CN103077834A - Water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the working voltage of the water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor is 1.6V. An anode active material of the water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor is made of a manganese dioxide nano sheet or manganese dioxide nano sheet/carbon nanotube composite material, and a cathode active material of the water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor is made of a manganese ferrite nano particles or a manganese ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material. A super capacitor electrolyte adopts a water system neutral sodium sulfate solution and is packaged into the super capacitor. The water system neutral electrolyte-based asymmetric supercapacitor has the advantages of high specific capacitance and energy density and excellent rate performance and cycle performance.
Description
Technical field
That the present invention relates to is asymmetric super-capacitor and the preparation method based on electrolyte in the water system of a kind of 1.6 V, belongs to the selection of ultracapacitor and asymmetry electrode material and the technical field that collocation utilizes.
Background technology
Along with the continuous exhaustion of fossil energy and the continuous deterioration of environment, people are gathered in more sight in the research of energy storage, conversion equipment in recent years.Ultracapacitor is compared with traditional capacitor higher energy density, and comparing with rechargeable battery has higher power density, therefore can satisfy the particularly user demand of hybrid-electric car of power-equipment of future generation.From the development of ultracapacitor, asymmetric super-capacitor is a kind of very promising energy accumulating device, and it has faster charging and discharging capabilities than battery, has larger energy density than traditional double layer capacitor.
Because aqueous electrolyte can decompose about 1.23 V, has limited the operating voltage of aqueous super capacitor.Although organic electrolyte can be brought up to its operating voltage 4 V, organic electrolyte has ionic conductivity low, and is expensive, the shortcomings such as treatment process complexity and inflammability, and that aqueous electrolyte has ionic conductivity is high, low cost, the advantages such as incombustibility and environment friendly.For the energy density of aqueous super capacitor, it is crucial improving operating voltage.Two electrode active materials of asymmetric super-capacitor are made of different materials respectively, this bi-material shows respectively preferably capacitive property under positive and negative current potential, thereby the asymmetric super-capacitor that consists of, can utilize electromotive force complementary, compare and only have wherein a kind of symmetrical ultracapacitor of material formation, improved its operating voltage range.
Manganese dioxide is a kind of transition metal oxide, in ultracapacitor, be commonly used for positive electrode, have very high energy density and power density, although it is higher less than ruthenium-oxide than electric capacity, but because of its resource extensive, cheap, and advantages of environment protection, be applied widely at electrode material.Carbon nano-tube is a kind of One-dimensional Quantum material with special construction (radial dimension is nanometer scale, and axial dimension can reach micron dimension), has typical stratiform hollow structure feature.Manganese dioxide nano-plates and carbon nano-tube is compound, have very high hierarchical structure, greatly improved specific area and the conductivity of material.
The negative material of traditional asymmetric super-capacitor adopts the carbon structure material mostly, and such as active carbon, but the ratio electric capacity of active carbon is lower, has limited specific energy and the specific power of asymmetric super-capacitor, needs to seek the negative material larger than electric capacity.Manganese Ferrite is a kind of very counterfeit electric material of high-output power that has, and present fake capacitance at crystalline state, and the symmetrical ultracapacitor of its formation has good stability.Because Manganese Ferrite shows good electrochemical properties under the negative potential window, and larger than electric capacity, can replace active carbon as the Novel anode material of asymmetric super-capacitor.Graphene is a kind of novel Two-dimensional Carbon structural material, and it has very high specific area and good conductivity.With the nano material that both are composited, has good chemical property.Adopt the conduct of Manganese Ferrite and Graphene based on the Novel anode material of the asymmetric super-capacitor of water system neutral electrolyte, have higher ratio electric capacity, better stability.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of 1.6 V's is excellent and have powerful asymmetric super-capacitor and preparation method, particularly asymmetric super-capacitor of a kind of manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material and Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material composition and preparation method thereof based on the arranging effect of water system neutral electrolyte.
The asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte of a kind of 1.6 V; adopt manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material as positive electrode active materials in the described asymmetric super-capacitor, Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material are as negative active core-shell material.
A kind of 1.6 V may further comprise the steps based on the preparation of the asymmetric super-capacitor of water system neutral electrolyte:
(1) the preparation positive electrode active materials is manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material;
(2) the preparation negative active core-shell material is Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material;
(3) active material that above-mentioned two steps is made is made respectively positive pole and negative pole;
Be assembled into ultracapacitor in the positive pole that (4) will make, negative pole, barrier film and the electrolyte placing battery model.
The mass percent of carbon nano-tube is 10-20% in the described manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material of step (1).
The mass percent of Graphene is 10-25% in the described Manganese Ferrite nano particle/Graphene of step (2).
The mass ratio of the described active material of step (3) and carbon black and binding agent is 8:1:1, described binding agent adopts Kynoar (PVDF), described dispersant adopts 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), described electrode adopts the titanium sheet, and described quality at titanium sheet coating active material is 2 mg/cm
2
The described barrier film of step (4) adopts nonwoven fabrics, and electrolyte adopts the metabisulfite solution of 0.5 mol/L, and described battery model adopts the Swagelok type.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
What (1) select is the water system neutral electrolyte, has the advantages such as macroion conductance, low cost, incombustibility, environment friendly for organic electrolyte.
(2) select manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material as the positive electrode active materials of asymmetric super-capacitor; select Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material as the negative active core-shell material of asymmetric super-capacitor, both respectively 0 ~ 0.8 V and 0.8 ~
Show good capacitive property in the voltage range of 0 V, complementary by electromotive force, the ultracapacitor of assembling just can obtain the high working voltage of 1.6 V like this.
(3) respectively that manganese dioxide nano-plates and carbon nano-tube, Manganese Ferrite nano particle and Graphene is compound, porosity and the specific area of material have been increased, greatly improve conductivity and the stability of material, improved the service behaviour of having optimized asymmetric super-capacitor.
(4) asymmetric super-capacitor of the asymmetric system formation of manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material and Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material; in the cyclic voltammetry; discharge under 10 mV/s sweep speeds can reach 50.4 F/g than electric capacity; and has excellent high rate performance; discharge still has 26.1 F/g than electric capacity under the sweep speed of 2000 mV/s; its cyclic voltammetry curve still has good rectangular characteristic; show that it still can keep good chemical property under high magnification, have excellent high rate performance.
(5) with respect to the symmetrical capacitor (energy density is no more than 10 Wh/kg) of active carbon, asymmetric super-capacitor of the present invention energy density under the current density of 0.25 A/g can reach 17 Wh/kg, far above the symmetrical ultracapacitor of active carbon // active carbon.
(6) asymmetric super-capacitor of the present invention is after 4500 circulations of constant current charge-discharge under the current density of 0.65 A/g, is 13% than the loss of electric capacity, and cycle performance is better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) figure of powder diffraction (XRD) collection of illustrative plates of the electrode active material that hydro-thermal reaction makes in the embodiment of the invention 1 and the electrode active material that hydro-thermal reaction makes, wherein (a) is the XRD figure of manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material, (b) be Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material figure, (c) being the TEM figure of manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material, (d) is the TEM figure of Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material.
Fig. 2 be in the embodiment of the invention 1 under different scanning rates the cyclic voltammetric of asymmetric super-capacitor (CV) figure.
Fig. 3 is the constant current charge-discharge test curve figure of asymmetric super-capacitor in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is power density and the energy density graph of a relation (Ragone curve) of asymmetric super-capacitor in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the cycle performance figure of asymmetric super-capacitor constant current charge-discharge under the current density of 650 mA/g in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
(1) positive electrode active materials preparation: take by weighing industrial carbon nano-tube that 0.1 g crosses through nitric acid treatment at 25 mL deionized water for ultrasonic, 2 h, add 0.3 g potassium permanganate, stir 6 h, again mixing material is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, behind 150 ℃ of lower hydro-thermal reaction 1 h, with deionized water washing, dry 12 h under 100 ℃ of conditions, make manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material, wherein the content of carbon nano-tube is 20%.Its XRD figure and TEM figure are such as (a), (c) in the accompanying drawing 1.
(2) negative active core-shell material preparation: take by weighing 0.716 g manganese nitrate and 1.616 g ferric nitrates and be added to stirring 30 min in the 20 mL straight alcohols, taking by weighing 200 mg graphene oxides (GO) is added in the straight alcohol Under Ultrasonic Vibration and opens, then above-mentioned two parts liquid is mixed, stir 30 min, with 6 mol/L NaOH solution ph value of mixture is adjusted to 10, stir 30 min, again mixed liquor is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, after hydro-thermal reaction is answered 2 h under 180 oC, wash with deionized water, dry 12 h make Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material under 60 ℃ of conditions, and wherein the content of Graphene is 25%.Its XRD figure and TEM figure are such as (b), (d) in the accompanying drawing 1.
(3) anode and cathode active materials that step (1), (2) is made respectively with carbon black, binding agent (PVDF) by 8:1:1 join mix in the dispersant (NMP) after, evenly on the coated titanium sheet, dry 8 h of 90 oC in vacuum tank, then the pressure at 10 MPa depresses to electrode, makes respectively positive and negative electrode.
(4) asymmetric super-capacitor assembling: positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and electrolyte that step (3) the inside is made are assembled into ultracapacitor.Positive plate, barrier film and negative plate are packed in the simulated battery housing successively, splash into electrolyte, use at last sealed membrane (Parafilm) with the mould sealing, make manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano-tube // Manganese Ferrite nano particle/Graphene asymmetric super-capacitor.Wherein, barrier film is nonwoven fabrics, and electrolyte is the metabisulfite solution of 0.5 mol/L.
The electro-chemical test analysis chart of the above-mentioned asymmetric super-capacitor that is assembled into such as accompanying drawing 2 ~ 5.
Fig. 2 be in the embodiment of the invention 1 under different scanning rates the cyclic voltammetric of asymmetric super-capacitor (CV) figure, discharge under 10 mV/s sweep speeds can reach 50.4 F/g than electric capacity, and discharge still has 26.1 F/g than electric capacity under the sweep speed of 2000 mV/s, its cyclic voltammetry curve still has good rectangular characteristic, show that it still can keep good chemical property under high magnification, have excellent high rate performance.
Fig. 3 is the constant current charge-discharge test curve figure of asymmetric super-capacitor in the embodiment of the invention 1.Fig. 4 is power density and the energy density graph of a relation (Ragone curve) of asymmetric super-capacitor in the embodiment of the invention 1.The ratio electric capacity of asymmetric super-capacitor under the current density of 0.25 A/g is 46.9 F/g among the embodiment 1, and energy density is 16.7 Wh/Kg, and the ratio electric capacity when multiplying power increases to the current density of 8 A/g is 26 F/g, and energy density is 9.3 Wh/Kg.Can satisfy preferably ultracapacitor requirement for energy density and power density in application.
Fig. 5 is the cycle performance figure of asymmetric super-capacitor constant current charge-discharge under the current density of 650 mA/g in the embodiment of the invention 1.After 4500 circulations of constant current charge-discharge under the current density of 0.65 A/g, asymmetric super-capacitor is 13% than the loss of electric capacity among the embodiment 1, shows that its cycle performance is better.
(1) positive electrode active materials preparation: take by weighing industrial carbon nano-tube that 0.05 g crosses through nitric acid treatment at 25 mL deionized water for ultrasonic, 2 h, add 0.3 g potassium permanganate, stir 6 h, again mixing material is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, behind 150 ℃ of lower hydro-thermal reaction 1 h, with deionized water washing, dry 12 h under 100 ℃ of conditions, make manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material, wherein the content of carbon nano-tube is 10%.
(2) negative active core-shell material preparation: take by weighing 0.716 g manganese nitrate and 1.616 g ferric nitrates and be added to stirring 30 min in the 20 mL straight alcohols, taking by weighing 80 mg graphene oxides (GO) is added in the straight alcohol Under Ultrasonic Vibration and opens, then above-mentioned two parts liquid is mixed, stir 30 min, with 6 mol/L NaOH solution ph value of mixture is adjusted to 10, stir 30 min, again mixed liquor is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, after hydro-thermal reaction is answered 2 h under 180 oC, wash with deionized water, dry 12 h make Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material under 60 ℃ of conditions, and wherein the content of Graphene is 10%.
(3) anode and cathode active materials that step (1), (2) is made respectively with carbon black, binding agent (PVDF) by 8:1:1 join mix in the dispersant (NMP) after, evenly on the coated titanium sheet, dry 8 h of 90 oC in vacuum tank, then the pressure at 10 MPa depresses to electrode, makes respectively positive and negative electrode.
(4) asymmetric super-capacitor assembling: positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and electrolyte that step (3) the inside is made are assembled into ultracapacitor.Positive plate, barrier film and negative plate are packed in the simulated battery housing successively, splash into electrolyte, use at last sealed membrane (Parafilm) with the mould sealing, make manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano-tube // Manganese Ferrite nano particle/Graphene asymmetric super-capacitor.Wherein, barrier film is nonwoven fabrics, and electrolyte is the metabisulfite solution of 0.5 mol/L.
(1) positive electrode active materials preparation: take by weighing 0.3 g potassium permanganate and be dissolved in the 25 mL deionized waters, stir 6 h, then the sulfuric acid solution (95%) that under strong stirring, adds 0.2 mol/L, again mixing material is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, behind 150 ℃ of lower hydro-thermal reaction 1 h, with the deionized water washing, dry 12 h make manganese dioxide nano-plates under 100 ℃ of conditions.
(2) negative active core-shell material preparation: take by weighing 0.716 g manganese nitrate and 1.616 g ferric nitrates and be added to stirring 30 min in the 20 mL straight alcohols, with 6 mol/L NaOH solution the solution pH value is adjusted to 10, stir 30 min, again solution is transferred in the water heating kettle of Teflon (Teflon) inner bag, after hydro-thermal reaction is answered 2 h under 180 oC, with the deionized water washing, dry 12 h make the Manganese Ferrite nano particle under 60 ℃ of conditions.
(3) anode and cathode active materials that step (1), (2) is made respectively with carbon black, binding agent (PVDF) by 8:1:1 join mix in the dispersant (NMP) after, evenly on the coated titanium sheet, dry 8 h of 90 oC in vacuum tank, then the pressure at 10 MPa depresses to electrode, makes respectively positive and negative electrode.
(4) asymmetric super-capacitor assembling: positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and electrolyte that step (3) the inside is made are assembled into ultracapacitor.Positive plate, barrier film and negative plate are packed in the simulated battery housing successively, splash into electrolyte, use at last sealed membrane (Parafilm) with the mould sealing, make manganese dioxide nano-plates // Manganese Ferrite nano particle asymmetric super-capacitor.Wherein, barrier film is nonwoven fabrics, and electrolyte is the metabisulfite solution of 0.5 mol/L.
Claims (8)
1. asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte; it is characterized in that adopting in the described asymmetric super-capacitor manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material as positive electrode active materials, Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material are as negative active core-shell material.
2. the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 1, the mass percent that it is characterized in that carbon nano-tube in described manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material is 10-20%.
3. the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 1, the mass percent that it is characterized in that Graphene in described Manganese Ferrite nano particle/Graphene is 10-25%.
4. preparation based on the asymmetric super-capacitor of water system neutral electrolyte may further comprise the steps:
(1) the preparation positive electrode active materials is manganese dioxide nano-plates or manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material;
(2) the preparation negative active core-shell material is Manganese Ferrite nano particle or Manganese Ferrite nano particle/graphene composite material;
(3) active material that above-mentioned two steps is made is made respectively positive pole and negative pole;
Be assembled into ultracapacitor in the positive pole that (4) will make, negative pole, barrier film and the electrolyte placing battery model.
5. the preparation of the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 4 is characterized in that the mass percent of carbon nano-tube in the described manganese dioxide nano-plates/carbon nano tube compound material of step (1) is 10-20%.
6. the preparation of the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 4 is characterized in that the mass percent of Graphene in the described Manganese Ferrite nano particle/Graphene of step (2) is 10-25%.
7. the preparation of the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 4, the mass ratio that it is characterized in that the described active material of step (3) and carbon black and binding agent is 8:1:1, described binding agent adopts Kynoar, described dispersant adopts 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, described electrode adopts the titanium sheet, and described quality at titanium sheet coating active material is 2 mg/cm
2
8. the preparation of the asymmetric super-capacitor based on the water system neutral electrolyte according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the described barrier film of step (4) adopts nonwoven fabrics, electrolyte adopts the metabisulfite solution of 0.5 mol/L, and described battery model adopts the Swagelok type.
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Application publication date: 20130501 |