN103094654A - Double beam integrated feed network - Google Patents

Abstract

The dual-beam integrated feed network proposed by the present invention aims to provide a feed network with easy control of amplitude and phase errors, small debugging workload, high reliability and low cost. The present invention is realized through the following scheme: 12 input signals E ₁ , E ₂ ... E ₁₂ are respectively divided into two signals by 12 2-equal power dividers, one of which is passed through the equal-phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board (1) Synthesize E _Σ1 , and the other path passes through the circuit board of ₁₂ different power dividers with different phases. The physical vertical interconnection structure connection between equal power divider circuit boards (1, 2) and 12 2 equal power dividers (3) and two output adapters (4) adopts coaxial cable and microstrip transfer way, the above two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards (1, 2) with different phase characteristics, 12 2 equal power dividers (3) and two output adapters (4) are all integrated in one feeder Inside the network box seat (6).

Description

Dual-beam integrated feed network

technical field

The invention relates to a dual-beam integrated feed network applied to a phased array antenna.

Background technique

The dual-beam feeding network is widely used in the dual-beam receiving system of the phased array antenna, and forms two receiving beams with different directions at the same time, one of which points to the normal direction of the antenna array, and the other beam deviates from the normal direction of the antenna array. Usually in the dual-beam feeding network, the 2 equal power dividers and the 12 unequal power dividers are placed separately and designed separately, and the 2 equal power dividers and the 12 unequal power dividers are connected by radio frequency cables. Such a dual-beam implementation method will bring the following problems: the structural space required to place the entire feed network is large; because the cables between the 2 equal power dividers and the 12 unequal power dividers have strict phase requirements , resulting in difficult cable processing and high cable costs; the phase error is not easy to control; the debugging work is very large; due to the large number of connecting cables, the reliability is very low; the cost of the entire dual-beam receiving and feeding network is very high.

Contents of the invention

The task of the present invention is to propose an amplitude and phase error that is easy to control, debug A dual-beam integrated feed network with low workload, high reliability and low cost.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions, a dual-beam integrated feed network, including: two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards 1, 2, 12 2 equal power dividers 3 with different phase characteristics , two output adapters 4, two cover plates 5 of 12 unequal power dividers and a feeder network box seat 6, characterized in that: 12-way input signals E ₁ , E ₂ ....E ₁₁ , E ₁₂ are respectively passed through 12 2 equal power dividers are equally divided into two signals, one of which is synthesized into E _Σ1 by the circuit board 1 of the equal phase 12 unequal power divider, and the other is passed through the unequal phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board 2 after phase delay Combining again, the delay phases of each channel are 0, φ, 2φ....10φ, 11φ signals are synthesized into E _Σ2 , two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics and 12 2 equal power dividers, The physical vertical interconnection structure connection between the two output adapters adopts coaxial cable and microstrip transfer, and the above two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics 1, 2, 12 2 equal power The divider 3 and the two output adapters 4 are all integrated in a feed network box seat 6, where: φ is the phase gradient, E is the signal amplitude, and e ^jφ is the phase.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

Based on the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an idea of integrating 2 equal power dividers, 12 unequal power dividers and delay lines to realize dual beams, reducing the structure of the dual beam feed network size. The present invention integrates all the devices in a feeding network box seat, and the physical vertical interconnection structure and the feeding network box seat, 12 unequal power divider cover plates, 2 equal power divider cover plates and the bottom plate are uniformly designed. The physical vertical interconnection structure between the equal power divider, the 2 equal power divider and the output adapter is realized by means of coaxial cable and microstrip transfer, thereby reducing the lateral size of the dual-beam feed network, using The small 2-equal power divider and 12 unequal power dividers designed by stripline reduce the height of the double-beam feed network, and the size of the feed network box seat can be reduced to 200×132×16.5mm.

The reliability of the dual-beam feeding network is improved. In the present invention, all devices are integrated in a feed network box seat, and the connection between 2 equal power dividers and 12 unequal power dividers with different phase characteristics is realized by a physical vertical interconnection structure, and there is no RF connection port, which improves system reliability.

The amplitude and phase accuracy of the dual-beam feeding network is improved. In the present invention, all devices are integrated and designed, taking into account the mutual influence between each device, the physical vertical interconnection structure between 2 equal power dividers and 12 unequal power dividers improves the phase accuracy of each port, and integrates the feed network The amplitude accuracy can reach ±0.4dB, and the phase accuracy can reach ±4°.

The commissioning work of the dual-beam feeding network is reduced. After the integrated dual-beam feed network designed by the present invention is assembled, only parameter tests need to be carried out without too much debugging work. Compared with the design scheme where 2 equal power dividers and 12 unequal power dividers are placed separately, the debugging workload is much greater reduce.

The cost of the dual-beam feeding network is reduced. The present invention integrates all the devices in a feeding network box seat, reducing 24 high-phase precision radio frequency cables and 48 radio frequency connectors, and the cost is only 2 equal power dividers and 12 unequal power dividers are placed separately. 1/3 of the design scheme.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the circuit principle of the dual-beam integrated feed network of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the dual-beam integrated feed network of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the dual-beam integrated feed network box base of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the cover plate structure of the 12 unequal power dividers of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the structure of the 2-equal power divider of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the structure of the output adapter of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a topological structure diagram of 12 unequal power dividers in the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Equal phase 12 unequal power divider, 2. Unequal phase 12 unequal power divider, 3.2 Equal power divider, 4. Output adapter, 5.12 Cover plate of unequal power divider, 6. Feed network box seat, 7. I-shaped block, 8. Front compartment, 9. Lightening hole, 10. Middle compartment, 11. Rear compartment, 12. U-shaped block, 13.2 Equal power divider/output adapter cover plate, 14.2 Equal power divider/output adapter bottom plate, 15. Coaxial cable, 16. Connector, 17.2 Equal power divider circuit board, 18. Output adapter circuit board.

Detailed ways

See Figure 1. In a preferred embodiment described below, the dual-beam integrated feed network includes: two 12 unequal power dividers with different phase characteristics, 12 2 equal power dividers, two output adapters 4, Two 12 unequal power divider cover plates 5 and feed network box base 6, in which 12 input signals E ₁ , E ₂ ....E ₁₁ , E ₁₂ are divided into two equally through 12 2 equal power dividers The signals are synthesized into E _Σ1 through equal-phase 12 unequal power dividers, and the other way is synthesized after phase delay through unequal phase 12 unequal power dividers. The delayed phases of each channel are 0, φ, 2φ... .10φ, 11φ signals are synthesized into E _Σ2 , which can be specifically described as: E _{Σ 1} ＝E ₁ +E ₂ +…+E ₁₁ +E ₁₂ ; E _Σ2 ＝E ₁ +E ₂ e ^jφ +…+E ₁₁ e ^j10φ +E ₁₂ e ^j11φ , where: φ is the phase gradient, E is the signal amplitude, and e ^jφ is the phase. If the meaning of the upper and lower corner marks is not supplemented, it cannot be supplemented when the examiner requests supplementation. Integrating the above 2 equal power dividers, 12 unequal power dividers with different phase characteristics and delay lines to realize the design idea of dual beams, there are two design schemes:

Example 1

The first scheme adopts stripline multi-layer structure, designs 2 equal power dividers and equal phase 12 unequal power dividers 1 in one plane, and designs unequal phase 12 unequal power dividers 2 in another plane Inside, the signal transmission between the two layers is realized by metallized holes. This solution has high requirements on the processing technology of the microstrip board, and it is extremely difficult to realize the project.

Example 2

In the second scheme, the 2 equal power dividers and the 12 unequal power dividers with different phase characteristics are designed separately. The connection structure realizes the signal transmission between the two, and all the devices are integrated in a feed network box seat 6. This scheme has lower requirements on the processing technology of the microstrip board, but it has a higher impact on the structural design and The processing puts forward higher requirements, and the engineering realization is relatively easy. The best embodiment of the present invention is to adopt second kind of scheme to realize.

Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3. In the following embodiments, a dual-beam feeding network with a size of 200×132×16.5 mm is taken as the best embodiment. Since there are many devices that make up the dual-beam feed network, the feed network body is structurally divided into four parts: equal phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board 1, unequal phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board 2, 2 equal power splitter 3 and output adapter 4. In terms of structural layout, in order to place all devices in a limited space, two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics are embedded back-to-back in parallel into the rectangular shape of the cabin 10 in the feeder network box seat 6 shown in Figure 4 In the cavity, and the distance between the above two circuit boards is exactly the distance between the output ports of the 2 equal power dividers 3. Two output adapters 4 and 12 equal power splitters 3 are horizontally fixed in the front cabin respectively through the notch slots formed by the fixedly connected I-shaped blocks 7 and U-shaped blocks 12 arranged at intervals on both sides of the feed network box seat 6 8 and in the back compartment 11, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable of the output adapter 4 and 2 equal power dividers 3 is welded to the metal conductor position at the slotted place on the circuit board 2 of the 12 different power dividers. 12 unequal power divider cover plate 5 is used to fix two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics, ensuring 12 unequal power divider circuit boards and 2 equal power divider 3, output adapter 4 Reliable transmission of signals between. Two back-to-back 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics 1, 2, 12 2 equal power dividers 3, and two output adapters 4 are connected through a physical vertical interconnection structure and integrated in a feed network box Inside seat 6.

Refer to Figure 4. The 12 2 equal power dividers, the two output adapters 4 and the two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards 1 and 2 with different phase characteristics are structurally independent. The performance requirements of the electrical network must remain relatively fixed. Therefore, the feeder network box seat 6 is designed as a rectangle in which four 2 equal power dividers and one output adapter 4 are fixed, and two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics are embedded in parallel. Cabin 10 in the body, the rear cabin 11 of fixing 8 second-class power dividers and 1 output adapter 4, three cabins in total. The front cabin 8 is provided with I-shaped blocks 7 arranged in parallel and spaced intervals along the longitudinal direction of the box body, and the I-shaped blocks 7 are arranged at intervals and fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the box body to form a structure for placing 4 second-class power dividers and 1 output adapter 4 Outer notch slot, the output adapter 4 is fixed on the bottom plate of the box body in the space between the I-shaped blocks 7 in the middle of the front cabin 8 by screws, and the four second-class power dividers are respectively fixed in the space between the I-shaped blocks 7 on both sides of the front cabin 8 on the bottom of the box. The rear compartment 11 is provided with U-shaped blocks 12 fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the box body arranged at equal intervals in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the box body, forming a groove for fixedly placing 8 second-class power dividers and 1 output adapter, and the output The adapter 4 is fixed in the groove between the U-shaped blocks 12 in the middle of the rear compartment 11, and 8 second-class power dividers are respectively fixed in the grooves between the U-shaped blocks 12 on both sides of the rear compartment. The middle cabin 10 located in the middle of the feeder network box seat is a cabin body in which two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics are placed back to back, and a lightening hole 9 is opened at the bottom of the cabin body. Two circuit boards of 12 unequal power dividers with different phase characteristics, 12 2 equal power dividers, and the output adapter 4 are all fixed on the feed network box base, which ensures the relative fixation of the two.

See Figure 5. In order to solve the influence of electromagnetic leakage on the performance of the dual-beam feed network, the cover plate 5 of the 12 unequal power dividers should completely cover the welding points of the circuit boards 1 and 2 of the 12 unequal power dividers and the coaxial cable 15, so that the signal No external radiation, ensuring reliable signal transmission. The slot on the cover plate is a space reserved for avoiding geometric interference of the coaxial cable.

Refer to Fig. 6. The 2nd equal power divider is composed of 2nd equal power divider cover plate 13, 2nd equal power divider base plate 14, coaxial cable 15, 2nd equal power divider circuit board 17, and connector 16. 2nd equal power divider bottom plate 14 is used for fixing 2nd equal power divider circuit board 17, connector 16 and coaxial cable 15, has guaranteed the relative fixing of 2nd equal power divider circuit board 17 and coaxial cable 15, connector 16 . In order to solve the influence of electromagnetic leakage on the performance of the dual-beam feeder network, the cover plate 13 of the 2nd equal power divider should weld the connector 16 and the 2nd equal power divider circuit board 17 and the coaxial cable 15 and the 2nd equal power divider circuit The welding part of the board 17 is completely covered, so that the transmission signal is not radiated to the outside, and the reliable transmission of the signal is guaranteed.

See Figure 7. The output adapter is composed of an output adapter cover plate 13 , an output adapter base plate 14 , a coaxial cable 15 , an output adapter circuit board 18 , and a connector 16 . The output adapter base plate 14 is used to fix the output adapter circuit board 18 , the connector 16 and the coaxial cable 15 , ensuring the relative fixing of the output adapter circuit board 18 and the coaxial cable 15 and the connector 16 . In order to solve the influence of electromagnetic leakage on the performance of the double-beam feeder network, the output adapter cover plate 13 should weld the connector 16 and the output adapter circuit board 18 and the joint between the coaxial cable 15 and the output adapter circuit board 18 The welding part is completely covered, so that the transmission signal is not radiated to the outside, and the reliable transmission of the signal is guaranteed.

Refer to Fig. 8. The 2 equal power divider, the output adapter and the 12 unequal power divider are all implemented with a stripline structure, and the dielectric constant of the microstrip material is 2.2. According to the amplitude distribution of the 12 unequal power dividers, according to the power division ratio of each unit 2 power divider, as shown in Table 1, the serial numbers 1-10 in the figure and table represent the power of the unit 2 that constitutes the 12 unequal power dividers. The number of the divider is as close as possible to 1 to determine the circuit topology of the 12 unequal power dividers. According to the angle requirement of the receiving beam deviating from the normal, the phase gradient of the adjacent port is calculated and determined according to the formula φ=2πdsinθ/Λ, the formula Middle: Φ indicates the phase gradient, θ indicates the beam deviation angle, and Λ indicates the operating frequency wavelength. Ansoft HFSS simulation software can be used to design the 2 power dividers of each unit. After the design of the 2 power dividers of each unit is completed, use coaxial cables 15 to connect the 2 equal power dividers and 12 different phase characteristics according to the structural requirements. The power divider and output adapter are connected together, and then the overall simulation design is carried out by using Ansoft HFSS simulation software.

Table 1 Power division ratio of unit 2 power divider

Divider No. power ratio Divider No. power ratio Divider No. power ratio 1 1.117 5 1.221 9 2.298 2 1.127 6 1.035 10 1.039 3 1.306 7 1.515 11 1.633 4 1.313 8 1.607

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the principles of the present invention. Equivalent transformations of similar structures of the same type all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A dual beam integrated feed network, including: two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards (1, 2) with different phase characteristics, 12 2 equal power dividers (3), two output transfers device (4), two cover plates (5) of 12 unequal power dividers and a feeder network box seat (6), characterized in that: 12-way input signals E ₁ , E ₂ .... E ₁₁ , E ₁₂ are respectively passed through 12 2-equal power dividers are equally divided into two-way signals, one of which is synthesized into E _Σ1 through the equal-phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board (1), and the other is passed through the unequal-phase 12 unequal power divider circuit board (2 ) phase delay and then synthesize, the delayed phases of each channel are 0, φ, 2φ….10φ, 11φ signals are synthesized into E _Σ2 , two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics and 12 2 etc. The power divider and the physical vertical interconnection structure connection between the two output adapters adopt coaxial cables and microstrip transfers, and the above two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards (1, 2) with different phase characteristics, 12 2 equal power dividers (3) and two output adapters (4) are all integrated in a feed network box (6), where: φ is the phase gradient, E is the signal amplitude, e ^jφ is the phase . 2. A dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2 equal power divider planes and 12 unequal power divider planes with different phase characteristics are placed vertically, and are realized by a physical vertical interconnection structure For signal transmission between the two, all devices are integrated in a feeder network box seat (6). 3. A dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 1, characterized in that: two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards with different phase characteristics are embedded back to back in parallel in the middle compartment of the feed network box seat (6) (10) in the rectangular cavity, and the distance between the above two circuit boards is just in time for the output port spacing of the 2 equal power dividers (3). 4. A kind of dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 1, characterized in that: two output adapters (4) and 12 2 equal power dividers (3), through the feed network box seat ( 6) The gap grooves formed by the fixedly connected I-shaped blocks (7) and U-shaped blocks (12) arranged at intervals on both sides are fixed horizontally in the front cabin (8) and the rear cabin (11) respectively, and the output adapter (4) The inner conductor of the coaxial cable with the 2 equal power dividers (3) is welded to the metal conductor position at the grooved place on the 12 different power divider circuit boards (2). 5. A dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed network box seat (6) is designed to fix four 2-equal power dividers and one output adapter (4) The front compartment (8), the rectangular middle compartment (10) with two 12 unequal power divider circuit boards embedded in parallel with two different phase characteristics, fixed 8 2 equal power dividers and 1 output adapter (4 ) of the rear cabin (11), a total of three cabins. 6. A dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 6, characterized in that: the front cabin (8) is provided with I-shaped blocks (7) arranged in parallel and spaced intervals along the longitudinal direction of the box, and the I-shaped blocks ( 7) Arranged at intervals and fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the box body to form an outer notch slot for placing 4 equal power dividers and 1 output adapter (4), and the output adapter (4) is fixed on the front cabin by screws (8) on the box body bottom plate of the intermediate I-shaped block (7) space, 4 second-class power dividers are respectively fixed on the box body bottom plate of the front cabin (8) both sides I-shaped block (7) space. 7. A dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 6, characterized in that: the rear cabin (11) is provided with U-shaped blocks parallel to the longitudinal direction of the box body, arranged at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the box body (12), form the groove that 8 2nd-class power dividers and 1 output adapter are fixedly placed, and the output adapter (4) is fixed in the ditch between the middle U-shaped blocks (12) of the back cabin (11) In the groove, 8 second-class power dividers are respectively fixed in the groove between the U-shaped blocks (12) on both sides of the back cabin. 8. A kind of dual-beam integrated feed network according to claim 1, characterized in that: 12 unequal power divider cover plates (5) will (12) unequal power divider circuit boards (1, 2) and The welding place of coaxial cable (15) is covered completely, and the groove that is opened on the cover plate is the space reserved in order to avoid coaxial cable geometric position interference.

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