CN103077365B - The RFID reader of compatible Type A and Type B agreement - Google Patents
The RFID reader of compatible Type A and Type B agreement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Do you the invention discloses a kind of compatible Type? A and Type? the RFID reader of B agreement, it comprises rf analog front-end circuit and digital baseband circuit, does digital baseband circuit comprise MCM control circuit, Type? A coding circuit, Type? B coding circuit, Type? A decoding circuit, Type? B decoding circuit, pushup storage, pushup storage control circuit, buffer zone, register array, register control, interrupt controlling and timer.First the present invention carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller, writes in register array by the communication mode selected and operational factor; Then MCM control circuit obtains the communication protocol of speed that coded signal that RFID label tag sends over adopts and use by inquiry register array, to determine corresponding communication mode; Finally, various instruction is sent to RFID label tag by rf analog front-end circuit under the communication mode determined, receives the answer signal of RFID label tag and data to be read, for external microcontroller process simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of RFID reader, specifically, relate to the RFID reader of stronger compatible ISO14443TypeA and the TypeB communications protocol of a kind of low cost, high reliability and versatility.
Background technology
RFID is the abbreviation of RadioFrequencyIdentification, i.e. REID, RFID radio-frequency (RF) identification is a kind of contactless automatic identification technology, it automatically identifies destination object by radiofrequency signal and obtains related data, identification work need not manual intervention, can work in various rugged surroundings, and RFID technique identifiable design high-speed moving object, and multiple label can be identified simultaneously, swift and convenient to operate.
ISO/IEC14443 defines the physical characteristics of neighbouring card (PICC); Need the nature and charactor of the field supplying energy, and the two-way communication between local coupling equipment (PCD) and neighbouring card (PICC); Card (PICC) enters poll time local coupling equipment (PCD), the character format in communication initialization stage, frame structure, time sequence information; Non-contacting semiduplex Bulk transport agreement also defines activation and the step of standstill agreement, and host-host protocol is applicable to ISO/IEC14443TYPEA and TYPEB simultaneously.
PICC and PCD uses electromagnetic coupled to carry out the transmission of energy and the mutual of information, PICC has two antenna TX1 and TX2, PCD has three antenna TX1, TX2 and RX.Energy is passed through the electromagnetic transmission of 13.56Mhz to PICC by antenna by PCD, and carries out communication with PICC, and ISO14443 specifies, maximum transmission rate is 848kbps.
Information in PICC is sent to the information processing terminal (personal computer, network or hand hold equipment) and processes, and reader chip, wherein as the passage of information, has the effect of two aspects, first, control the transmitting-receiving that radio circuit carries out signal, modulation and demodulation, carries out communication with PICC; Secondly, by the information in PICC, be sent in host computer by external interface (serial ports, parallel port).
The communications protocol of PICC and PCD has TypeA and TypeB two kinds, and when TypeA type PCD is to PICC transmission signal, by the radio-frequency carrier transmission signal of 13.56MHz, it adopts scheme to be Miller coded system that is synchronous, that improve, is transmitted by 100%ASK; When PICC is to PCD transmission signal, by modulated carrier transmit Manchester coding subcarrier signal.TypeB type PCD, when to PICC transmission signal, is also the radio-frequency carrier signal by 13.56MHz, but employing is asynchronous, nrz encoding mode, by the scheme transmitted with 10%ASK; When PICC is to PCD tool transmission signal, then BPSK coding is adopted to modulate.
Slave computer (MCU) in traditional PCD determines to use which kind of agreement in a communication by the multiple register addresss controlled in reader chip, carried out the control of code and decode mode by the register of reader chip in PCD, and digital analog interface carries out the configuration of mimic channel, finally carry out transmission and the reception of signal, the AFE (analog front end) realizing two kinds of protocol-compliants needs to realize different structures, digital modulation and demodulation part also has larger difference, based on efficiency and realize cost, switching between different agreement and poll are performed by MCU, cost is high, reliability is general.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of low cost, the RFID reader of high reliability and stronger compatible TypeA and the TypeB agreement of versatility, comprise rf analog front-end circuit and digital baseband circuit, described digital baseband circuit carries out instruction control according to the control command of external microcontroller to RFID label tag and reads to control, rf analog front-end circuit adopts the mode of wireless telecommunications that the instruction specified in ISO14443 agreement is sent to RFID label tag, adopt the mode of wireless telecommunications to receive the answer signal of RFID label tag and data to be read simultaneously, for external microcontroller process, described digital baseband circuit comprises TypeA and TypeB two kinds of communication modes, first digital baseband circuit carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller, the communication mode selected and operational factor are write in register array, then the communication protocol of speed that coded signal that PICC sends over adopts and use is obtained by corresponding register in inquiry register array, to determine corresponding communication mode.
Described digital baseband circuit comprises MCM control circuit, TypeA coding circuit, TypeB coding circuit, TypeA decoding circuit, TypeB decoding circuit, pushup storage, pushup storage control circuit, buffer zone, register array, register control, interrupts controlling and timer, first, MCM control circuit carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller to digital baseband circuit, writes in register array by the mode of operation selected and operational factor; Then, the RxControl1 register in MCM control circuit inquiry register array is utilized, the communication protocol of the speed that the coded signal that acquisition PICC sends over adopts and use, to determine corresponding communication mode; Then, MCM control circuit selects the corresponding control command of coded format to external microcontroller to encode, with realize to RFID label tag read control, MCM control circuit selects coded format under same communication mode to the decoding data read from RFID label tag; Finally, decoded RFID label tag data are kept in buffer memory buffer zone by MCM control circuit, and under the control interrupting control and timer, RFID label tag data are finally placed in pushup storage for external microcontroller process.
Described MCM control circuit inquiry RxControl1 register, the signal sended over to obtain PICC is Manchester's cde or BPSK coding on earth, if Manchester's cde, then TypeA coding circuit and TypeA decoding circuit is selected to carry out Code And Decode operation; If BPSK coding, then TypeB coding circuit and TypeB decoding circuit is selected to carry out Code And Decode operation.
Described digital baseband circuit also comprises redundancy check coprocessor, odd circuit and anti-collision testing circuit.
The different frequency divisions of described timer selection 13.56MHz clock are as elapsed time clock.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: digital baseband circuit of the present invention comprises MCM control circuit, TypeA coding circuit, TypeB coding circuit, TypeA decoding circuit and TypeB decoding circuit, first it utilize MCM control circuit to carry out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller to digital baseband circuit, writes in register array by the mode of operation selected and operational factor; Then, the RxControl1 register in MCM control circuit inquiry register array is utilized, the communication protocol of the speed that the coded signal that acquisition PICC sends over adopts and use, to determine corresponding communication mode; Then, MCM control circuit selects the corresponding control command of coded format to external microcontroller to encode, with realize to RFID label tag read control, MCM control circuit selects coded format under same communication mode to the decoding data read from RFID label tag, the present invention can be worked under ISO14443TypeA and TypeB two kinds of communication modes, versatility is better, and cost is lower, and reliability is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the RFID reader general frame figure of compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the system framework figure of digital baseband circuit part of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the RFID reader of compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement of the present invention comprises rf analog front-end circuit and digital baseband circuit, digital baseband circuit comprises TypeA and TypeB two kinds of communication modes, it is according to external microcontroller MCU(host computer) control command instruction control is carried out to RFID label tag (PICC) and read control, rf analog front-end circuit adopts the mode of wireless telecommunications that the instruction specified in ISO14443 agreement is sent to RFID label tag, adopt the mode of wireless telecommunications to receive the answer signal of RFID label tag and data to be read simultaneously, for external microcontroller process.Wherein, digital baseband circuit comprises MCM control circuit, TypeA coding circuit, TypeB coding circuit, TypeA decoding circuit, TypeB decoding circuit, pushup storage, pushup storage control circuit, buffer zone, register array, register control, interrupts controlling and timer, first, MCM control circuit carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller to digital baseband circuit, writes in register array by the mode of operation selected and operational factor; Then, the present invention utilizes the RxControl1 register in MCM control circuit inquiry register array, the communication protocol of the speed that the coded signal that acquisition RFID label tag sends over adopts and use, to determine corresponding communication mode; Then, MCM control circuit selects the corresponding control command of coded format to external microcontroller to encode, with realize to RFID label tag read control, MCM control circuit selects coded format under same communication mode to the decoding data read from RFID label tag; Finally, decoded RFID label tag data are kept in buffer memory buffer zone by MCM control circuit, and under the control interrupting control and timer, RFID label tag data are finally placed in pushup storage for external microcontroller process.
Below each unit of the present invention is further elaborated:
The conversion of MCM control circuit in the present invention between main processing command translation and state, when reader chip enters init state, MCM control circuit is utilized to carry out initialize to Parasites Fauna, empty the operation such as pushup storage and internal status register clearing, time in working order, it is also responsible for the modulation and demodulation State Transferring of data, write reads pushup storage FIFO, the logic functions such as the generation of redundancy check coprocessor CRC and transmitting and receiving data state interrupt, on the other hand, MCM control circuit is also used for inquiring about the communication protocol that RxControl1 register obtains speed that coded signal that PICC sends over adopts and use, namely MCM control circuit inquiry register obtains corresponding coded format, namely the signal that PICC sends over be on earth Manchester's cde or high speed time adopt BPSK coding, if Manchester's cde, then illustrate and select ISO14443TypeA communication mode, namely the Code And Decode operation that TypeA coding circuit and TypeA decoding circuit carry out being correlated with is adopted, if BPSK coding, then illustrate and select ISO14443TypeB communication mode, namely adopt TypeB coding circuit and TypeB decoding circuit to carry out correlative coding and decode operation.
The coded signal that TypeA decoding circuit decoder_a realizes adopting the label chip of TypeA communications protocol to send is decoded, the coded signal that digital circuit can realize the different rates such as 106kbps, 212kbps, 424kbps and 848kbps is decoded, obtain normal Frame, be kept at buffer memory buffer, and be finally placed in FIFO for external microcontroller MCU process, for TypeA, employing be Manchester Manchester coded signal
The coded signal that TypeB decoding circuit decoder_b realizes adopting the label chip of TypeB communications protocol to send is decoded, digital circuit can realize 106kbps, 212kbps, 424kbps, even the signal of the different rates such as 848kbps is encoded, obtain normal Frame, be kept at buffer memory buffer, and be finally placed in FIFO for external microcontroller MCU process.For TypeB, employing be BPSK coded signal.
TypeA coding circuit encoder_a can encode to the signal of the different rates such as 106kbps, 212kbps, 424kbps and 848kbps, for TypeA, what adopt is the modified miller coded signal that 100%ASK modulates, according to the difference of speed, the time of encoding shared by a bit, by difference, it should be noted that the time that speed change rearward recess occurs also changes accordingly simultaneously.
TypeB coding circuit encoder_b can realize encoding to 106kbps, 212kbps, 424kbps even signal of the different rates such as 848kbps, for TypeB, what adopt is the NRZ-L coded signal that 10%ASK modulates, according to the difference of speed, the time of encoding shared by a bit is by difference.
Wherein, the coded signal that general 106kbps speed adopts is Manchester's cde OOK, the NRZ-L signal that 212kbps, 424kbps or 848kbps speed all adopts BPSK to modulate.
Anti-collision testing circuit anti-collision_a, during anti-collision order, only has an existence blocked to be to cause any conflict, when there being more than two cards to appear at same field intensity, will cause the conflict of coded signal.Due to coded signal employing is Manchester's cde, this coded signal supports that bit swiping detects, when a collision occurs, this is occur 1 and 0 certainly simultaneously, the coded signal of 1 and 0 forms conflict by overlaping during sub-carrier modulation to be caused being correctly decoded, and now reader should be able to recognize this conflict position and arrange conflict position at CollPos register.If in data bit detection to conflict, need, in ErrorFlag register, error flag CollErr is put 1; If conflict detected in parity check bit, then need, in ErrorFlag register, error flag ParityErr is put 1.Decoding circuit is not by the impact of conflict position in addition, continues to perform decoding task.If there is abnormal conditions, such as in SOF, bit swiping detected, so just there will be frame format mistake, now decoded data is not sent in FIFO, and decoding circuit still works on until data decode is complete, produce a frame format rub-out signal to external microcontroller MCU(host computer), when decision allows to send data to RFID label tag by MCU.
CRC coprocessor can calculate the algorithm of ISO/IECTypeA and TypeB, the CRC polynomial expression of TypeA with TypeB two agreements is the same, be: x16+x12+x5+1, the difference of two agreement CRC process is that the result of initial value difference and polynomial expression operation is the need of negate, therefore needs the initial value configuring CRC at the beginning.CRC coprocessor is only by the control of external microcontroller MCU, MCU sends CalcCRC-Command order, CRC coprocessor will utilize the content stored inside FIFO to calculate one by one, the net result that CRC calculates can be read from CRCResultLSB and CRCResultMSB register, CRC can not stop automatically, the control of MCU must be accepted, stopped the calculating of CRC by Idle-Command.
Odd circuit parity just needs when accepting TypeA frame format, TypeB form does not need to do odd process, and during encoding and decoding, control, obtain check results by MCM control circuit, this module can be embedded in MCM control circuit and coding module.
Pushup storage FIFO has two effects in reader chip, one is input data from outside MCU and give MCM control circuit to send to label chip, one is leave in FIFO after the data decode sended over by label chip, for MCU process.FIFO has 64 bytes altogether, but does not represent reader and can only once send 64 bytes, and MCU according to the continuous padding data of the state of FIFO, therefore once can send the data of 256 bytes.
The different frequency divisions of timer TIMER subassembly selection chip 13.56MHz clock are as elapsed time clock, can be used for calculating two events the time interval or identify a certain event and occur after a certain precise time, TIMER can be triggered by some events, but can not affect the carrying out of any event, the flag that TIMER is relevant also can be used to produce interrupt request.The major part of TIMER be one from down counter, as long as this Counter Value is not 0, will do from reducing under clock control; If register AutoRestart puts 1, then TIMER can not reduce to 0 certainly.Meanwhile, automatically can load the value of TimerReolad register at next clock when TIMER count down to 1.
Interrupt controls IRQ generation interrupt and control interrupt request, corresponding registers group also thus unit control, be below various interrupt types:
Interrupt TimerIRq and show that TIMER has interrupt request: when TIMER sets to 0 from reducing to 0(TAutoRestart) or TpreLoad preset value (TautoRestart puts 1) time, TimerlRq identifies foundation.
TxIRq mark can be established under three circumstances: 1. all data are sent; Data all in FIFO calculate complete by 2.CRC coprocessor, and now CRCReady is also set to 1.
It is complete that RxIRq shows that receiver receives data
IdleIRq shows that instruction is finished.
HiAlerIRq shows that HiAlert is set to 1.
LoAlertIRq shows that LoAlert is set to 1.
Bus module BUS supports four kinds of patterns such as SPI, EPP, universal serial bus and parallel bus, this reader chip can be after power-up, use NCS, NWR, NRD, ALE and A2, A1, the varying level of A0 carries out automatic detection, and select correct bus transmission model, BUS module is in the input and output realizing data below SPI pattern simultaneously.
Compatible ISO/IEC14443TypeA and the 14443TypeB international standard of the present invention, the present invention is operated in 13.56Mhz, can work below the communication speed of 106kbps, 212kbps, 424kbps and 848kbps, CMOS compatible and TTL two kinds of operating voltage simultaneously, the present invention and MCU carry out communication, automatically can configure according to interface, reading/writing distance can reach 10cm, supports that multiple cards of on-site are read and write simultaneously.
The present invention is controlled by external microcontroller MCU, and in embody rule scene, MCU carries out the communication with RFID label tag by the form control of register configuration, is the application flow of a typical TypeA as follows;
1.MCU is configured reader chip, and write related register, selects mode of operation and operational factor.
2.MCU controls prologue, and road wheel of going forward side by side is ask, and ' 300200 ' instruction is sent to reader chip by bus by MCU.
3. reader chip makes an explanation to ' 300200 ' instruction and performs, and the control signal of the transtation mission circuit in the AFE (analog front end) of reader chip is opened.
4.MCU sends card seeking order REQA ' 0x52 ' instruction to reader chip.
5. reader chip makes an explanation to REQA ' 0x52 ' instruction and performs, and chip uses modified Miller mode to encode to ' 0X52 ', and is sent to elect magnetic field after it is used ASK modulation by transtation mission circuit.
6., after the RFID label tag of the non-dormancy of elect magnetic field receives REQA ' 0x52 ' instruction, send request response ATQA ' 0d ' to elect magnetic field.
7. reader chip receives request-reply ATQA instruction, and receiver module carries out demodulation in OOK Manchester mode.
8. reader chip continues to send the instruction specified in ISO14443 agreement.
9. reader RFID label tag communicates with chip.
(omission initialization procedure)
10.RFID label sends data to chip, and chip receives data and sends in FIFO after carrying out demodulation.
11. if MCU send CRC check instruction to chip, then CRC check is carried out to data.
Data are sent in MCU by bus agent BUS by 12. reader chip.
13. reader chip produce interrupt request IRQ and are sent in slave computer MCU in communication process.
14. reader chip, according to application, operate TIMER.
(omission of other application processes)
15.MCU sends pause command HLTA instruction by reader chip to RFID label tag, and RFID label tag is closed.
The foregoing is only better embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, the structural modification that local is small may be there is in implementation process, if do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention to various change of the present invention or modification, and belonging within claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies scope, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (4)
1. the RFID reader of a compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement, comprise rf analog front-end circuit and digital baseband circuit, described digital baseband circuit carries out instruction control according to the control command of external microcontroller to RFID label tag and reads to control, rf analog front-end circuit adopts the mode of wireless telecommunications that the instruction specified in ISO14443 agreement is sent to RFID label tag, adopt the mode of wireless telecommunications to receive the answer signal of RFID label tag and data to be read simultaneously, for external microcontroller process, it is characterized in that, described digital baseband circuit comprises TypeA and TypeB two kinds of communication modes, first digital baseband circuit carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller, the communication mode selected and operational factor are write in register array, then the communication protocol of speed that coded signal that RFID label tag sends over adopts and use is obtained by corresponding register in inquiry register array, to determine corresponding communication mode,
Described digital baseband circuit comprises MCM control circuit, TypeA coding circuit, TypeB coding circuit, TypeA decoding circuit, TypeB decoding circuit, pushup storage, pushup storage control circuit, buffer zone, register array, register control, interrupts controlling and timer
First, MCM control circuit carries out initial configuration according to the control command of external microcontroller to digital baseband circuit, writes in register array by the mode of operation selected and operational factor;
Then, the RxControl1 register in MCM control circuit inquiry register array is utilized, the communication protocol of the speed that the coded signal that acquisition RFID label tag sends over adopts and use, to determine corresponding communication mode;
Then, MCM control circuit selects the corresponding control command of coded format to external microcontroller to encode, with realize to RFID label tag read control, MCM control circuit selects coded format under same communication mode to the decoding data read from RFID label tag;
Finally, decoded RFID label tag data are kept in buffer memory buffer zone by MCM control circuit, and under the control interrupting control and timer, RFID label tag data are finally placed in pushup storage for external microcontroller process.
2. the RFID reader of compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described MCM control circuit inquiry RxControl1 register, the signal sended over to obtain RFID label tag is Manchester's cde or BPSK coding on earth, if Manchester's cde, then TypeA coding circuit and TypeA decoding circuit is selected to carry out Code And Decode operation; If BPSK coding, then TypeB coding circuit and TypeB decoding circuit is selected to carry out Code And Decode operation.
3. the RFID reader of compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described digital baseband circuit also comprises redundancy check coprocessor, odd circuit and anti-collision testing circuit.
4. the RFID reader of compatible TypeA and TypeB agreement according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the different frequency divisions of described timer selection 13.56MHz clock are as elapsed time clock.
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| CN103401654A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-20 | 南京中科微电子有限公司 | Dual-mode digital baseband structure of chip of reader |
| CN103489016B (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2016-08-10 | 广西大学 | RFID anti-collision read-write device and control method thereof |
| CN103559467B (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-01-20 | 张良 | Second-generation resident identification card reading system |
| CN103870783B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-10-12 | 广东顺德中山大学卡内基梅隆大学国际联合研究院 | A kind of RFID card reader radiating circuit |
| CN104537327A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 宁波百世信息科技有限公司 | Electronic tag reading method and device |
| EP3079104B1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-01-10 | EM Microelectronic-Marin SA | Protocol management method for a passive rf identification device which can harvest power from different power sources |
| CN105574456A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 谭焕玲 | RIFD reader |
| CN106446736A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 天津灵创智恒软件技术有限公司 | Method for accessing register in RFID reader |
| CN108021957B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2021-07-23 | 深圳市艾特智能科技有限公司 | Anti-collision method and system, readable storage medium and card reading device |
| CN110334553B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2023-03-24 | 广东识芯微电子科技有限公司 | Link method for radio frequency identification sensing data and sensing label node |
| CN110250799B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2022-07-12 | 慕思健康睡眠股份有限公司 | System and method capable of identifying replacement of bed cover |
| CN112235221B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-16 | 广州智慧城市发展研究院 | BPSK signal decoding method and device |
| CN113271115B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-03-21 | 思澈科技(上海)有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit control method and system |
| CN113379021A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-10 | 北京中电华大电子设计有限责任公司 | Reconfigurable NFC coprocessor |
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