CN103091702B - Double-layer gadolinium-doped impedance board detector and neutron detecting method thereof - Google Patents
Double-layer gadolinium-doped impedance board detector and neutron detecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-layer gadolinium-doped impedance board detector and a neutron detecting method thereof. A structure of two layers of detectors is adopted. Discrimination of whether an external charge particle is a thermal neutron is achieved due to the fact that different working voltage is loaded by the two layers of detectors. Numerical reading electrodes on two sides of each layer of detectors are massive matrix electrodes, and then location of a thermal neutron current can be discriminated clearly.
Description
The divisional application that the application is, application number that submit on August 28th, 2009 is 200910169723.3, denomination of invention is China's application of " a kind of detector mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium and formation thereof ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas detector, particularly relate to a kind of method that bilayer mixes the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium and detected neutron thereof.
Background technology
Resistive partitioned detector is a kind of gas detector for detecting high energy particle, resistive partitioned detector of the prior art directly utilizes the resistive plate of the insulation of high bulk resistivity to load working voltage to form applied electric field, when external incident particle-irradiation or pass through resistive partitioned detector, the working gas in certain region inner for resistive for ionization partitioned detector is produced ionizing particle; Under the highfield effect formed by the operate outside high pressure being loaded into graphite electrode, and then there is snowslide amplification and streamer amplification in ionizing particle, produces avalanche signal or optical signal.
The structure of resistive partitioned detector as shown in Figure 1, the parallel placement of two blocks of resistive plates 1, respectively at the uniform graphite electrode 2 of outer surface one deck of described two blocks of resistive plates 1 as the negative electrode of power supply and anode, at the skin of graphite electrode 2 by the insulating material 3 of one deck be connected with printed circuit board signal electrode 4.After the working gas in the resistive partitioned detector of this structure of external incident particle ionization certain region interior, ionizing particle and then snowslide amplification and streamer occur amplify, after producing avalanche signal or optical signal, the change of electric field can be caused on the anodic-cathodic respective regions surface of this resistive plate simultaneously, these induced charge small parts are fallen by resistive plate Absorption of Medium, all the other major parts are passing through this insulating material 3, to induce corresponding signal on printed circuit board (PCB) reading electrode 4, what know incident particle with this hits the characteristics such as position, induced charge and time response.
Different from high energy charged particles and high-energy photon, neutron can not occur to take coulomb interaction as the electromagnetic interaction of medium, ionization or exciting media atom with detector medium; Also can not with medium generation photoelectric effect, Compton scattering etc., so neutron, not easily by direct detection, is generally the detection that nuclear scattering by occurring with the atomic nucleus of detector medium or nuclear reaction realize to neutron.
Common thermal neutron detector is generally the very high imaging detector of positional precision, and not only useful detection area is little, and expensive, is unfavorable for that monitor large-area has the ambient field of neutron irradiation.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and is easy to the large area of large-scale production, the bilayer of low cost mixes the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium, to allow to tell thermal neutron from multiparticle source,
Bilayer according to the present invention is mixed the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium and is comprised: two the first detectors in parallel and the second detector, wherein said first detector and described second detector comprise two pieces in opposite directions and right resistive plate, two pieces of graphite electrodes that side is connected with the outside of described two blocks of resistive plates respectively and two pieces of reading electrodes being connected with the opposite side of described two pieces of graphite electrodes respectively by a dielectric film respectively, described two blocks of resistive plates at least one of them for mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium; The reading electrode that wherein said first detector is adjacent with described second detector is a public reading electrode, and the reading electrode being positioned at described first detector outside and the reading electrode that is positioned at described second detector outside are all the matrix electrodes be made up of multiple matrix unit; The operating voltage of described first detector and the operating voltage of described second detector have certain voltage difference.
According to one embodiment of present invention, mix in the resistive plate of gadolinium at described bilayer, the graphite electrode of described first detector adjacent with described public reading electrode respectively and the graphite electrode of described second detector load identical voltage, and another graphite electrode of described first detector and another graphite electrode of described second detector load different voltage.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the voltage on another graphite electrode of described first detector is carried in described in and the voltage difference be carried between the voltage on another graphite electrode of described second detector is 500-1000V.
The present invention also provides a kind of method adopting above-mentioned bilayer to mix gadolinium resistive partitioned detector detection thermal neutron, and described method is: load different operating voltage to described first detector and described second detector respectively; When external incident particle and described bilayer mix the resistive detector of gadolinium react time, judge whether consistent be positioned at described first detector composes with the signal amplitude that the matrix unit at any opposite position place of described second detector exports, be be gamma-ray photon or other particle at the described external incident particle of this matrix unit position described, otherwise be thermal neutron at the described external incident particle of this matrix unit position described.
As shown from the above technical solution, embodiments of the invention by adopting the double-deck detector mixed the resistive plate of gadolinium and be made into, thus can tell thermal neutron from multiparticle source, have following beneficial effect:
1, mixing the resistive plate material of gadolinium described in is hydrocarbon substance, is good moderation of neutrons body, and insensitive to γ photon, can screen out thermal neutron well;
2, described employing is mixed the resistive plate of gadolinium to form the geometry of detector simple, range of size is very wide, the detector that area is very large can be made, compared to other detectors, detector of the present invention is cheap, and be easy to large-scale production, the wall-detector of large area, low cost can be made, realize the monitoring to environmental neutron background.
3, the form of two-layer panel detector structure can be adopted, respectively different operating voltage is loaded whether to differentiate external belt charged particle for thermal neutron to two-layer detector, and more clearly can differentiate the position of thermal neutron further by adopting the reading electrode of Block matrix electrode.
By referring to accompanying drawing description of a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of resistive partitioned detector in prior art;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention adopts the signal amplitude spectrum of mixing gadolinium resistive plate detected neutron source and gamma-ray photon source.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention adopts the signal amplitude of mixing gadolinium resistive plate detected neutron source and gamma-ray photon source to compose the change curve of peak position central value with operating voltage;
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that an embodiment of the present invention mixes the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the individual layer shown in Fig. 5 mixes a kind of matrix structure graphite electrode of the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the individual layer shown in Fig. 5 mixes a kind of matrix structure reading electrode of the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation that the another kind of embodiment bilayer of the present invention mixes the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that the bilayer shown in Fig. 8 mixes a kind of matrix structure reading electrode of the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium.
Embodiment
Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below.It should be noted that the embodiments described herein is only for illustrating, is not limited to the present invention.
Before describing the present invention in detail, here to identify neutron source and gamma-ray photon source, elder generation is illustratively of the present invention mixes the principle that the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium screens out thermal neutron from different particle.
Different operating voltage is loaded in resistive partitioned detector perform region, different electric fields can be formed in resistive partitioned detector subrange, and the snowslide of multiparticle effect in different electric fields of gadolinium atom and thermal-neutron reaction, streamer amplify degree varies sample, the signal amplitude detected is also different, therefore the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium is mixed when different operating high pressure, accept the irradiation in neutron source and gamma-ray photon source, the amplitude spectrum that it detects is different, as shown in Figure 2.Under different operating condition of high voltage, the amplitude spectrum mixing the gamma-ray photon that the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium detects is more stable, and the amplitude spectrum of the neutron source detected then increases gradually with the raising of detector working voltage.
Above-mentioned amplitude spectrum is carried out Gauss curve fitting, and obtain its amplitude spectrum peak position central value data, its variation tendency along with different operating high pressure as shown in Figure 3.Clearly see when the working voltage of resistive partitioned detector reaches nominal working conditions, continue to increase working voltage, its gamma-ray photon detected amplitude spectrum substantially no longer change, but the amplitude spectrum of the neutron source detected is all the time in increase tendency.Can simply select different working voltages thus, detected neutron source and gamma-ray photon radioactive source, compare the difference of its amplitude spectrum peak position, can realize the examination to neutron source and gamma-ray photon source simultaneously.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of resistive partitioned detector, this detector adopts mixes the resistive plate of gadolinium, different operating voltage is loaded to this detector perform region, thermal neutron and gadolinium are reacted, sense according to from this detector readings electrode the difference that signal amplitude is composed, from external incident particle, tell thermal neutron.
Before the resistive partitioned detector of explanation the present invention, the structure of mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium shown in composition graphs 4, first describes the manufacture craft of mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium.
As shown in Figure 4, mix the resistive plate of gadolinium and be divided into three layers, one deck mixes gadolinium coating facial tissue 41, and one deck is common facial tissue 43, at common facial tissue 43 with to mix between gadolinium coating facial tissue 41 be one deck inner core material 42.
Particularly, mix gadolinium coating facial tissue 41 to make through the following steps: gadolinium oxide powders is blended in glue, is transferred on facial tissue by gravure application, after drying, complete the printing of mixing gadolinium coating; Print above-mentioned the impregnation that the facial tissue mixing gadolinium coating carries out melamine glue, made its surface apply one deck melamine glue again, through the dry also semi-solid preparation of drying oven, become and mix gadolinium coating facial tissue 41.The thickness mixing gadolinium coating can be regulated by methods such as the concentration of change glue, print pass, the scraper of intaglio press and the spacing of facial tissue.Coating thickness will affect the detection efficiency of absorption layer to neutron.
Particularly, facial tissue 43 adopts the special titanium white facing paper of decorative panel, impregnated melamine resin, dry and solidify through drying oven, becomes facial tissue 43.
Particularly, inner core material 42 adopts electric insulation impregnated paper impregnated phenolic resin, carries out drying and semi-solid preparation, become inner core material 42 through drying oven.
Above-mentioned each layer make complete after, then will mixing gadolinium coating facial tissue 41 according to the method shown in Fig. 4, after inner core material 42, facial tissue 43 stack successively, being pressed into composite laminate through High Temperature High Pressure, for mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium with electroplating polishing stainless steel template 44.Between pressed material and presed-steel plate, release agent 45 can be added, the surface smoothness of resistive plate can be improved thus.
Here should be noted that mix gadolinium coating facial tissue 41, inner core material 42, facial tissue 43 dry solidification situation will affect resistive plate body resistivity, regulate its drying time in drying oven, the control to resistive plate material body resistivity can be completed.And in the one-body molded pressing process of above-mentioned High Temperature High Pressure, by adjustment temperature, pressure, press time, the performances such as the body resistivity of resistive plate material will be regulated.
Adopt the above-mentioned detector mixed the resistive plate of gadolinium and make, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, its concrete structure as shown in Figure 5, mainly comprises two blocks of resistive plates, two graphite electrodes and two reading electrodes.Wherein two blocks of resistive plates 51 are right in opposite directions, wherein one block of resistive plate scribble and mix gadolinium coating 56, can form air gap 55 in the middle of two-layer resistive plate by pad; Load operating voltage to respectively two blocks of resistive plates 51 by two graphite linings 52, one of them graphite electrode loads the voltage of noble potential, another block graphite electrode loads the voltage (, also referred to as anode graphite electrode, the graphite electrode of electronegative potential is also referred to as negative electrode graphite electrode for the graphite electrode of noble potential) of electronegative potential; Two pieces of reading electrodes 54 insulate respectively by dielectric film 53 and graphite linings 52, the reading electrode adjacent with anode graphite electrode is anode reading electrode, the reading electrode adjacent with negative electrode graphite electrode is negative electrode reading electrode, and negative electrode reading electrode is generally complete grounding copper membrane electrode.
Described two graphite electrodes load the operating voltage of noble potential and electronegative potential, condition under the pressure reduction demand fulfillment of its noble potential and electronegative potential enables detector be operated in streamer mode, according to the difference of the resistive plate material body resistivity adopted, its working voltage is different, preferably, this working voltage mixing the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium is at more than 7000v.
Preferably, two blocks of resistive plates in the detector in said structure can adopt mixes the resistive plate of gadolinium, to make the performance more improving detector.
The working gas in certain region inner for resistive for ionization partitioned detector, when there being the particle of certain energy (charged particle, gamma-ray photon) irradiate or pass through, is produced ionizing particle by described detector; Under the highfield effect formed by the operate outside high pressure being loaded into graphite electrode, and then there is snowslide amplification and streamer amplification in ionizing particle, produces avalanche signal or optical signal.When thermal neutron line 57 incident irradiance mixes certain perform region of the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium, thermal neutron can occur wink to send out nuclear reaction with the gadolinium atom mixed in gadolinium coating in this perform region, produces the secondarys such as Auger electron, gamma-rays, X ray, internal conversion electron.These secondarys can ionize working gas equally and produce negative ions pair in this detector inside, under highfield effect, and then snowslide amplification or streamer amplification occur, form avalanche signal or optical signal.A neutron is captured the effect occurring to send out nuclear reaction wink by gadolinium, be equivalent to the effect of incident same position while of multiple charged particle or multiple gamma-ray photon.
When resistive partitioned detector works in steady state (SS), when non-neutron streaming irradiates, the large young pathbreaker of optical signal produced in its detector has nothing to do in incident particle, and the signal amplitude spectrum that its reading electrode senses will not change with the change of working voltage.And when thermal neutron is incident, by with detector inside mix gadolinium coating generation neutron death, occur wink send out nuclear reaction, produce multiple secondary, due to multiparticle effect, its signal amplitude responded on detector readings electrode is difference to some extent by the difference with working voltage.By changing the operating voltage that graphite electrode loads, the signal 58 that observed reading electrode induces, if along with the increase of operating voltage, the amplitude spectrum of induced signal is more stable, then this external particles source is not thermal neutron, if instead along with the increase of operating voltage, the amplitude spectrum of read output signal also increases gradually, then this external particles source is thermal source.
Above-mentioned employing detector is differentiated in the method for thermal neutron, need the operating voltage constantly changing detector, and the operating voltage of detector is loaded by two graphite electrodes, in order to clearly tell the position of hankering subflow, according to another embodiment of the invention, anode graphite electrode is divided into the electrode of Block matrix type, different matrix units loads different voltage, realize loading different operating voltage in same detector regional area with this, thus form different electric fields in zones of different.
As shown in Figure 6, anode graphite electrode is divided into the adjacent multiple category-A graphite electrode 61 of intersection and multiple category-B graphite electrode 62, and the quantity of category-A graphite electrode 61 and category-B graphite electrode 62 is determined according to the precision of required position, and position accuracy demand is higher, and its quantity is more.Category-A graphite electrode and category-B graphite electrode are respectively by category-A high-tension cable 63 and category-B high-tension cable 64 on-load voltage, the voltage that it loads is different, for ease of the change of observation signal amplitude spectrum, preferably, category-A graphite electrode and category-B graphite electrode on-load voltage have the voltage difference of 500-1000V.
Correspondingly, reading electrode also needs for Block matrix shape, concrete structure as shown in Figure 7, reading electrode is also divided into multiple category-A reading electrode 71 and multiple category-B reading electrode 72, respectively with the position one_to_one corresponding of category-A graphite electrode 61 and multiple category-B graphite electrode 62, category-A reading electrode 71 corresponding A class graphite electrode 61 loads high pressure and forms the signal that electric field produces; The corresponding category-B graphite electrode 62 of category-B reading electrode 71 loads the signal that high pressure forms electric field generation.Here exported the signal of multiple category-A reading electrode 71 and multiple category-B reading electrode 72 by category-A signal cable 73 and category-B signal cable 74, the signal amplitude spectrum exported by the category-A reading electrode and category-B reading electrode comparing adjacent position differentiates whether incident particle is thermal neutron.Certainly can be combined as a detection junior unit with 4 of an adjacent position matrix unit here, a, b, c, d matrix unit is as shown in Figure 7 combined as a probe unit.Electric field corresponding to a, d matrix unit is different from the electric field of b, c matrix unit, so can differentiate radioactive source by them to the similarities and differences of identical radioactive source detection amplitude spectrum whether have thermal neutron composition.
According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the form of two-layer panel detector structure can be adopted, respectively different operating voltage is loaded whether to differentiate external belt charged particle for thermal neutron to two-layer detector, concrete structure as depicted in figure 8, two detectors are placed side by side, wherein the detector in left side is the first detector, the detector on right side is the second detector, first detector and the second detector all adopt the structure shown in Fig. 5, wherein the first detector and the public reading electrode 87 of the second detector, in general, public reading electrode is ground-electrode, the monoblock copper sheet with resistive plate formed objects can be adopted.The operating voltage that two-layer detector is loaded by graphite electrode is not identical, here in the present invention, not necessarily require that the voltage that each graphite electrode of two-layer detector loads is not identical, different load modes can be had according to concrete high-pressure insert, such as, the graphite electrode of same high-pressure insert to two-layer detector electronegative potential can be adopted to load same low-potential voltage, as long as meet the operating voltage that two-layer detector loads there is certain potential difference (PD), preferably, there is the pressure reduction of 500-1000V.
Here it is noted that four resistive plates 81 in two-layer detector all for mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium, also can be able to being that any one the resistive plate in each detector replaces with mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium, specifically deciding as circumstances require.In order to more clearly tell the position of hankering subflow, another reading electrode being positioned at both sides of first detector and the second detector adopts Block matrix electrode, as shown in Figure 9, each matrix unit 91 draws signal by different signal cables 92, the amplitude spectrum of more two-layer like this detector same position place matrix unit (laying respectively at the matrix reading electrode unit of the identical public reading electrode position of the correspondence of both sides), if find that the amplitude spectrum that certain matrix unit exports is inconsistent, then show that this matrix unit position is thermal source, otherwise, quite different.
Although exemplary embodiment describe the present invention with reference to several, should be appreciated that term used illustrates and exemplary and nonrestrictive term.Spirit or the essence of invention is not departed from because the present invention can specifically implement in a variety of forms, so be to be understood that, above-described embodiment is not limited to any aforesaid details, and explain widely in the spirit and scope that should limit in claim of enclosing, therefore fall into whole change in claim or its equivalent scope and remodeling and all should be claim of enclosing and contained.
Claims (4)
1. bilayer mixes the resistive partitioned detector of gadolinium, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Two the first detectors in parallel and the second detector, wherein said first detector and described second detector comprise two pieces in opposite directions and right resistive plate, two pieces of graphite electrodes that side is connected with the outside of described two blocks of resistive plates respectively and two pieces of reading electrodes being connected with the opposite side of described two pieces of graphite electrodes respectively by a dielectric film respectively, described two blocks of resistive plates at least one of them for mixing the resistive plate of gadolinium;
The reading electrode that wherein said first detector is adjacent with described second detector is a public reading electrode, and the reading electrode being positioned at described first detector outside and the reading electrode that is positioned at described second detector outside are all the matrix electrodes be made up of multiple matrix unit;
Wherein said first detector and described second detector load operating voltage respectively by its respective two pieces of graphite electrodes, and the operating voltage of described first detector and the operating voltage of described second detector have certain voltage difference.
2. detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the graphite electrode of described first detector adjacent with described public reading electrode respectively and the graphite electrode of described second detector load identical voltage, and another graphite electrode of described first detector and another graphite electrode of described second detector load different voltage.
3. detector according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described in be carried in the voltage on another graphite electrode of described first detector and the voltage difference be carried between the voltage on another graphite electrode of described second detector is 500-1000V.
4. adopt the bilayer as described in any one of claim 1-3 to mix a method for gadolinium resistive partitioned detector detection thermal neutron, it is characterized in that, described method is:
Respectively different operating voltage is loaded to described first detector and described second detector;
When external incident particle and described bilayer mix the resistive detector of gadolinium react time, judge whether consistent be positioned at described first detector composes with the signal amplitude that the matrix unit at any opposite position place of described second detector exports, be be gamma-ray photon or other particle at the described external incident particle of this matrix unit position described, otherwise be thermal neutron at the described external incident particle of this matrix unit position described.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310009607.1A CN103091702B (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2009-08-28 | Double-layer gadolinium-doped impedance board detector and neutron detecting method thereof |
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| CN201310009607.1A CN103091702B (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2009-08-28 | Double-layer gadolinium-doped impedance board detector and neutron detecting method thereof |
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| CN 200910169723 Division CN101995581B (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2009-08-28 | Single-layer gadolinium-doped resistive plate detector and method for detecting neutron thereof |
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| CN103091702B true CN103091702B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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