CN103078710A - Method for resisting interference in multiple-group multiple-user two-way relay network - Google Patents

Method for resisting interference in multiple-group multiple-user two-way relay network Download PDF

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CN103078710A
CN103078710A CN2013100035701A CN201310003570A CN103078710A CN 103078710 A CN103078710 A CN 103078710A CN 2013100035701 A CN2013100035701 A CN 2013100035701A CN 201310003570 A CN201310003570 A CN 201310003570A CN 103078710 A CN103078710 A CN 103078710A
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吕铁军
吴仁举
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for resisting interference in a multiple-group multiple-user two-way relay network. The method is implemented through the following two stages: 1) a multiple-access stage, at which all users simultaneously transmit information to a relay node; and 2) a broadcast stage, at which the relay node conducts certain processing to signals received at the multiple-access state and then broadcasts to all users, and the users conduct decoding to complete two-way information exchange. The processing operation which is conducted by the relay node to the naturally superposed signals which are received at the multiple-access state is the core of the invention, and comprises the following steps that: a) the relay node decodes the received signals to restore information of users; b) physical-layer network coding is conducted to the information of the users who belong to the same group; and c) superposition coding is conducted to network coded symbols obtained in the step b and then the network coded symbols are broadcasted to all users in the form of time-space codes. By adopting the physical-layer network coding and the superposition coding, the situation that system performance is deteriorated due to interference between groups and interference in the group can be resisted. Specifically, the physical-layer network coding can eliminate the interference in the group and the superposition coding can resist the interference between groups. According to theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, by using the method, better system performance can be obtained.

Description

A kind of to anti-disturbance method in many group multi-user bilateral relay networks
Technical field
The present invention relates to two classes interference in a kind of associating physical-layer network coding and the supercomposed coding antagonism multi-user of the group bilateral relay network more---the method for interference between disturbing in the group and organizing belongs to wireless communication technology field.
Background technology
Bilateral relay network is because it has attracted the common concern of academia and industrial quarters in the potential advantages aspect expansion network coverage and the raising system spectral efficiency.The concept of relaying technique originates from the Ad hoc network at first.Owing to the increase along with transmission range of the power of radio wave decays, receiving terminal can't detect the information of expectation from faint reception signal after decaying to a certain degree.That is to say, if the distance of two nodes surpasses the effective coverage range of antenna, just these two nodes can't be finished communication so.Then need to carry out cooperation transmission by other outer node of these two nodes if still will continue to communicate by letter this moment, namely finish communication process by relaying.Relaying technique occurs with the concept of one-way junction at first in fact, namely is applied in the simplex system.Bilateral relay network, namely both sides need mutual exchange message in the communication, are very practical communication scenes.In typical three node wireless bilateral relay networks, two end nodes carry out bi-directional exchanges of information by via node, and namely data flow is two-way.Communication process needs two stages to finish: multiple access (multiple-access, MA) stage and broadcasting (broadcast, BC) stage.In the MA stage, two end nodes send message to via node simultaneously; In the BC stage, after processing to the received signal, via node is broadcast to two end nodes.Typical three node bilateral relay networks can be regarded as single group situation, and namely two end nodes belong to same group, and two users in the group carry out two-way communication by via node.
Physical-layer network coding (physical-layer network coding, PNC) is the communication technology of utilizing a kind of advanced person of the broadcast characteristic of radio transmission medium and signal nature superimposed characteristics.Bilateral relay network is a scene that very is fit to adopt physical-layer network coding.Adopt physical layer network coding technique only to need two time slots just can finish two bi-directional exchanges of information between the end node.Whether physical-layer network coding can be divided into two classes to the mixed signal decoding that receives according to relaying: transmit (Decode-and-Forward based on decoding, DF) physical-layer network coding and based on amplification forwarding (Amplify-and-Forward, AF) physical-layer network coding (is called again analog network coding, Analogue Network Coding, ANC).In the PNC based on DF, be mapped as the network code symbol after relaying is decoded to the signal that naturally superposes that receives and be broadcast to end node; In the ANC based on AF, relaying directly is transmitted to end node after the signal that naturally superposes that receives is simply amplified.
Supercomposed coding is because it has obtained to study widely and pay close attention in the advantage that strengthens the capacity of communication system aspect of performance, and its essence is a kind of hierarchical coding modulation technique.All dispose in the additive white Gaussian noise down link of single antenna at all nodes, supercomposed coding has been proved to be the technology of obtaining channel capacity of an optimum.For for decline up link (a plurality of transmitters and a receiver), optimum multiple access access strategy is all users with their signal extension to whole bandwidth, takies whole degrees of freedom, and is very alike with code division multiple access system.But it is not that the interference from other user is come each user is decoded as noise processed, but needs to adopt the serial interference elimination receiver to reach capacity.Specifically, after user's decoding, its estimated signal be deducted the decoding of carrying out again next user from total reception signal.Similar transmission policy also is optimum to down link (transmitter and a plurality of receiver), user's signal mutually mixes and is superimposed, and carrying out separately serial interference elimination: each user at first decodes to the information of issuing the weak user of other signal, himself information of decoding again after other user's that then will decode information is eliminated.Verified, when the user is fully not identical to the channel condition of base station, serial interference elimination and code division multiple access be combined with just can make system obtain the multiple access technique larger performance boost more traditional than employing.
Three traditional node bilateral relay networks can be regarded as single group situation, and namely two end nodes belong to same group.As the natural expansion of single group situation, organize multi-user's bilateral relay network is a kind of more practical communication scenes more.The situation of considering each user only to carry out two-way communication with the partner who belongs to a group and not communicating with the user of other group.But compare single group situation, organize the number of users that multi-user scene can increase system service more, improve frequency efficiency; But exist two classes that may make the systematic function severe exacerbation to disturb under this kind scene, namely disturb between interference and group in the group.Can adopt similar single processing scheme of organizing situation for the processing of disturbing in the group, namely adopt physical-layer network coding to eliminate in the group and disturb; And be a very challenging problem for the processing of disturbing between group, the antenna configuration of concrete processing method and system has much relations.For many groups multi-user bilateral relay network of different antennae configuration, the thinking of processing the interference of two classes is different.According to the configuration of relay antenna number and user antenna number, many group multi-user bilateral relay networks are divided into following three classes: (I) relaying and user only are equipped with single antenna; (II) relaying is equipped with many antennas and the user is equipped with single antenna; (III) relaying and user are equipped with many antennas.For I class bilateral relay network, disturb in the available physical layer network coding processed group, with disturbing between code division multiple access antagonism group.For II, III class bilateral relay network, beam forming is a kind of effectively to anti-disturbance method, but beam-forming method is furnished with the antenna of system very harsh requirement is arranged: the number of antennas of relaying must greater than or equal at least the summation of all user antenna numbers, otherwise relaying does not just have enough degrees of freedom to come anti-interference.When the antenna configuration of system did not satisfy requiring of beam forming, how resisting two classes, to disturb the system performance degradation cause be a very challenging problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to explore and when the application requirements of beam forming is not satisfied in the system antenna configuration, can alleviate two classes in many group multi-user bilateral relay networks and disturb method to system performance degradation.The present invention proposes a kind of physical-layer network coding and supercomposed coding of uniting and resist the method that two classes are disturbed, specifically, physical-layer network coding can be used to disturb in the elimination group, and supercomposed coding is used for disturbing between the antagonism group.
The bilateral relay network that consideration is equipped with the via node of two antennas to form by 2K single antenna user and one, each user only communicates with the partner who belongs on the same group.U KiI the user who represents k group, k=1 wherein, 2 ..., K, i=1,2.
Figure BSA00000835735100031
Expression user U KiTo the channel matrix of via node, its each element is independent identically distributed, and namely each element is obeyed
Figure BSA00000835735100032
Distribute; Suppose that uplink channel and downlink channel have reciprocity, via node to user's channel is so
Figure BSA00000835735100033
Subscript () wherein HThe conjugate transpose operation of representation vector or matrix.It is characterized in that described method comprises two stages:
(1) the multiple access stage: all users send information to via node simultaneously;
(2) the broadcasting stage: the signal that via node received the multiple access stage carries out being broadcast to all users after certain processing operation, thereby each user finishes bi-directional exchanges of information by the purpose information that decoding recovers expectation.This stage comprises following operating procedure: (a) relaying decodes to recover user's information to the received signal; (b) to belonging to same group of user's information and executing physical-layer network coding operation; (c) the network code symbol that step (b) is obtained carries out supercomposed coding and the mode by empty time-code is broadcast to all users.
Disturb in the antagonism group when the present invention proposes a kind of many group multi-user bilateral relay networks and not satisfying the beam forming application conditions and group between the method disturbed, its advantage is: physical-layer network coding can disturb in the elimination group, the serial interference elimination of supercomposed coding and its corresponding user side can be disturbed between the antagonism group, disturb the system performance degradation that causes thereby alleviated two classes, effectively promoted the performance of system.In addition, the present invention gives system and expression formula speed and outage probability.
Description of drawings
For the technical scheme that clearly illustrates in the embodiment of the invention more directly perceived, the below will briefly introduce the accompanying drawing of required use in the implementation process.
Fig. 1 is the communication scenes that the present invention uses: organize multi-user's bilateral relay network schematic diagram more.
The flow chart of interference between more the associating physical-layer network coding that Fig. 2 the present invention proposes and supercomposed coding antagonism are organized and disturbed in the group in multi-user's bilateral relay network and organize.
Fig. 3 is in the embodiment of the invention, and the average and speed of system and existing program Performance Ratio are than schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the invention, and the outage probability of system and existing program Performance Ratio are than schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
With reference to figure 1, Fig. 1 is the application scenarios of example of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, many groups multi-user bilateral relay network of considering is equipped with the via node of two antennas to form by 2K single antenna user and one, and each user only communicates with the partner who belongs on the same group.U KiI the user who represents k group, k=1 wherein, 2 ..., K, i=1,2. Expression user U KiTo the channel matrix of via node, its each element is independent identically distributed, and obeys
Figure BSA00000835735100052
Distribute.According to the actual conditions in the communication process, the present invention makes following three reasonable assumptions:
1, all nodes are operated in semiduplex mode, and channel has reciprocity.If Expression user U KiTo the channel matrix of via node, by channel reciprocity as can be known, via node to user's channel is Subscript () wherein HThe conjugate transpose operation of representation vector or matrix, k=1,2 ..., K, i=1,2.And suppose that channel is quasi-static, namely channel is constant in the Transmission Time Interval of continuous several packets.
2, because the present comparative maturity of the channel estimation technique in the bilateral relay network is supposed can obtain global channel information by the channel estimating via node, it is the channel information that the user arrives via node that each user can obtain local channel information.
3, suppose all users and via node perfect synchronization, namely all users' of multiple access stage signal arrives via node simultaneously.
With reference to figure 2, introduce two operating procedures of the invention process:
Step (1), the multiple access stage: all users send information to via node simultaneously.
Step (2), the broadcasting stage: the signal that via node received the multiple access stage carries out being broadcast to all users after certain processing operation, thereby each user finishes bi-directional exchanges of information by the purpose information that decoding recovers expectation.
Step (2) further comprises following content of operation:
(21) baseband signal that sends of all users of via node multiple access stage of receiving represents with y, then Via node utilizes the global channel information of its grasp that y is carried out maximum likelihood decoding, and this operating process represents with following formula:
Figure BSA00000835735100056
Wherein Ω=1,1},
Figure BSA00000835735100057
Figure BSA00000835735100058
Represent the user U that via node decodes KiInformation, k=1,2 ..., K, i=1,2, || || 2The Frobenius norm that represents its element.
(22) at the via node place every group of user's decoding information is used physical-layer network coding based on the bit XOR, can be expressed as follows:
Figure BSA00000835735100061
K=1 in the formula, 2 ..., K.
The symbol of the every group of user's who (23) obtains after (22) are executed physical-layer network coding carries out the supercomposed coding operation, and the gained signal is: P in the formula kSymbol s is distributed in representative kPower, the relaying gross power is all user's sums.Need so that P in addition m≠ P nTo m ≠ n, to guarantee (s 1, s 2..., s K) to S ScMapping be to shine upon one by one.
(24) in order to take full advantage of two antennas of via node, adopt Alamouti to encode to obtain space diversity gain.Make S Sc1And S Sc2Represent two symbols behind the continuous process supercomposed coding, via node is broadcast to all users according to following formula: S = S sc 1 - S sc 2 * S sc 2 S sc 1 * , () * represents conjugate operation in the formula.
(25) at user side, receive the signal of repeat broadcast after, every group of user carries out serial interference elimination to recover the information of its expectation, then utilizes maximum-likelihood criterion to detect the physical-layer network coding symbol of expectation.
Operation (25) further comprises following content:
(25A) user U 11At first carry out serial interference elimination and operate to eliminate other group user to its interference that causes.
(25B) user U 11Next recover the physical-layer network coding symbol of expectation by maximum-likelihood criterion, the physical-layer network coding symbolic representation of continuous two time slots is
Figure BSA00000835735100064
With
Figure BSA00000835735100065
(25C) user U 11Pass through self information
Figure BSA00000835735100066
With
Figure BSA00000835735100067
Xor operation, the information that can obtain expecting
Figure BSA00000835735100068
Similarly With
Figure BSA000008357351000610
Carrying out xor operation can obtain
Figure BSA000008357351000611
Associative operation can be expressed as follows:
Figure BSA000008357351000612
s 12 2 ^ = s 11 2 ⊕ S sc 1 2
Other user carries out and user U 11The bi-directional exchanges of information between many groups user has so just been finished in similar operation.
In order to show the Practical Performance of the inventive method, the applicant has carried out Multi simulation running and has implemented test.Pilot system is many groups multi-user bilateral relay network shown in Figure 1, comprises 2K single antenna user and a via node that is equipped with two antennas.Each node adopts binary phase shift keying (Binary Phase ShiftKeying, BPSK) modulation system, and channel is quasistatic Rayleigh fading channel between all users and via node.The power of via node is all user node power sums.Physical-layer network coding (Time-Division PNC, the TD-PNC) method that selection is transmitted the time-division based on decoding is scheme as a comparison.About with the simulation result of speed as shown in Figure 3.The present invention observes the present invention and compares the TD-PNC method and can obtain higher and speed as can be seen from Figure 3.Fig. 4 has drawn the user and has organized the curve that the system break probability changes with signal to noise ratio under the number different situations, and the value of targeted rate is set as R t=0.2b/s/Hz.The present invention and the TD-PNC diversity order that can obtain all is 2 as can be seen from Figure 4, but the interruption performance that the present invention obtains is better than the TD-PNC method, and performance gain increases with number of users.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. organize in multi-user's bilateral relay network a kind of to anti-disturbance method more, the scene that is suitable for is: the bilateral relay network that is equipped with the via node (RelayNode, RN) of two antennas to form by K group (every group comprises two users) single antenna user and.Two users that belong to same group carry out bi-directional exchanges of information under the help of RN.U KiI the user who represents k group, k=1 wherein, 2 ..., K, i=1,2.s KiExpression user U KiThe information that sends; Expression user U KiTo the channel matrix of via node, its each element is independent identically distributed, and obeys Distribute; P KiExpression user U KiTransmitting power; N represents 2 * 1 multiple gaussian additive noise vectors of via node.Suppose that uplink channel and downlink channel have reciprocity, via node to user's channel is so
Figure FSA00000835735000013
Subscript () wherein HThe conjugate transpose operation of representation vector or matrix.It is characterized in that: institute's extracting method comprises following two operating procedures:
(1) the multiple access stage: all users send information to via node simultaneously;
(2) the broadcasting stage: the signal that via node received the multiple access stage carries out being broadcast to all users after certain processing operation, thereby each user finishes bi-directional exchanges of information by the purpose information that decoding recovers expectation.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: institute's extracting method is in application process, and communication system also must meet the following conditions: all nodes all are operated in semiduplex mode, and namely the sending and receiving of each node can not carry out simultaneously; Channel between all users and via node is the independent same distribution quasistatic Rayleigh fading channel, and namely channel is invariable within the delivery time of continuous several packets; Via node is grasped global channel information and is used for the mixed signal that the multiple access stage receives is carried out maximum likelihood decoding.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the operation in the step (2) comprises following content:
(21) baseband signal that sends of all users of via node multiple access stage of receiving represents with y, then
Figure FSA00000835735000014
Via node utilizes the global channel information of its grasp that y is carried out maximum likelihood decoding, and this operating process represents with following formula:
Figure FSA00000835735000015
Wherein Ω=1,1},
Figure FSA00000835735000021
Represent the user U that via node decodes KiInformation, k=1,2 ..., K, i=1,2, || || 2The Frobenius norm that represents its element.
(22) at the via node place every group of user's decoding information is used physical-layer network coding based on the bit XOR, can be expressed as follows:
Figure FSA00000835735000022
K=1 in the formula, 2 ..., K.
The symbol of the every group of user's who (23) obtains after (22) are executed physical-layer network coding carries out the supercomposed coding operation, and the gained signal is:
Figure FSA00000835735000023
P in the formula kSymbol s is distributed in representative kPower, the relaying gross power is all user's sums.Need so that P in addition m≠ P nTo m ≠ n, to guarantee (s 1, s 2..., s K) to S ScMapping be to shine upon one by one.
(24) in order to take full advantage of two antennas of via node, adopt Alamouti to encode to obtain space diversity gain.Make S Sc1And S Sc2Represent two symbols behind the continuous process supercomposed coding, via node is broadcast to all users according to following formula: S = S sc 1 - S sc 2 * S sc 2 S sc 1 * , () * represents conjugate operation in the formula.
(25) at user side, receive the signal of repeat broadcast after, every group of user carries out serial interference elimination to recover the information of its expectation, then utilizes maximum-likelihood criterion to detect the physical-layer network coding symbol of expectation.For the consideration of symmetry and simplicity, this sentences user U 11Be operating as example explanation: user U 11At first carry out serial interference elimination and operate to eliminate other group user to its interference that causes.User U 11Next recover the physical-layer network coding symbol of expectation by maximum-likelihood criterion, the physical-layer network coding symbolic representation of continuous two time slots is
Figure FSA00000835735000025
With
Figure FSA00000835735000026
Distribute to the power of the physical-layer network coding symbol of each user's group herein when impliedly requiring each user to know supercomposed coding, can utilize maximum-likelihood criterion to decode the physical-layer network coding symbol of expectation.User U 11Pass through self information
Figure FSA00000835735000027
With
Figure FSA00000835735000028
Xor operation, the information that can obtain expecting
Figure FSA00000835735000029
Similarly
Figure FSA000008357350000210
With
Figure FSA000008357350000211
Carrying out xor operation can obtain
Figure FSA000008357350000212
Associative operation can be expressed as follows:
Figure FSA000008357350000213
Figure FSA000008357350000214
Other user carries out and user U 11The two-way communication between many groups user has so just been finished in similar operation.
(26) the obtainable average and speed of taking into account system.Consider the situation of certain given channel under realizing, in the multiple access stage, each user's transmission rate and total should satisfy following constraint with speed: R ki MA ≤ log 2 ( 1 + P | | h ki | | 2 σ 2 ) , Σ k = 1 K Σ i = 1 2 R ki MA ≤ R MA = log 2 det ( I 2 + P σ 2 HH * ) , P represents the transmitting power of each symbol, I in the formula 2Expression 2 * 2 unit matrixs,
Figure FSA00000835735000033
K=1,2 ..., K, i=1,2.Can not surpassing with speed that second formula shows all users of multiple access stage regarded the communication scenes of considering as by 2K cooperate the at all capacity of the multiaerial system that transmitting antenna and 2 reception antennas form.
In the broadcasting stage, each user's transmission rate can be represented by the formula:
Figure FSA00000835735000034
Constant 2 in the formula right-hand member logarithmic function on second denominator is because repeat broadcast is the power loss that adopts the Alamouti coding to cause.Owing to organize the identical symbol sebolic addressing of emission at broadcasting stage via node to the user, therefore less speed is determining the information rate that finally can reliably transmit, then user U among every group of user KiSpeed be:
Figure FSA00000835735000035
In the formula || g k|| 2=min (|| h K1|| 2, || h K2|| 2), k=1,2 ..., K, i=1,2.
Consider that supercomposed coding is on the impact of speed.Discuss for convenient, suppose || g 1|| 2≤ || g 2|| 2≤ ... ≤ || g K|| 2, the user who belongs to same group is regarded as an integral body, from top hypothesis as can be known, when m＞n, the user organizes m and organizes n than the user and have better channel quality.This sentences two groups of users and is the signal processing operations of example explanation user side.Because the user organizes 2 and organizes 1 than the user and have better channel quality, so the user organizes 2 data that any user's group can decode of can decoding.The user organizes 1 decoding and the user is organized 2 signal during its purpose information and be treated to noise.The user organizes 2 signals of decode users group 1 at first, then deducts the information of its expectation of decoding at last from receive signal.K group user's achievable rate can be represented by the formula: R k = min ( R ki MA , R ki BC , R k SC ) = log 2 ( 1 + P k 2 | | g k | | 2 σ 2 + ( Σ m = k + 1 K P m 2 ) | | g k | | 2 ) , Wherein
Figure FSA00000835735000037
K group user's speed behind the expression employing supercomposed coding.
By asking expectation just can obtain average and speed to mutual information at all possible channel status, can be expressed as: R sum = 1 2 E [ min ( Σ k = 1 K 2 R k , R MA ) ] = E [ Σ k = 1 K R k ] , Invariant in the formula Because need 2 time slots to finish bi-directional exchanges of information.
(27) interruption performance of taking into account system.When the instantaneous transmission speed of user in the system is lower than targeted rate, be referred to as to have occured interrupt event one time.As long as there is one group of user that interruption has occured, interruption has occured in system with regard to title.The outage probability of system can be expressed as so: p Out(R t)=Pr{min (R 1..., R k)＜R tR in the formula tBe targeted rate.Still suppose || g 1|| 2≤ || g 2|| 2≤ ... ≤ || g K|| 2, consider the speed that every group of user finally can realize, outage probability can be written as again: p Out(R t)=Pr{R 1＜R t, R in the formula 1Be the user organize two users in 1 traffic rate and: R 1 = log 2 ( 1 + P | | g 1 | | 2 σ 2 + ( K - 1 ) P | | g 1 | | 2 ) = log 2 ( 1 + ρ | | g 1 | | 2 1 + ( K - 1 ) ρ | | g 1 | | 2 ) , In the formula
Figure FSA00000835735000042
When || h Ki|| 2Value hour its probability density function can be approximated to be: f (x) ≈ x, x 〉=0.Notice || g 1|| 2=min (|| g 1|| 2, || g 2|| 2..., || g K|| 2), || g 1|| 2Cumulative distribution function can obtain by calculating: Pr ( | | g 1 | | 2 < z ) = 1 - ( 1 - &Integral; 0 z f ( x ) dx ) 2 K &ap; Kz 2 , z &GreaterEqual; 0 . In the high s/n ratio zone, the outage probability of system can further be derived as: p out ( R t ) = Pr ( | | g 1 | | 2 < 2 R t - 1 &rho; ( K + 2 R t - K 2 R t ) ) &ap; K ( 2 R t - 1 ) 2 &rho; 2 ( K + 2 R t - K 2 R t ) 2 . The diversity order that obtains of the user of the poorest user of channel quality group is 2 as can be seen from the above equation.Yet the diversity order that other user with better channel quality user group obtains is greater than 2, because they benefit from the serial interference elimination operation.In a word, the diversity order that system obtains is 2, can the poorest user determine because the final performance of system is do as one likes.
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