CN103087206B - Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103087206B CN103087206B CN201310057158.8A CN201310057158A CN103087206B CN 103087206 B CN103087206 B CN 103087206B CN 201310057158 A CN201310057158 A CN 201310057158A CN 103087206 B CN103087206 B CN 103087206B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute and preparation method thereof, the method comprises gelatinization, hydrolysis, alkalization, separation, etherificate, decolouring, refining, drying and other steps, described separating step is that the characteristic utilizing Starch Sodium or maculanin to be insoluble to alcohol is separated, the starch that the molecular weight produced in removing hydrolytic process is too little and other hydrolysising by-products; The etherifying agent of current use is oxyethane, but this material is inflammable and explosive, the defect adopting chloroethanol that oxyethane can be avoided inflammable and explosive, and the security operated is increased greatly.Need slowly to drip chloroethanol when using chloroethanol to carry out etherification reaction, add whole chloroethanols if disposable, then chloroethanol can generate oxyethane with alkali reaction and overflow, and makes the substitution value step-down of product.Hetastarch 200/0.5 index that present method obtains meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The hydroxyethylamyle produced in industry is the low degree of substitution product of substitution value (MS) below 0.2 mainly, can be used for the industry such as papermaking, weaving.
Can be used as plasma substitute compared with the hydroxyethylamyle of high substitution value to use.Hydroxyethylamyle as plasma substitute use there is no antigen, can not deposit in the tissue, bleeding tendency is little, can with antimicrobial substance and with and the feature such as to have good keeping qualities.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute and preparation method thereof, require that the method prepares safety, utilize Hetastarch 200/0.5 index prepared by the method to meet " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 20-30kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, continues stirring 15-20min after being heated to 90-95 DEG C, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 40-45 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the acid solution that 150-280ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 40-45 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 15-25min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.2-0.3dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: after hydrolysing step stops, 1.35-1.54kgNaOH or 1.89-2.12kgKOH is added immediately in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2), under 55-65 DEG C of conditions, 2-3h is reacted in whipped state, holding temperature, be cooled to 20-25 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium solution;
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium solution, add 40-60kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 8-10h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch sodium obtained by step (4) or waxy corn starch potassium are dissolved in 10-15kg deionized water, be heated to 45-48 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 2.4-3.6kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 18-20h, drip after chloroethanol completes and continue reaction 2-3h, be then cooled to 20-25 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.1-0.2kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 2-3h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 30-40kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 8-10h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 8-10kg deionized water, after stirring 30-40min, add 20-30kg dehydrated alcohol, after leaving standstill 8-10h after stirring, centrifugation obtains primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 6-8kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute.
For the purpose of concise explanation problem, below to the preparation method that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute of the present invention all referred to as present method.
The ingredient requirement of plasma substitute hydroxyethylamyle mainly should contain amylopectin, and requires to be greater than 90% containing amylopectin amount.Waxy corn starch can meet the demands.The object of starch pasting allows starch molecule fully expand, and is beneficial to sour stepless action in the various piece of starch molecule and makes the molecular weight of sour starch of degrading as far as possible evenly.
The object of the hydrolysing step in present method is in order to the macromole of waxy corn starch is reduced to the starch that weight-average molecular weight is 180000-290000.Strong acid all can make Starch Hydrolysis in theory, example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, but generally uses hydrochloric acid in industry at present.Experiment also proves that hydrochloric acid effect is best.Therefore, the preferred hydrochloric acid of present method.
Hydrolysing step requires that equipment is acidproof.Alkalinization step requires that equipment is alkaline-resisting.
Due to starch can not with chloroethanol direct reaction, need first by starch alkalization become Starch Sodium or maculanin after could react.The quaternization equation that starch becomes Starch Sodium is:
St-OH+NaOH→St-O-Na+H
2O
The separating step of the step (4) described in present method is that the characteristic utilizing Starch Sodium or maculanin to be insoluble to alcohol is separated, and its objective is the by products such as starch that in removing hydrolytic process, the molecular weight that produces is too little and sodium-chlor.The viscosity of Starch Sodium or the maculanin aqueous solution is comparatively large, is difficult to filter it with common filter-pressing method.Even if by solution dilution to very rare concentration, filter and also need very large pressure, the filtration under very large pressure requires also very high to filter plant.The less feature of Starch Sodium or maculanin solubleness in ethanol aqueous solution is utilized then to be easy to realize its being separated with filtrate.This separation method had both decreased the consumption of energy, again reduced the investment of filter plant.
Normally used etherifying agent is oxyethane, but this material is inflammable and explosive, and present method adopts chloroethanol substituted epoxy ethane, avoids the defect that oxyethane is inflammable and explosive, and the security operated is increased greatly.
The etherification reaction equation of Starch Sodium and chloroethanol is:
St-O-Na+ClCH
2CH
2OH→St-OCH
2CH
2OH+NaCl
Need slowly to drip chloroethanol when using chloroethanol to carry out etherification reaction.If add whole chloroethanols disposable, then chloroethanol can generate oxyethane with alkali reaction and overflow, and makes product substitution value step-down.The equation that chloroethanol and sodium hydroxide react is:
The method of usual separation and purification is all filter, but hydroxyethyl starch solution viscosity is comparatively large, and general filter plant is difficult to realize.Present method utilizes the feature that hydroxyethylamyle solubleness in alcohol is less, uses alcohol to carry out separation to it very convenient, can reduce facility investment in the industrial production.Solvent alcohol is recyclable to be recycled.After separation and purification, the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle such as sodium-chlor or Repone K, chloroethanol and ethylene glycol etc. is made to meet product standard requirement.
The weight-average molecular weight that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute prepared by the present invention will be strict controlled in 180000-290000 scopes.Present method, by studying the corresponding relation of starch molecule amount and limiting viscosity, utilizes the limiting viscosity of starch hydrolyzate to judge the molecular weight of starch.Specific practice is: map to the time with limiting viscosity, is extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.2-0.3dL/g, stops hydrolysis reaction.
The reason of hydrolysis time corresponding to limiting viscosity that needs to extrapolate is because the molecular size range of starch is relevant to its limiting viscosity, the corresponding relation of studied starch molecule amount and limiting viscosity can be utilized to judge the size of starch molecule amount by the limiting viscosity measuring different hydrolysis time starch, but intrinsic viscosity needs certain hour, if etc. measuring result out after stop hydrolysis reaction again, then starch excessive hydrolysis.Therefore need extrapolate to hydrolysis time, namely by measuring the limiting viscosity of different time, then according to the variation tendency between limiting viscosity and time, determine (prediction) amylolytic end time in advance.
Detect according to the method for " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) defined, the weight-average molecular weight of what present method obtained can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute is 180000-290000; Molar substitution is 0.43-0.55.Prepared Hetastarch 200/0.5 index meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
In sum, present method has safe advantage, and prepared Hetastarch 200/0.5 index meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
Can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute, obtained by following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 20kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, after being heated to 90 DEG C continue stir 15min, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 40 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the hydrochloric acid soln that 150ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 40 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 15min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.2dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: hydrolysing step adds 1.35kgNaOH immediately, reacts 2h, be cooled to 20 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch sodium solution in whipped state, holding temperature under 55 DEG C of conditions after stopping in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2);
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch sodium solution, add 40kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 8h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch sodium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch sodium obtained by step (4) or waxy corn starch potassium are dissolved in 10kg deionized water, be heated to 45 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 2.4kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 18h, drip after chloroethanol completes and continue reaction 2h, be then cooled to 20 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.1kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 2h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 30kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 8h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 8kg deionized water, after stirring 30min, add 20kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 8h centrifugation after stirring and obtain primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 6kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute.
The obtained weight-average molecular weight that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute is 180000-290000; Molar substitution is 0.43-0.55, meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Embodiment 2
Can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute, obtained by following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 25kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, after being heated to 92 DEG C continue stir 18min, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 43 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the hydrochloric acid soln that 220ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 43 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 20min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.25dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: hydrolysing step adds 1.45kgNaOH immediately, reacts 2.5h, be cooled to 23 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch sodium solution in whipped state, holding temperature under 60 DEG C of conditions after stopping in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2);
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch sodium solution, add 50kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 9h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch sodium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch sodium obtained by step (4) is dissolved in 12kg deionized water, be heated to 46 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 3.2kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 19h, drip after chloroethanol completes and continue reaction 2.5h, be then cooled to 23 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.15kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 2.5h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 35kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 9h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 9kg deionized water, after stirring 35min, add 25kg dehydrated alcohol, after leaving standstill 9h after stirring, centrifugation obtains primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 7kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute.
The obtained weight-average molecular weight that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute is 180000-290000; Molar substitution is 0.43-0.55, meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Embodiment 3
Can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute, obtained by following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 30kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, after being heated to 95 DEG C continue stir 20min, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 45 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the hydrochloric acid soln that 280ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 45 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 25min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.3dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: hydrolysing step adds 1.54kgNaOH immediately, reacts 3h, be cooled to 25 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch sodium solution in whipped state, holding temperature under 65 DEG C of conditions after stopping in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2);
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch sodium solution, add 60kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 10h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch sodium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch sodium obtained by step (4) is dissolved in 15kg deionized water, be heated to 48 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 3.6kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 20h, drip after chloroethanol completes and continue reaction 3h, be then cooled to 25 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.2kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 3h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 40kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 10h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 10kg deionized water, after stirring 40min, add 30kg dehydrated alcohol, after leaving standstill 10h after stirring, centrifugation obtains primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 8kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute.
The obtained weight-average molecular weight that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute is 180000-290000; Molar substitution is 0.43-0.55, meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Embodiment 4
Can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute, obtained by following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 30kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, after being heated to 95 DEG C continue stir 20min, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 45 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the hydrochloric acid soln that 280ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 45 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 25min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.3dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: hydrolysing step adds 1.54kgKOH immediately, reacts 3h, be cooled to 25 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch potassium solution in whipped state, holding temperature under 65 DEG C of conditions after stopping in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2);
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch potassium solution, add 60kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 10h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch potassium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch potassium obtained by step (4) is dissolved in 15kg deionized water, be heated to 48 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 3.6kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 20h, drip after chloroethanol completes and continue reaction 3h, be then cooled to 25 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.2kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 3h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 40kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 10h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 10kg deionized water, after stirring 40min, add 30kg dehydrated alcohol, after leaving standstill 10h after stirring, centrifugation obtains primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 8kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute.
The obtained weight-average molecular weight that can be used as Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute is 180000-290000; Molar substitution is 0.43-0.55, meets " State Food and Drug Administration's standard " (YBH03072007) requirement.
Claims (1)
1. can be used as the preparation method of Hetastarch 200/0.5 of plasma substitute, comprise the following steps:
(1) gelatinization: under whipped state, joins deionized water 20-30kg in 10kg waxy corn starch, continues stirring 15-20min after being heated to 90-95 DEG C, obtain Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid, be cooled to 40-45 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) be hydrolyzed: under whipped state, the hydrochloric acid soln that 150-280ml concentration is 1mol/L is added in the Waxy Maize Starch Pastes liquid that step (1) is obtained, temperature maintains 40-45 DEG C and is hydrolyzed, in hydrolytic process, the viscosity of a dextrin is measured every 15-25min, with limiting viscosity, the time is mapped, be extrapolated to the time that limiting viscosity equals 0.2-0.3dL/g, stop hydrolysis reaction;
(3) alkalize: after hydrolysing step stops, 1.35-1.54kgNaOH or 1.89-2.12kgKOH is added immediately in the hydrolyzed solution of step (2), under 55-65 DEG C of conditions, 2-3h is reacted in whipped state, holding temperature, be cooled to 20-25 DEG C, obtain waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium solution;
(4) be separated: in waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium solution, add 40-60kg dehydrated alcohol, leave standstill 8-10h after stirring, the supernatant liquid after removing leaves standstill, obtains gluey waxy corn starch sodium or waxy corn starch potassium;
(5) etherificate: the gluey waxy corn starch sodium obtained by step (4) or waxy corn starch potassium are dissolved in 10-15kg deionized water, be heated to 45-48 DEG C under whipped state after, be added dropwise to 2.4-3.6kg chloroethanol, time for adding is 18-20h, continuation reaction 2-3h after dropping chloroethanol completes, is then cooled to 20-25 DEG C;
(6) decolour: under whipped state, powder activated carbon 0.1-0.2kg is added in the solution that step (5) obtains, filter after stirring 2-3h, obtain hydroxyethyl starch solution, again 30-40kg dehydrated alcohol is joined in hydroxyethyl starch solution, 8-10h is left standstill, the hydroxyethylamyle after centrifugation removing liquid must decolour after stirring;
(7) refining: under normal temperature, the hydroxyethylamyle that step (6) obtains is dissolved in 8-10kg deionized water, after stirring 30-40min, add 20-30kg dehydrated alcohol, after leaving standstill 8-10h after stirring, centrifugation obtains primary purification hydroxyethylamyle, so refine repeatedly, until the water-soluble impurity in hydroxyethylamyle meets product standard requirement;
(8) dry: the hydroxyethylamyle prepared by step (7) is dissolved in 6-8kg deionized water, spray-driedly namely obtain Hetastarch 200/0.5 that can be used as plasma substitute that weight-average molecular weight is 180000-290000, molar substitution is 0.43-0.55.
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