CN103091476B - A kind of quick, comprehensive oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance - Google Patents
A kind of quick, comprehensive oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance, it adopts and pass into the air or oxygen that flow is 3-15L/h in lubricating oil to be measured, oil temperature 100-200 DEG C, under metal catalysis conditions, through 20-200 hour, then lubricating oil viscosity, colourity, acid number, resistance to emulsion, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and the every ageing properties of greasy filth trend is measured, according to the change of lubricants performance to be measured before and after test, oil ageing performance is evaluated.Oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance of the present invention can realize evaluating fast, comprehensively oil product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lubricants performance detection method, specifically, relate to the assessment method of the lubricating oil product ageing properties that a kind of test period is short, test item is complete.
Background technology
Due to oil ageing complex forms, be difficult to carry out simple and appropriate evaluation to its life-span, be therefore all regularly replace it in equipment overhaul cycle in the past.Along with the development of material ratings method, make to set up a kind of quick, comprehensive, appropriate oil ageing assessment method and become possibility.This to correctly evaluating lubricant life, it is correct that to formulate equipment overhaul cycle most important.
Base oil in lubricating oil and adjuvant to consume or rotten along with the change of time, i.e. oil ageing.In addition, lubricating oil in use can accumulate the insolubles that the reasons such as wearing and tearing produce, and is also equivalent to the aging of broad sense.Therefore, oil ageing need by rotten, the adjuvant of base oil rotten, to consume and accumulation three aspects of other materials are evaluated.Going bad for base oil, is mainly reflected in the change of viscosity and the generation of acidic materials, therefore can be investigated by indexs such as viscosity, acid number and colourities; For the consumption, rotten of adjuvant, in most cases directly can not evaluate it, but the consumption of antioxidant can cause the change of acid number, the rotten meeting of corrosion protection abrasion resistant agent makes have purees to separate out in lubricating oil.Therefore, for adjuvant consumption, rotten can be investigated by indexs such as acid number, copper corrosion and pentane insolubles; The wearing and tearing of oil product in use high temperature, high pressure and friction pair can cause the accumulation of insolubles, and this respect the index such as weightless and greasy filth trend can be investigated by copper sheet.In sum, if more comprehensively evaluate oil product ageing properties, following project need be investigated: viscosity, colourity, acid number, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and greasy filth trend.
At present, relevant to oil ageing assessment method is oxidation stability assay method mainly.Existing oxidation stability assay method has multiple, its principle is substantially identical, general is all the air directly passing into oxygen or purge drying in sample, under the effect of the catalyzer such as metal, measures the change of the index such as viscosity, acid number of sample after experiencing official hour at the specified temperature.Test condition is different because of oil product.China carries out oxidation test to the anti-oxidative stability of aero-turbine lubricating oil by SH/T 0450-92, is called oxidation tube method; The assay method of combustion motor oil has SH/T0299-92 and SH/T0192-92 standard; Steam turbine oil SH/T 0193-92 rotary bomb oxidation test measures its antioxygenic property; The oxidation characteristic of transformer oil is undertaken by SH/T 0206-92 standard method; Productions of middle and high grade lube oil oxidation stability measures and mainly contains GB/T 12581 inhibiting mineral oil oxidation characteristic determination method, GB/T 12709 oil ageing characteristic measurement method (Conradson carbon residue method), SH/T 0123 extreme pressure lublicating oil oxidation stability determination method are carried out.
Above-mentioned test method major part all comes with some shortcomings part, and such as comparatively conventional at present method GB/T 12581 mainly contains following aspect and is unfavorable for operation: (1) test period is oversize.The method requires that detection time is 1000h, can not realize oil product and detect fast; (2) test item is single.Only have rated the oxidation stability of oil product, test item major part only relates to viscosity, acid number etc., and does not test the sundry item relevant to ageing properties.
As can be seen here, existing lubricating oil detecting appraisal method can not realize evaluating fast, comprehensively oil product ageing properties, urgently sets up a kind of new oil product ageing properties assessment method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick, comprehensive oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance.
In order to realize the object of the invention, oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance of the present invention, it adopts and pass into the air or oxygen that flow is 3-15L/h in lubricating oil to be measured, oil temperature 100-200 DEG C, under metal catalysis conditions, through 20-200 hour, then lubricating oil viscosity, colourity, acid number, resistance to emulsion, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and the every ageing properties of greasy filth trend is measured, according to the change of lubricants performance to be measured before and after test, oil ageing performance is evaluated.
Wherein, preferably, described Oil-temperature control, at 120-180 DEG C, is more preferably 150-180 DEG C.
Preferably, the flow of described air or oxygen is 5-10L/h, is more preferably 5L/h.
Preferably, described time controling, at 160-180 hour, is more preferably 168 hours.
Preferably, described metallic catalyst is copper or iron.Copper sheet or iron plate can be adopted.
What described copper sheet adopted is the cathode copper that purity is greater than 99.9%, and the wide of described copper sheet is 12.5mm, and thick is 1.5-3.0mm, and long is 75mm.
Described oil temperature adopts the modes such as constant temperature oven, baking oven, metal bath or oil bath to control.
The present invention is directed to the present situation not having special oil product ageing properties assessment method at present, existing oil oxidation stability method is improved, oil product to be measured is kept certain test temperature in special time, and pass into quantitative air, through change and pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and the greasy filth trend of regular hour mensuration viscosity, colourity, acid number, realize quick, the comprehensive ageing properties evaluation of oil product.Required test can be completed within a short period of time, the indices that simultaneously comprehensively evaluation is relevant to oil product ageing properties, thus for correctly evaluating lubricant life, formulation equipment overhaul cycle provides important references.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention carries out that oil product treating apparatus used is evaluated in oil ageing.
Fig. 2 is that oil product outward appearance is with digestion time situation of change (left-to-right: oil product A, oil product B, oil product C).
Fig. 3 is copper sheet and insolubles visual condition after aging test in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1, the oil product ageing properties assessment method of present pre-ferred embodiments, it comprises the process of tested oil product being carried out to burin-in process, and the process that the index such as weightless and greasy filth trend measures to the viscosity of the oil product after burin-in process, colourity, acid number, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet.
This method adopts the oil product treating apparatus shown in Fig. 1 to carry out burin-in process to tested oil product.This device comprises thermostatic container 10 and oil product container 20.
This oil product container 20 holds tested lubricating oil oil product, is arranged in thermostatic container 10.Oil product container 20 can adopt test tube.
Add tested oil product and copper sheet catalyzer in oil product container 20, what copper sheet adopted is the cathode copper that purity is greater than 99.9%, and the wide of copper sheet is 12.5mm, and thick is 1.5-3.0mm, and long is 75mm.
The opening of oil product container 20 arranges a stopper 23, and on stopper 23, is provided with draft tube 21 and an escape pipe 22.Draft tube 21 inserts the bottom of oil product container 20, and for passing into air or oxygen to the tested lubricating oil oil product in oil product container 20, escape pipe 22 then inserts more shallow, for discharging the gas in oil product container 20.
Thermostatic container 10, for heating tested lubricating oil oil product, makes it reach the burin-in process temperature of setting.Preferably, thermostatic container 10 can adopt constant temperature oven, baking oven, metal bath or oil bath.
Oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance of the present invention, comprises the steps:
First pass into air from draft tube 21, the flow of air is 3-15L/h; Start thermostatic container and make tested oil product reach design temperature, and remaining on this design temperature, this design temperature is 100-200 DEG C; After the temperature of tested oil product reaches design temperature, start timing, and extract sample successively according to setting-up time, to the change of the indexs such as its viscosity of sample determination extracted, colourity, acid number, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and greasy filth trend.The aging conditions of tested sample is judged according to the change of above performance index.Above-mentioned viscosity, colourity, acid number, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet measuring method that is weightless and greasy filth trend adopt method of the prior art.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is to utilize assessment method of the present invention within a short period of time ageing properties to similar hydraulic oil oil product A, oil product B and the oil product C of three kinds of performances to compare.
1. test condition
Test temperature is 150 DEG C, and it is 5L/h that air passes into speed, adds 5.5g copper sheet as catalyzer, the cathode copper that copper sheet adopts purity to be greater than 99.9%, and wide is 12.5mm, and thick is 2.0mm, and long is 75mm; Test period 120h, test item comprises viscosity, viscosity index, colourity and acid number.
2. test specimen
Oil product A: wherein base oil is made up of API I class oil and API II class oil, and the weight ratio of the two is 8: 1; Antiwear agent weight percentage is 1% of total amount.
Oil product B: wherein base oil is made up of API I class oil and API II class oil, and the weight ratio of the two is 5: 1; Antiwear agent weight percentage is 1% of total amount.
Oil product C: wherein base oil is made up of API I class oil and API II class oil, and the weight ratio of the two is 1: 8; Antiwear agent weight percentage is 1% of total amount.
According to API criteria for classification, API I class base oil is low compared to API II class base oil hydrogenation degree, and its antioxygenic property is slightly poor.Formed can be found out by above A, B, C oil product, three kinds of oil product essential difference are that API I class is different with the ratio of API II class base oil, and wherein oil product C API II class base oil ratio is the highest, and oil product B is placed in the middle, and oil product A is minimum.Can infer that three kinds of oil product ageing resistances are thus: oil product C > oil product B > oil product A.
3. test findings
Table 1 illustrates and utilizes above-mentioned test method obtained experimental result.
The test result of table 1 oil product
In analytical table 1, data can be found out, three kinds of oil products obviously there occurs change in colourity after aging test, and oil product A and oil product B changes more obvious.In addition, comparatively other two kinds of oil product changes are obvious for the change of oil product A acid number.And the performance of oil product C property indices is stable.Above test findings shows, oil product C ageing resistance is better than other two kinds of oil products, consistent with aforementioned deduction conclusion.
Adopt the advantage of this method to be, achieve the trade-off to different oil product ageing properties within a short period of time, reference is timely provided to the selection of oil product and evaluation.In addition, according to actual needs can Adjustment Tests condition, increase test item, oil product is more comprehensively evaluated.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that utilizing assessment method of the present invention to carry out comprehensive ageing properties to three kinds of oil products compares.
1. test condition
(1) test temperature: 150 DEG C;
(2) test source of the gas: pressurized air, flow is 5L/h;
(3) catalyzer: copper sheet, the cathode copper that purity is greater than 99.9%, wide is 12.5mm, and thick is 1.5-3.0mm, and long is 75mm;
(4) test period: 168 hours;
(5) analysis project: viscosity, colourity, acid number, resistance to emulsion, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and greasy filth trend.
2. test specimen
Oil product A, oil product B and oil product C, oil product is with embodiment 1.
3. test findings
3.1 oil product outward appearances
Fig. 2 illustrates oil product outward appearance and increases and the situation of change with digestion time.
As seen from Figure 2, oil product A outward appearance is the most obvious with digestion time change, general after 48h oil product become black; Oil product B color change within 48h is not obvious, but the rapid blackening of oil product color afterwards, when 144h, oil product color is basic close to oil product A; Oil product C is then relatively stable, and particularly oil product is after 168h high-temperature oxydation, and other products all become black, and oil product C color is brown but the clear that remains unchanged.Above test findings tentatively shows, oil product C hydraulic oil ageing resistance is better than other two kinds of products.For confirming oil product ageing resistance further, further physical and chemical performance analysis is carried out to sample after aging test.
3.2 basic physical and chemical indexs
In order to determine oil product degree of aging further, first we carried out basic physical and chemical performance analysis to oil product, analyzes data in table 2.
The basic physical and chemical performance analysis data of table 2 sample
As can be seen from data in table 2, three kinds of oil products obviously there occurs change in colourity after aging test, and this is consistent with viewed oil product appearance results; Obviously, wherein acid number two indexs are obviously defective afterwards for resistance to emulsion and oxidation in the index changes such as oil product A viscosity, acid number, resistance to emulsion and pentane insolubles.In addition, pentane insolubles index value is higher, illustrates that this oil product has occurred significantly aging; Oil product B is after aging test, and resistance to emulsion is defective, and simultaneously pentane insolubles numerical value is higher, illustrates that this oil product there occurs to a certain degree aging; Oil product C is after aging test, and indices is all qualified, shows that this oil product has good ageing resistance.
3.3 copper sheets weightlessness and greasy filth trend
In order to further investigate the ageing resistance of oil product, investigating outside basic physical and chemical index herein, also add the investigation with more closely-related indexs in use procedure, comprise copper sheet weightlessness, greasy filth trend and filterableness.Fig. 3 illustrates after aging test copper sheet outward appearance and leaches the situation of insolubles.
As seen from Figure 3, oil product is after aging test, and the corrosion condition of three kinds of oil products to copper sheet is similar, but oil product A and oil product B two kinds of oil products to produce insolubless comparatively serious.This result tentatively shows that oil product C ageing stability is better than other two kinds of products.In order to confirm conclusions, we have carried out the investigation of insolubles and copper sheet mass change to aged product, analyze data in table 3.
Table 3 sample insolubles and copper sheet mass change situation
As can be seen from data in table 3, the extent of corrosion of three kinds of oil products to copper sheet is similar.But oil product A and oil product B two kinds of oil products produce more insolubles after aging test, and wherein oil product A is especially serious.In addition, filterableness test findings shows, after aging test oil product A and oil product B two kinds of oil product filterableness indexs defective, and oil product C still meets index request.
4. conclusion
Above result shows that oil product C ageing resistance is better than other two kinds of oil products, and it is consistent with the result of aforementioned deduction, and as can be seen here, the lubricating oil product ageing resistance assessment method that the present invention sets up can realize evaluating fast, comprehensively oil product.
Embodiment 3
In order to compare the present invention set up test method and existing method is evaluating the difference in lubricating oil ageing resistance, utilize respectively test method of the present invention and at present in the industry the most common method (GB/T 12581-2006 inhibiting mineral oil oxidation characteristic determination method) ageing resistance of A, B, C tri-kinds of oil products (oil product is with embodiment 1) is evaluated.
GB/T 12581 method is that sample is having under water and copper-iron catalyst existence condition, at 95 DEG C and oxygen reaction, utilize acid number to reach 2.0mgKOH/g required time or characterize the oxidation stability of oil product for certain oil product in the acid number change after certain reaction time.For oil product that this patent is investigated, according to Standard, the reaction time is 1000h, utilizes the acid number after reaction 1000h to investigate the oxidation stability of oil product.
In addition, utilize test method of the present invention to evaluate oil product simultaneously, it is as follows that test condition is set: test temperature is 150 DEG C, it is 5L/h that air passes into speed, add 5.5g copper sheet as catalyzer, test period 168h, test item comprises viscosity, colourity, acid number, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and greasy filth trend.
Utilize test findings that two kinds of test methods obtain in table 4.
The test result of table 4 oil product
Above result display, after utilizing GB/T 12581 method to evaluate three kinds of oil products, before and after three kinds of oil tests, acid number change is not obvious, and be that three kinds of oil products are specification product (GB/T 11118.1 specifies by the evaluation result that the method obtains, after 1000h, it had both been specification product that acid number is not more than 2.0mgKOH/g).
After utilizing test method of the present invention to evaluate three kinds of oil products, the viscosity of oil product A, acid number, the project such as pentane insolubles and greasy filth trend all have obvious change, illustrate that this oil product is obviously aging; Oil product B has and comparatively significantly changes on pentane insolubles and greasy filth trend two, illustrates that this oil product also there occurs to a certain degree aging; Oil product C by aging test all cash in every respect relatively stable.By the comprehensive investigation tested above, can the difference of clear and definite three kinds of oil product ageing resistances, namely oil product C is best, and A is the poorest for oil product, and oil product B is placed in the middle.
Can find out by comparing two kinds of test methods, adopt GB/T 12581 can not reach thoroughly evaluating oil product ageing resistance, thus reach the object distinguishing oil product quality, and adopt the self-built test method of this patent comprehensively to evaluate oil product within a short period of time, reach the object distinguishing product quality.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. an oil ageing Reliable Evaluating Methods of Their Performance, it is characterized in that, it adopts and pass into the air or oxygen that flow is 5-10L/h in lubricating oil to be measured, oil temperature 150-180 DEG C, under metal catalysis conditions, through 120-180 hour, then measure lubricating oil viscosity, colourity, acid number, resistance to emulsion, pentane insolubles, copper corrosion, copper sheet weightlessness and the every ageing properties of greasy filth trend, according to the change of lubricants performance to be measured before and after test, oil ageing performance is evaluated;
Described metallic catalyst is copper sheet, and what described copper sheet adopted is the cathode copper that purity is greater than 99.9%, and the wide of described copper sheet is 12.5mm, and thick is 1.5-3.0mm, and long is 75mm.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Oil-temperature control is at 150 DEG C.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the flow of described air or oxygen is 5L/h.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described time controling was at 168 hours.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described oil temperature adopts constant temperature oven, baking oven, metal bath or oil bath mode to control.
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