CN103078343B - Evaluation method for impact of wind power integration on power grid transient state as well as medium and long term reliability - Google Patents
Evaluation method for impact of wind power integration on power grid transient state as well as medium and long term reliability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for impact of wind power integration on a power grid transient state as well as medium and long term reliability on the basis of investigating and surveying domestic and overseas power grid reliability evaluation research progress and combining the impact condition of the wind power integration on power grid characteristics, and constructs an impact evaluation algorithm process of the wind power integration on the power grid transient state as well as medium and long term reliability. With the adoption of the evaluation method, the impact of wind power on system safety performance can be visually expressed by quantitative evaluation indexes, wind power source factors influencing the power system safety performance are identified, and scheduling and operatorsing personnel can be guided to formulate corresponding precaution and improvement measures, so that the impact of the wind power integration on the power grid can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reliability estimation method, be specifically related to a kind of wind-electricity integration to electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure.
Background technology
The development trend that current environmental problem and energy crisis are on the rise has proposed to the sustainable development of global power industry the challenge that cannot avoid; thereby impel the general Study on Acceleration in countries in the world and development to adapt to the new technology and method of the various power domains of this new challenge, wherein just comprised probabilistic Model in Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems method.
Historically, because electricity generation system can be simulated by simple single node, last century five, the sixties have just been used the reliability estimation method based on probability in some country, a lot of countries have all carried out relevant research and application work now, as Russia has brought into use the probability index that comprises the average frequency of the equipment annual number of stoppages, fault Mean Time To Recovery, scheduled overhaul and scheduled overhaul coefficient etc., instruct carrying out of Electric Power Network Planning work.
Wind-powered electricity generation concentrate on a large scale grid-connected after, due to wind-powered electricity generation randomness, fluctuation and intermittent feature, randomness, the fluctuation of operation of power networks obviously increase, and stable operation difficulty strengthens, and a difficult problem for the aspects such as peak regulation, pressure regulation, FREQUENCY CONTROL and power control has appearred in operation of power networks; And because wind-powered electricity generation unit performance is unstable, there is hidden danger in wind-powered electricity generation design and installation, and networking detection means is not enough, the reasons such as Construction and operation management existing problems, cause after wind-electricity integration, and repeatedly fault occurs, even expand as power grid accident, the safe and stable operation of electrical network is formed to larger threat.
Due to wind power fluctuation, to relate to the time longer, and time scale not only comprises electromechanical transient process, also comprises the mid-long term stability that relates to generator steam turbine and boiler etc.How to weigh wind-electricity integration to research work such as electric network reliability impacts comprehensively, substantially have no at present relevant report both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of wind-electricity integration to electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure, can enough qualitative assessment indexs express intuitively the impact of wind-powered electricity generation on system safety performance, and definite wind-powered electricity generation power supply factor that affects power system security, be conducive to instruct management and running personnel to formulate corresponding strick precaution and corrective measure, thereby reduce the impact that wind-electricity integration brings electrical network.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Provide a kind of wind-electricity integration to electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure, said method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: the simulation calculation condition R=R that builds probabilistic stability evaluation
t∩ R
p∩ R
f∩ R
c;
Wherein, R
trepresent the network topology condition before electric network fault;
R
prepresent the system mode condition before electric network fault, it comprises trend and load level;
R
frepresent fault condition, it comprises fault element, fault type and trouble duration and wind-powered electricity generation influencing factor collection;
R
cby this system the subsequent perturbations sequence condition in the care period,
in formula: C
i(i=0,1,2,3 ...) perturbation element set while represent there is the disturbance of i level, m is positive integer, C
0=φ represents that any disturbance does not all occur, and φ represents empty set, adds that the disturbance of line represents to occur, does not add that the disturbance of line represents to occur;
Step 2: according to the simulation calculation condition of described probabilistic stability evaluation, adopt time domain transient emulation program and full dynamic simulation program, carry out transient stability and medium-term and long-term stability Calculation;
Step 3: to the reliability index F (X under all faults
i) assess;
Wherein, X
ithe operational mode that expression system is current; F(X
i) fault that is illustrated in required consideration under current operational mode occur after the reliability index of system, specifically can be any one in stability, power, electric weight and loss index, i is positive integer;
Step 4: after all states in state space Ω complete deterministic stability Calculation, application and trouble enumerative technique, calculates the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on electric network reliability impact, completes probabilistic stability assessment.
Described step 4 comprises the following steps:
Step 4-1: to the whole particularizes of system modes all in state space Ω, determine again the state of each system element in each system mode and different load levels, concerning comprising the system of m element, the probability of element running status can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, k (1≤k≤m) represents the arbitrary element in electric power system, p
krepresent this element outage probability, X
kthe running status of this element, P (X
k) be X
kprobability function;
Step 4-2: under the separate condition of each element fault, obtain element running status probability P (X
k) after, a system running state X in state space
i=(X
i1, X
i2..., X
ik..., X
im) joint probability distribution function P (X
i) can be by formula
Calculate;
Step 4-3: by formula
obtain the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on system reliability impact, P (X in formula
i) be each system mode X
ithe probability of happening of ∈ Ω.
In the simulation calculation condition of the probabilistic stability evaluation of described structure, fault condition is definite to be comprised the following steps:
(1) according to stablizing guide rule requirement, add the substance fault mode of element in calculating, wherein range of components comprises circuit, transformer, bus and protection;
(2) according to operation of power networks actual needs and take medium-term and long-term stability Calculation demand into account, in calculating, add double independent component simultaneous faults, wherein need to comprise the situation of element fault coupling protective relaying maloperation;
(3) according to the own characteristic of wind-powered electricity generation power supply, determine the influencing factor collection of wind-electricity integration on electric network reliability impact, specifically comprise wind-powered electricity generation exert oneself fluctuate widely for a long time, that LVRT Capability of Wind Turbine Generator does not possess is undesired with the supporting reactive compensation switching of wind-powered electricity generation.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
With wind-electricity integration to systematic influence really qualitative evaluation analysis compare, the probabilistic stability assessment that the present invention proposes can provide wind-powered electricity generation electric network reliability to be affected to the mathematic expectaion of probability.Because the method can be considered the overall process of all possible state and wind-powered electricity generation impact, so wind-electricity integration has formed than corresponding certainty index wind-electricity integration accident risk has better been estimated the reliability index of electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect assessment acquisition;
Grid simulation result shows, wind-electricity integration can be used the qualitative assessment index security performance of expression system intuitively to electrical network transient state and the assessment of medium-term and long-term reliability effect, can also find out and affect the bottleneck of power system security and weak link from wind-powered electricity generation self angle simultaneously, by formulating corresponding strick precaution and corrective measure, can improve the safety and reliability of power system operation, reduce the impact of wind-electricity integration on system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the two-state illustraton of model of electric network element;
Fig. 2 is that wind-electricity integration is to electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Wind-electricity integration is that join probability statistical method and deterministic parsing method are carried out the impact of qualitative assessment wind-electricity integration on power system reliability on the target of electrical network transient state and the assessment of medium-term and long-term reliability effect, and the influence degree of clear and definite each influencing factor of wind-powered electricity generation.Need to solve following problems: as wind-powered electricity generation choosing and the foundation of practical algorithm flow process etc. the probability analysis model of determining, be applicable to engineering application of power system reliability influencing factor for this reason.The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, clearly proposed first the analysis thinking of wind-electricity integration to electric network reliability impact evaluation.Based on this thinking, developed the Practical analytical method of wind-electricity integration to electrical network transient state and the assessment of medium-term and long-term reliability effect.
1. probability analysis model
Wind-electricity integration comprises component models and System State Model two parts to the probability analysis model of electrical network transient state and the assessment of medium-term and long-term reliability effect.
(1) component models
In the fail-safe analysis of generating and transmitting system, Markov Model is basic component models.For circuit, transformer, this three class component of bus, can adopt Ma Shi model to describe.The traditional two-state model of the general employing of reliability model of element, as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, N represents normal condition, and R represents fault restoration state; λ and μ represent respectively failure rate and repair rate, as follows with the relation of average failure-free operation duration MTTF and average time for repair of breakdowns MTTR:
λ＝1/MTTF
μ＝1/MTTR
(2) System State Model
Before fault, system mode is determined by network topology, generation mode and the load level of system, then the position, fault type, protection and the switch motion situation that according to fault, occur can be determined system mode.
The set of whole states that one particular system may occur is called state space Ω, state space decomposition method represents system with contingent transfer between the residing state of system and these states, and by failure criterion dividing system operating state and malfunction, try to achieve the reliability index of system.In the situation that the failure density function obeys index distribution of element, the failure rate of element and repair rate are all constants, and the variation of homogeneous markov process descriptive system state when available, solves the indexs such as probability, frequency and duration that obtain system mode.
In the Probabilistic security evaluation based on Enumeration Method, first system modes all in state space Ω is enumerated, and then determine the state of each element in each system mode, wherein, system element comprises various system equipments (as generator, circuit, transformer etc.) and different load levels.
Concerning comprising the electric power system of m element, the arbitrary element k (1≤k≤m) in system, establishing its outage probability is p
k, X
kits running status, X
kprobability function P (X
k) be:
X
i=(X
i1, X
i2..., X
ik..., X
im) be a system running state in state space, i is positive integer, according to the outage probability of each element and correlation, can determine its joint probability distribution function P (X
i).For example, when the fault of each element is separate:
2. wind-electricity integration affects the principle of compositionality and influencing factor collection and the fault collection Criterion of Selecting of evaluating on electric network reliability
The principle of compositionality that wind-electricity integration is evaluated electric network reliability impact mainly refers to that assessment content in reliability assessment and wind-powered electricity generation influencing factor and fault choose.Particular content is as follows:
(1) the wind-electricity integration principle of compositionality that impact is evaluated on electric network reliability
Consider that wind energy turbine set and conventional power generation usage factory are very different, first the impact of the motive power wind that is subject to it of exerting oneself of wind energy turbine set, is random fluctuation, and itself has uncertainty; Secondly its fluctuation time scale is longer, not only comprises electromechanical transient process, has also comprised the medium-term and long-term process of taking into account steam turbine and boiler process simultaneously.
Consider above-mentioned difference, the wind-electricity integration that the present invention the proposes principle of compositionality that impact is evaluated on electric network reliability is launched mainly for the particularity of wind-electricity integration, is specifically: time scale need to contain comprehensively.Analytic process is as follows:
A) wind-electricity integration is to system transient modelling reliability effect.
B) wind-electricity integration is to the medium-term and long-term reliability effect of system.
(2) the influencing factor collection Criterion of Selecting of wind-electricity integration on electric network reliability impact
Novel wind power plant all has larger difference with conventional electric power system generating equipment from many aspects such as prime mover structure, electric generator structure and power generation control devices, and particularly it has used jumbo AC frequency conversion control appliance access electrical network.Therefore the many factors of wind-powered electricity generation on system reliability impact, comprises himself factor, also comprises its corollary equipment factor etc.According to the statistics and analysis for many years to wind-electricity integration accident, the wind-powered electricity generation influencing factor collection criterion that the present invention proposes mainly comprise wind-powered electricity generation exert oneself fluctuate widely for a long time, LVRT Capability of Wind Turbine Generator does not possess, undesired three major influence factors of the supporting reactive compensation switching of wind-powered electricity generation.
(3) system failure Criterion of Selecting
When the reliable probability index of computing system, need simulating grid event of failure, therefore must determine the Criterion of Selecting of the system failure.The fault criteria that the present invention proposes is mainly considered substance independent component fault and double independent component simultaneous faults, consider N-1 and the N-2 fault of element, according to China < < guiding rules of power system safety and stability > >, in calculating, also need to consider more contingent multiple catastrophe failure types in addition.
3. the practical algorithm flow process of wind-electricity integration to the assessment of electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect
From theory, after all states in state space Ω are enumerated, i.e. the probabilistic safety index of available following formula computing system:
In formula: P (X
i) be each system mode X
ithe probability of happening of ∈ Ω, F (X
i) be the reliability index definite according to Practical Calculation task objective, and have
Embodiment
Wind-electricity integration can be regarded the popularization of Deterministic Methods as to the sex probabilistic analysis method of system stability, to all possible state, can check, and calculate one or several reliability index of each state, the state probability weighting sum of these state indexs is the overall performane of certain node or the whole network.In the overall process of the planning of electric power system, design, operation, adhere to the comprehensive Quantitative Reliability appraisal system of system, be the effective ways that improve electric power system usefulness.In assessment electric network reliability being affected at wind-powered electricity generation, except carrying out accident analysis to the fault that may occur, take corresponding measure, to reduce outside the impact that fault causes, can also determine the rational reliability level of electrical network, make the comprehensive benefit of electric power system be tending towards best.
Following probabilistic reliability appraisal procedure PSD-PRE realizes based on above-mentioned algorithm principle.Its main flow process as shown in Figure 2, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the simulation calculation condition R=R that builds probabilistic stability evaluation
t∩ R
p∩ R
f∩ R
c;
Wherein, R
trepresent the network topology condition before electric network fault;
R
prepresent the system mode condition before electric network fault, it comprises trend and load level;
R
frepresent fault condition, it comprises fault element, fault type and trouble duration and wind-powered electricity generation influencing factor collection;
R
cby this system the subsequent perturbations sequence condition in the care period,
in formula: C
i(i=0,1,2,3 ...) perturbation element set while represent there is the disturbance of i level, m is positive integer, C
0=φ represents that any disturbance does not all occur, and φ represents empty set, adds that the disturbance of line represents to occur, does not add that the disturbance of line represents to occur;
Step 2: according to the simulation calculation condition of described probabilistic stability evaluation, adopt time domain transient emulation program and full dynamic simulation program, carry out transient stability and medium-term and long-term stability Calculation;
Step 3: to the reliability index F (X under all faults
i) assess;
Wherein, X
ithe operational mode that expression system is current; F(X
i) fault that is illustrated in required consideration under current operational mode occur after the reliability index of system, specifically can be any one in stability, power, electric weight and loss index, i is positive integer;
Step 4: after all states in state space Ω complete deterministic stability Calculation, application and trouble enumerative technique, calculates the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on electric network reliability impact, completes probabilistic stability assessment.
Described step 4 comprises the following steps:
Step 4-1: to the whole particularizes of system modes all in state space Ω, determine again the state of each system element in each system mode and different load levels, concerning comprising the system of m element, the probability of element running status can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, k (1≤k≤m) represents the arbitrary element in electric power system, p
krepresent this element outage probability, X
kthe running status of this element, P (X
k) be X
kprobability function;
Step 4-2: under the separate condition of each element fault, obtain element running status probability P (X
k) after, a system running state X in state space
i=(X
i1, X
i2..., X
ik..., X
im) joint probability distribution function P (X
i) can be by formula
Calculate;
Step 4-3: by formula
obtain the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on system reliability impact, P (X in formula
i) be each system mode X
ithe probability of happening of ∈ Ω.
In the simulation calculation condition of the probabilistic stability evaluation of described structure, fault condition is definite to be comprised the following steps:
(1) according to stablizing guide rule requirement, add the substance fault mode of element in calculating, wherein range of components comprises circuit, transformer, bus and protection;
(2) according to operation of power networks actual needs and take medium-term and long-term stability Calculation demand into account, in calculating, add double independent component simultaneous faults, wherein need to comprise the situation of element fault coupling protective relaying maloperation;
(3) according to the own characteristic of wind-powered electricity generation power supply, determine the influencing factor collection of wind-electricity integration on electric network reliability impact, specifically comprise wind-powered electricity generation exert oneself fluctuate widely for a long time, that LVRT Capability of Wind Turbine Generator does not possess is undesired with the supporting reactive compensation switching of wind-powered electricity generation.
For the present embodiment, first according to the probability analysis model formation requirement of introducing in summary of the invention, arranged the reliability data of system, mainly comprise:
One: the reliability index of the forced outage rate (failure rate) of the elements such as generating set, transformer, overhead transmission line, circuit breaker, bus, scheduled overhaul (stoppage in transit) number of times, planned outage time, statistics platform (hundred kilometers) year number;
Two: fault type distributes and reclosing rate statistics;
Three: protective relaying device malfunction probability statistics data.Table 1 and table 2 have been listed part statistics, and wherein, table 1 is national 220kV above overhead wire fault type statistical form, and table 2 is 2000-2004 whole nation protective relaying device incorrect operation rate statistical form.
Table 1
Table 2
The system obtaining according to above-mentioned statistics and the reliability data of element, various single failures based on certain actual electric network large mode of winter in 2015 and the certainty stability Calculation result of multiple faults, can utilize the algorithm flow that the present invention carries to calculate wind-electricity integration to the sex probabilistic safety index of system stability.Specific as follows:
First, system modes all in state space Ω is enumerated, and then determine the state of each element in each system mode, according to the probability P (X of formula row formula computing element running status
k), X wherein
kthe running status of expression system, k (1≤k≤m) represents the arbitrary element in electric power system, m is system element number.
Secondly, after obtaining element running status probability, according to the system running state X in formula row formula computing mode space
i=(X
i1, X
i2..., X
ik.., X
im) joint probability distribution function P (X
i);
Finally, according to the probabilistic safety index E (F) of formula row formula computing system.
In the present embodiment, the security reliability appraisal procedure of employing based on probability carried out wind-electricity integration impact evaluation, solving result as shown in Table 3 and Table 4, wherein table 3 is the affect statistical form of large-scale wind power field operation characteristic on the temporarily steady reliability of electrical network under different faults, and table 4 is that under different faults, large-scale wind power field operation characteristic affects statistical form to electrical network mid-long term stability.Compare with conventional qualitative evaluation method really in existing engineering reality, overcome deterministic parsing method and can only carry out security and stability verification for accident limited, that fault tuple is less, and can only provide the shortcoming of qualitative evaluation, to system, keep the ability of safe and reliable operation to give more fully to evaluate.Along with the increase of the complicated degree of electrical network and the variation of electrical management system, the assistant analysis means that the wind-electricity integration probability assessment method that the present invention proposes is analyzed as power system safety and stability, to be applied to more in engineering reality, be there is popularizing application prospect widely.
Table 3
Table 4
| Wind-powered electricity generation power producing characteristics | Northwest Grid failure probability |
| Do not consider that wind power changes | 3.910769E-05 |
| Consider that wind power changes | 3.910769E-05 |
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not depart from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. wind-electricity integration, to electrical network transient state and a medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: the simulation calculation condition R=R that builds probabilistic stability evaluation
t∩ R
p∩ R
f∩ R
c;
Wherein, R
trepresent the network topology condition before electric network fault;
R
prepresent the system mode condition before electric network fault, it comprises trend and load level;
R
frepresent fault condition, it comprises fault element, fault type and trouble duration and wind-powered electricity generation influencing factor collection;
R
cby this system the subsequent perturbations sequence condition in the care period,
in formula: C
iperturbation element set while represent there is the disturbance of i level, i=0 wherein, 1,2,3 ..., m is positive integer, C
0=φ represents that any disturbance does not all occur, and φ represents empty set, adds that the disturbance of line represents to occur, does not add that the disturbance of line represents to occur;
In the simulation calculation condition of the probabilistic stability evaluation of described structure, fault condition is definite to be comprised the following steps:
(1) according to stablizing guide rule requirement, add the substance fault mode of element in calculating, wherein range of components comprises circuit, transformer, bus and protection;
(2) according to operation of power networks actual needs and take medium-term and long-term stability Calculation demand into account, in calculating, add double independent component simultaneous faults, wherein need to comprise the situation of element fault coupling protective relaying maloperation;
(3) according to the own characteristic of wind-powered electricity generation power supply, determine the influencing factor collection of wind-electricity integration on electric network reliability impact, specifically comprise wind-powered electricity generation exert oneself fluctuate widely for a long time, that LVRT Capability of Wind Turbine Generator does not possess is undesired with the supporting reactive compensation switching of wind-powered electricity generation;
Step 2: according to the simulation calculation condition of described probabilistic stability evaluation, adopt time domain transient emulation program and full dynamic simulation program, carry out transient stability and medium-term and long-term stability Calculation;
Step 3: to the reliability index F (X under all faults
i) assess;
Wherein, X
ithe operational mode that expression system is current; F(X
i) fault that is illustrated in required consideration under current operational mode occur after the reliability index of system, specifically can be any one in stability, power, electric weight and loss index, i is positive integer;
Step 4: after all states in state space Ω complete deterministic stability Calculation, application and trouble enumerative technique, calculates the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on electric network reliability impact, completes probabilistic stability assessment.
2. wind-electricity integration according to claim 1, to electrical network transient state and medium-term and long-term reliability effect appraisal procedure, is characterized in that: described step 4 comprises the following steps:
Step 4-1: to the whole particularizes of system modes all in state space Ω, determine again the state of each system element in each system mode and different load levels, concerning comprising the system of m element, the probability of element running status can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, k (1≤k≤m) represents the arbitrary element in electric power system, p
krepresent this element outage probability, X
kthe running status of this element, P (X
k) be X
kprobability function;
Step 4 ?2: under the separate condition of each element fault, obtain element running status probability P (X
k) after, a system running state X in state space
i=(X
i1, X
i2..., X
ik..., X
im) joint probability distribution function P (X
i) can be by formula
Calculate;
Step 4 ?3: by formula
obtain the probabilistic safety index E (F) of wind-powered electricity generation on system reliability impact, P (X in formula
i) be each system mode X
ithe probability of happening of ∈ Ω.
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| CN103701120B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-08-12 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of appraisal procedure of the bulk power grid reliability containing wind energy turbine set |
| CN105203152B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2018-06-19 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of photovoltaic power generation equipment failure risk exponential forecasting device and Forecasting Methodology |
| CN110212504B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2021-07-23 | 国网山东省电力公司枣庄供电公司 | Rapid protection setting method and system for lower-level power grid of alternating current-direct current system |
| CN114611889A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-10 | 河南九域恩湃电力技术有限公司 | Reliability estimation method for network source coordination performance of grid-connected power supply |
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| CN101446990A (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-06-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Method for appraising voltage stability in case of large disturbance probability |
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